The Red War God of Anti-Japanese War

Chapter 355 Miracles Everywhere

After visiting the construction of Baotou Industrial Base, Wu Aihua and his party went south without stopping to visit Shanxi Coal Energy Group.

Shanxi is a large coal-producing province in my country, and its output has always ranked first among all provinces. During the Republic of China, Shanxi's coal output was even more outstanding, and other places could not catch up.

In the 34th year of Guangxu (1908), Qu Benqiao, a giant merchant in Shanxi Province (who once studied in Japan and became an official of Sanpin Jingtang after returning to China) and others collected 162 million taels of silver to establish Shanxi Baojin Mining Co., Ltd. to mine coal semi-mechanically. .This is the beginning of the modern coal industry in Shanxi.Under Baojin Mining Co., Ltd., there were four divisions successively, including Pingding, Datong, Shouyang, and Jincheng, and it was the largest coal enterprise in Shanxi at that time.

After entering the Republic of China, Shanxi successively saw Fenyang Coal Mine, "Tiancheng Coal Mine", "Shendi Coal Mine", "Jinfeng Coal Mine", Qingfeng Coal Mine, Gaojiahe Coal Mine, Zifanggou Coal Mine, Xigou Coal Mine and Dishuiyan, There are dozens of coal mines in Sidagou, Dayaopo, Zaolong Xuancheng, Daping, Xiaoping, Sandaogou, Dagou, Wanjiazui, etc.The most influential ones are Jincheng Nancun Coal Mine, Changzhi Zhiyu Coal Mine and Lucheng Shigejie Mechanical Coal Kiln.

The annual output of these modern coal mines ranges from thousands of tons to hundreds of thousands of tons, and most of them belong to small and medium-sized coal mining enterprises.Wu Aihua entrusted Yan Xishan to form the "Shanxi Coal Energy Group", not to integrate these enterprises scattered throughout Shanxi into one company, but to formulate a reasonable and sustainable development of the coal industry structure, and to support Shanxi's existing The coal industry provides financial, technical and management support.

Shanxi Coal Energy Group, in principle, does not participate in the mining of small and medium-sized coal mines, and is mainly committed to the construction of large-scale coal mines, super-large coal mines, and thermal power generation companies.

The first 120-kilowatt generator set of Taiyuan Electric Power Company with a total installed capacity of 1 million kilowatts had already started generating electricity when Wu Aihua inspected it, and this generator set was also a thermal power generator set independently developed by China.

At the same time, coal mining machinery such as drum shearers, coal plows, roadheaders, scraper conveyors, hydraulic supports, ventilators, and drainage machines produced by Taiyuan Mining Machinery Factory began to appear on the market for coal mines of all sizes to increase coal production capacity .Most of these mechanical devices are technologies after the 20s. It is completely a miracle that they appeared in this era!

In addition to the coal industry, Shanxi's other industrial foundations are also quite good.

For example, the machinery manufacturing industry can produce simple machinery, tools and accessories such as noodle cutters, cotton gins, gears, agricultural tools, flower poppers, water suction machines, and looms.The scale of machinery manufacturing factories is not large, such as Taiyuan Yiju, Wanshun, Yicheng and other iron factories, Pingyao has Juxing Iron Factory, and Linfen has Jinxing Machinery Factory.

In addition, there are textile industry, non-ferrous metal mining and smelting, iron and steel smelting, matches, flour, paper making, hardware and other industries.

In Shanxi, there is only one well-known enterprise in the whole country, that is, Taiyuan Arsenal.This modern arsenal developed from the Shanxi Machinery Bureau in the late Qing Dynasty uses all German equipment. Its scale and modernization surpassed the most famous Hanyang arsenal and Shenyang arsenal in the Republic of China. It has 3800 sets of various processing equipment and 15000 employees. , more than 5000 employees, and a total of more than 20000 people, even in later generations, it is still a large-scale factory.

In terms of the layout of the military industry, Wu Aihua adopted one system for the three major military industry groups of Longyan, Hanyang, and Chongqing, while the Taiyuan Military Industry Group adopted another system.The former is controlled by the state and privately owned by the government; the latter is jointly owned by multiple parties and jointly operated by shareholders.As far as the Taiyuan Arsenal is concerned, the original major shareholder was mainly the local government of Shanxi, and the Yan Xishan family naturally also had its shares. After Wu Aihua took over the center, he decided to invest more in the Taiyuan Arsenal. The central government invested in the latest military technology, accounting for 25% of the shares. ; the former local government of Shanxi Province, accounting for 28% of the shares; the Yan Shi family and other families, accounting for 12% of the shares;

Huaxia yuan, the original currency issued by Huanan Bank, has a ratio of 10:1 to the U.S. dollar, that is, 10 Huaxia yuan is equivalent to 1 U.S. dollar. Compared with the previous legal currency of the Nationalist Government, it is 2:1, that is, 2 Huaxia yuan is equivalent to 1 legal currency.However, with the staged victory of the Anti-Japanese War and the unification of the country, the Huaxia Yuan has appreciated by about 10%.

Therefore, the 5 million Huaxia Yuan is equivalent to 5600 million U.S. dollars, and the total assets of the entire Shanxi Ordnance Industry Group will reach 1.5 million U.S. dollars, undoubtedly becoming the giant of this era.

It turned out that Yan Xishan himself also served as the general manager of Shanxi Arsenal. When reorganizing Shanxi's industry, Wu Aihua had a good talk with Yan Xishan, and gave him the concepts of board of directors, board of supervisors, chairman, and general manager. He gave a lecture, especially explained the concept of "professional manager" in detail.

Although Yan Xishan is 57 years old, he is a kind person.As soon as he heard it, he understood what Wu Aihua meant, and also understood his own shortcomings.Therefore, under Yan Xishan's reassuring position as the governor of Shanxi Province, he gave up all the management rights to the two major group companies "Shanxi Coal Energy Group" and "Shanxi Ordnance Industry Group", and only served as the "chairman of the board of supervisors" of the two companies. "The post.

After leaving Shanxi, Wu Aihua and his party began to go to the most important place of this trip, the construction site of Baocheng Railway.

China's traffic problems are relatively easy to handle in Northeast, North, East, Central, and South China, but it is very difficult to handle in Northwest and Southwest China.In the northwest, the land is vast and sparsely populated, and construction lags behind, and no one will say anything; but the southwest is very different. During the Anti-Japanese War, the population of Sichuan alone reached 4000 million, accounting for about one tenth of China's total population. The two provinces of Yunnan and Guizhou have a total population of nearly 7000 million, more than 5600 million more than Germany's population of 1000 million.

However, the transportation in the southwest is limited by the terrain. "The road to Shu is difficult, and it is difficult to go to the blue sky." Li Bai, a poet of the Tang Dynasty, lamented that it has not been fundamentally changed until later generations for a long time.

Therefore, the construction of a railway connecting the northwest and southwest, and then directly to North China and East China has become a key project in the infrastructure construction of the new Republic of China.

Regarding the construction of the Baocheng Railway, China has made many preparations before. After 1913, geological exploration was carried out on the Tong (Datong)-Chengdu (Chengdu) Railway, but there was no strength to carry out construction at that time; in 1936, the Baocheng Line was explored again, and thereafter until 1948, the exploration did not stop. They even chose the Tianshui (Tianshui) Cheng (Chengdu) plan, but for one reason or another, construction has not started.

It was not until 1952 that later generations of China officially started the construction of the Baocheng Railway. Construction started in Chengdu on July 7 of that year, and in January 1 in Baoji section; It took 1954 years for Shahe to be opened to traffic.

The Baocheng Railway was one of the countries with the most difficult construction in China at that time, with a total length of 669 kilometers, including 84 kilometers of tunnels (304 tunnels in total), 28 kilometers of bridges (1001 large, medium and small bridges), accounting for 17% of the total mileage.During the most difficult period of the project, Tianchao once concentrated 50% of the national railway system construction personnel and 80% of all construction machinery to participate in the battle, and finally solved the construction problem.

However, because of problems in design and construction technology at that time, Baocheng Railway began electrification transformation from the day it was built, and became the first electrified railway in the Chinese dynasty.

The reason for this situation is not that the Baocheng Railway is so important, it is the most important railway in China; it is because the slope of the Baocheng Railway is too steep, and it takes at least 4-6 ordinary steam locomotives to pull it forward and push it backward. A train is pushed and pulled up.Even if electrification was carried out later, three electric locomotives were needed to pull forward and push backward to maintain the normal speed of a train.

According to the information provided by the "Meritorious Service System", the straight-line distance of the Baocheng Railway from Yangjiawan Station to the Qinling Grand Tunnel is 6 kilometers, but the elevation is 680 meters. With 3 horseshoe-shaped and 1 spiral ("8") circuitous development lines rising, the lines are stacked 3 layers, with a height difference of 817 meters. The 6-kilometer railway, and the line between Guanyin Mountain and Qingshiyan can climb rapidly with a large slope of 27‰; then pass through the 33-meter Qinling Tunnel to Qinling Station, and at Qinling Station, Baocheng Railway The 2364‰ downhill road goes down the Jialing River to Guangyuan, Sichuan Province.

The parallel time-space design of Baocheng Railway abandons the "Guanyin Mountain Exhibition Line" and directly builds a 9218-meter-long ultra-long-distance tunnel "Qinling Tunnel" from Yangjiawan Station to Qinling Station.In addition, in other road sections, try not to use the method of "saving labor and reducing materials". If the tunnel should be built, the tunnel must be built, and if the bridge should be built, the bridge should be built directly, so as to build this railway into a "fast railway" as much as possible.

Can such a long tunnel be built?In fact, several railway tunnels in the world have already surpassed this figure.

The Sinnis Tunnel, built in 1857-1871, connected France and Italy, with a total length of 12900 meters; the Gotthard Tunnel, built in 1872-1882, in Switzerland, with a total length of 15000 meters; the Simplon Tunnel completed in 1921 , connecting Switzerland and Italy, with a total length of 19800 meters; in later generations of China, there are also some famous railway tunnels in the world, such as the Taihang Mountain Tunnel with a total length of 27848 meters, the Luliang Mountain Tunnel with a total length of 20785 meters, and the Uganda Tunnel with a total length of 20050 meters. Sheath Ridge Tunnel.

However, don't forget that Wu Aihua has a "merit system".

On the one hand, Wu Aihua asked the Ministry of Communications to send experts to Switzerland, Italy and other countries to learn from the experience; on the other hand, he asked the "merit system" for productivity.A completely new tunnel construction method based on the 20s and later will emerge in this era.

In terms of excavation, a "combined roadheader" is adopted. This kind of combined roadheader replaces several processes such as drilling, explosion, and ballasting, and loads rock ballast into large-capacity mine cars or dump trucks in one go. .In terms of full-section lining discharge, there is a formwork trolley, which mixes concrete from a concrete mixing building or a mixing station, and delivers it to the lining working face through a concrete delivery vehicle or a concrete delivery pump.In addition, the exported spray anchor technology, new Austrian method technology, tunnel lighting, ventilation, pumping, cooling technology and other construction technologies have all undergone revolutionary improvements.

At the beginning of the 20th century, the average annual excavation speed of American railway tunnels was 4.4 kilometers, but because of the adoption of new machinery and new construction methods on Baocheng Railway, the tunnel excavation speed will reach an astonishing 12 kilometers per year.