Compete for the Song Dynasty

This is a magnifying glass lens. No wonder Zhang Zai was gesturing for a long time, and he was startled when he saw Wang Pang approaching.He returned the lens to Zhang Zai and asked, "Where did Uncle Zhang get this?"

Zhang Zai said that he came across this object by chance while he was patrolling the banks of the Yellow River, and he put it aside for a long time without paying attention to it. During the past few days of studying the sky, when he thought of this mirror, he used it to look at the stars and the moon, but he could see much more clearly than usual.

Zhang Zai said that he only heard some anecdotes from Brother Shen before, about foreign objects.Unexpectedly, I saw it today.

Wang Pang asked: "Zhang Bo can be said to be right, and then Lord Shen Kuo."

Zhang Zai nodded: "Exactly. I once heard him say: there is a light-transmitting mirror in the world, and there are inscriptions on the back of the mirror. There are twenty characters, and the characters are extremely ancient and cannot be read. Other mirrors, no matter how thin they are, cannot be penetrated." .Italian ancients don’t have their own”[

(There is a light-transmitting mirror in the world, and there is an inscription on the back of the mirror, with a total of 20 characters. The font is so ancient that no one can read it. From this, the ancients had other methods when making this mirror. From "Mengxi Bi Tan ")

While talking, the two had already walked into Zhang Zai's study, Zhang Zai picked up the two letters on the table and handed them to Wang Pang, and Wang Pang saw that Bianjing and Chenzhou had come separately.Wang Pang put the letter in his arms and was about to go back to his room to read it again, when he saw Zhang Zai looking at him with the magnifying lens.

"Why does Zhang Bo look down on Xiao Ke so much?" Wang Pang asked puzzled.

Zhang Zai said while thinking, "I always feel familiar with you." Wang Pang laughed, of course we met you in the capital last year.

Zhang Zai waved his hand, but he also explained more, he said: "You have been here for a few days, and I am also busy with business. I happened to be free today, and I also received a letter from Zhang Yi from Chenzhou, which said that you have a sword. .”

Wang Pang said: "Xiao Ke did occasionally strike a sword, because the sword has hostility, so he went to learn swordsmanship from his master to get rid of the hostility. Master often mentioned Uncle Zhang to Xiao Ke, and Xiao Ke began to pay homage to him." Said After saying this, he took out the dagger hidden in his long gown, and handed it to Zhang Zai with both hands.

Zhang Zai finally took a look, and then he returned to Wang Pang and said, "I don't know anything about this sword." , your master and my old friend often hear me talk about the monism of qi, and he is also a person who likes to study "Yi Xue", so we are close friends."

Wang was a little discouraged to listen, but since he came, he might as well ask for advice humbly, besides, his important thing is not in the sword, so he wanted to ask Zhang Zai what is the monism of qi.

Zhang Zai explained: Everything in the world is composed of Qi, and the dissipated state of Qi is called "Taixu".Taixu is the body of qi. The so-called body refers to the original form, and it can also be said to be the original state of qi. Everything comes out of this body.In the changing movement of all things, although this qi gathers and disperses, it does not increase or decrease.When qi condenses, people can see it, which is called existence; when qi dissipates, people can't see it, which is called emptiness.

The nature of yin and yang's movement and stillness is called Taihe, and it is called Tao.The ups and downs of Taihe, and the bending and stretching of human beings are the driving force of all movements. In the final analysis, it is the opposition and sympathy between yin and yang. The development and changes of all specific things are due to internal opposition and sympathy. This is called "one thing, two bodies" .

When Wang Pang was in Chenzhou, he had also talked with Zhang Yi, and he mentioned the way of yin and yang, not to mention that Wang Pang knew about the "Book of Changes".

Listening to Zhang Zai's explanation that Yin Yang thinks of his own black crystal like Tai Chi Yin Yang fish, it is because of his patience that he suddenly became interested.He asked, "But I don't know that Zhang Bo's 'one thing, two bodies' and "Book of Changes" - Yi has Taiji, is the difference between the theory of giving birth to two forms."

Zhang Zaiyi was very happy. Wang Pang's question was the key to his theory. Suddenly he found that he had a confidant, so he couldn't help being a little happy.

This is based on Zhang Zai's research experience. Since then, he has followed Fan Zhongyan's guidance, finished reading "The Doctrine of the Mean", studied "Laozi", "Zhuangzi" and Taoist books, and also read Buddhist works. After research and comparison , In the end, he also put his academics in Confucian culture, relying on the Six Classics of Confucianism.

The young Zhang Zai was unwilling to confine his academic studies to Confucianism at the beginning. He wanted to explore and compare, so he picked up the knowledge of various schools of thought. own independent academic path.

Zhang Zai's knowledge did not have a systematic inheritance from teachers. After years of study and exploration, Zhang Zai finally established his own academic path.In the second year of Jiayou's reign, he was about 40 years old. In this year, he was admitted as a Jinshi and began to embark on the road of officialdom.

After so many years of exploration, he finally succeeded. How much he longed for someone to study with him, and even more hoped to be recognized, even if it was more communication.

Seeing what Wang had heard was the key to his academics. He was a little excited, his eyes lit up, and he spoke out the difference between his point of view and the Book of Changes in one breath:

Zhang Zai's theory of "one thing and two bodies" clarified the contradictory phenomenon of the universe and pointed out the characteristics of the unity of opposites within things. Come on, there are two aspects of yin and yang inside everything, which are two.The two categories of yin and yang can include many categories such as virtuality and reality, movement and stillness, gathering and dissipating, voicing and turbidity, etc., and they are ultimately unified in one qi.Therefore, one and two are interdependent and cannot be separated.One qi contains the sympathetic changes of yin and yang, so everything in the world can live endlessly and is in the process of eternal growth and death. [

Wang Pang doesn't know much about the field of philosophy, but this theory is definitely super powerful. At least he knows that these are the foundations of materialist philosophy, and his contribution to Chinese culture is indelible.He thought about what Zhang Zai said, and found it very familiar. As for the theory of qi, he seemed to have never heard of it before.

Wang Pang thought hard, Zhang Zai saw that he was frowning and did not bother him, some strange thoughts came to Wang Pang's mind again, he asked Zhang Zai: "Does Xiao Ke think so: the world is summed up by one breath, this Ebb and flow, and finally reach a balance?"

Zhang Zai clapped his hands and said, "Yes, my nephew knows exactly what I said."

Wang Pang asked: "What is the explanation for the "human" thing that exists in the heaven and earth?"

Zhang Zai said: "Qiankun is the synonym for heaven and earth, and heaven and earth are the parents of all things and people. Heaven, earth, and people are mixed together in the universe, because all three are things made up of "qi". Sex is the nature of human beings, so human beings are my compatriots, all things are my friends, and the nature of all things and people is consistent.”

After finishing speaking, he pointed to the wall behind him. This time, Wang Pang noticed that there were a few words written on the wall of the study, "Build a heart for the world, establish a life for the living people, inherit the knowledge of the past, and create peace for all generations."

Zhang Zai's life as a county magistrate was extremely simple, and if he had surplus money, he put it all on the government office, such as printing some brochures, or entertaining the elderly in the county. The room layout was simple furniture of tables and chairs.There are no famous calligraphy and paintings on the wall, but some poems written by him himself, and the main sentence is very familiar to Wang Pang.

Wang Pang remembered that Zhang Zai's four sentences were summarized by the contemporary philosopher Feng Youlan as "the four sentences of Hengqu" before he crossed. In September 2006, when Premier Mao Zedong was interviewed by foreign reporters on the eve of his visit to Europe, he quoted this sentence to express his feelings.

When Wang Pang saw this word, he was already in admiration in his heart, and he was even more surprised when he saw Zhang Zai say the word "universe".So he said:

There are not only people in this universe, there should also be objects, such as stars and moons, stored in the air.

Zhang Zai was even more delighted when he heard that he said that you come with me to see, and he didn't care about his king's side as he said it. He dragged him into the middle of the yard, pointed to the sky and said, "Look at this vast starry sky, it's all in this world." In the past, people in the world often talk about the sun and the moon, and the sun and the moon have the earth as their heart, because they are in constant motion, rising and falling, never stopping."

Wang Pang looked up at the sky and listened to Zhang Zai's words: "The sun, the moon, and the five stars of metal, wood, water, fire, and earth have their own slowness, slowness, rapidity, and speed in their movements, because their natures are different. The same. Venus, Mars and the sun have an interactive relationship, which affects the speed of the two planets. The movement of the earth itself comes from the interaction of Yin and Yang within it.”

After he finished speaking, the two looked at each other at the same time, and Wang Pang also smoothed out the thoughts in his mind just now. When he was concentrating on thinking hard, the last two words were finally picked out of the thousands of thoughts, and Zhang Zai said These are the universe and the earth, thinking quickly in his mind, who exactly is this Zai, what he grasps is by no means the current Song Dynasty theory.

These two strange words were repeatedly confirmed by the king, but he was not stopped by himself and blurted out: "Aristotle, ether!"

Zhang Zai was startled by what he said first, and then confused by what Wang Pang blurted out. He couldn't understand it at all. Seeing Wang Pang stretching out his arms as if to embrace the sky, he thought Wang Pang was crazy.

How crazy is Wang Pang? I even suspect that Zhang Zai also came here through time travel. Could it be that Aristotle got something beyond the present? I couldn't help stretching my arms to the sky and hugging the sky.

But obviously, Zhang Zai was not, he just looked at Wang Pang more and more familiarly, he took Wang Pang's arm and checked Wang Pang's pulse.The pulse condition was fairly stable. I looked at Wang Pang's expression. Wang Pang was very excited at first, but Zhang Zai, who calmed down first, made this series of actions embarrassing.

Zhang Zai said that it was very inspiring to have a detailed discussion with my nephew today. I will write it down first, and then I will type it carefully in the future.

Wang Pang went back to his room to rest, and read the two letters.

One was ghostwritten by Yuan Ze, talking about things in the capital and at home, and it was safe to arrive at home.There is an incident in the capital, that is, after Nong Jifeng returned, Jiaozhi became much more honest, like two monsters in the imperial court, Jiaozhi called himself "Kirin".Yuan Ze said that they look like buffaloes, but their bodies are covered with fleshy scales; they have a single horn at the end of their noses, and they eat grass, melons and fruits; they must be hit with a stick before they will eat

Wang Pang thought, this unicorn has only been heard of but never seen before, so it is true that there is such a thing.You must take a good look at it when you return to the capital in the future.

Looking at the letter from Chen Zhou again, it is written by Lu Shenyan, one is that the family is safe, but the news is still under the moon; Master Zhang Yi's letter homework.On the way back to Bianjing, let him handle the needs of the capital, and only do the first practice of doing business. [

There are joys and worries in this, Wang Pang can't fall asleep, and thinking of Zhang Zai's words today, he decides to ask the secret of crossing the ancient and modern stone tomorrow.