Baolu Tianxing

"As for the fraud of Tianhuang, there are generally several methods. One is to soak it in strong acid to fake it. This is the same as the jade B product." The Gu Yi Xuan he runs has the meaning of popularization in it.

"The second is to use a stone that is close to Tianhuang in color and has a texture like radish pattern, and polish it into a pebble shape, chisel it with a hard tool or roll it in hard sand, then stain it with soil or color it, and then put it in the stone. Cooking at high temperature makes its color and appearance similar to that of the skinless Tianhuang stone. At first glance, this fake Tianhuang looks very similar to the real product. You need to look at the texture from the surface to distinguish it. Generally, the so-called radish texture is disordered;

There is also a kind of pasting skin, which is pasted with pigmented stone skin on the stone, heated with water under high pressure, and then ground. This method is the same as the hardwood fake rosewood. The disadvantage is that the soaked stone skin is very fragile. Crunchy, coarse grained, turbid and opaque, dry and hard like scars, and hard to bear with knives, when carving, you can only carve a group of lines and scenery, and you can't carve finely. "

"Master Tian is mighty!" Kong Si flattered him, and he often bought strange stones from various places at a stall, but the prices were very low. Normal people would know that they were handicrafts, just like the old man said, obviously Sell ​​you a handicraft, if you insist on buying it as a treasure, that is your own business!But let alone, there are many such people!

Wu Chen was fascinated by what he heard, and almost forgot his business. Seeing Kong Si refilling everyone's tea, he remembered the issue he was most concerned about. He spent a long time discussing the material of the square seal stone.Seeing that Mr. Tian had said so much in one breath, he couldn't ask immediately, so he wanted to wait for the old man to take a sip of tea and take a break.

Fortunately, Kong Si knew what Wu Chen was suspicious of. After waiting for a while, he asked for him first, whether this seal was Wen Tianxiang's private seal, or whether it was imitated by later generations.

Mr. Tian was silent for a while, shook his head, and said: "I can only be sure that this seal stone is indeed Tian Huang. If it is Wen Tianxiang's private seal, I am not sure. There are many doubts in it. First of all, this stone The patina does not seem to be that old, unless it has not been used much after it was engraved. But then again, since it is a private seal, in addition to being a personal seal, it is also a plaything of the owner, and it should be kept at hand for fun; Second, stone seals should have started from Wang Yuanzhang of the Yuan Dynasty; the Santian Huang was only popular in the Ming and Qing Dynasties."

"Although there are many doubts, it is a bit unreasonable to say that later generations imitated. Who would get such a piece of top-quality Tianhuang and eagerly imitate Wen Tianxiang's seal? I can't answer these. Seal collection has always been relatively unpopular, and the focus is mainly on seal characters. , engraving, ink pad, texture, shape, etc., in addition to the material, I am not very good at printing itself."

The last sentence made Wu Chen and Kong Si stunned. It seems that they really specialize in art, and collectors like Tian Lao only have a half-knowledge.Kong Si muttered something, I said it earlier, so much has been said before, and none of the last sentence has the weight.

"Hehe, don't worry." Seeing their expressions, Mr. Tian smiled, "Although I don't know much about it, I have an old friend named Liu. That's really everyone! It's the one who told me to take you to visit him last time. I I also learned this knowledge about seals from him. It just so happens that he will return to Guangfu soon, and he will take you to visit with him when the time comes."

Wu Chen and Kong Si can only claim to be the same. As for the surname Liu, I have never heard of it. It is probably a professional professor or something. Although these people are not well-known outside the industry, they are authoritative in the professional field.

Although they couldn't identify them, since they had a good chat, Mr. Tian still gave them some common sense about seals.Among the carved characters of the Celestial Dynasty, the oldest ones are the oracle bone inscriptions of the Yin Dynasty, the Zhongdingwen of the Zhou Dynasty, and the carved stones of the Qin Dynasty.

Therefore, since ancient times, there has been a specialized discipline called "Gold and Stone Studies". For example, Li Qingzhao's husband, Zhao Mingcheng, is a famous gold and stone scientist.The seal is also a kind of "golden stone". There is still no conclusion about its origin in the Shang Dynasty or the Yin Dynasty.

However, according to the relics and historical records, it appeared at least in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and it was widely used in the Warring States Period.For example, during the Warring States period, Su Qin, a famous prime minister who advocated unity, wore the seal of the Six Kingdoms.In recent years, unearthed cultural relics have pushed the history of seals forward for hundreds of years.In other words, the seal existed in the Zhou Dynasty.

Most of the ancient seals handed down from ancient times come from the ruins of ancient cities, rivers and ancient tombs.Some were abandoned by the defeated in exile during the war, and some were abandoned on the battlefield by those who died in the war. All seals captured on the battlefield must be handed in, and officials must also remove their seals and hand in after death.

Many others, such as the name of the official company, as well as the Jiyu seal and Xiao Xingyin, are generally sacrificial objects, not real products.In addition, on the pottery and standard measuring vessels of the Warring States Period, as well as on the gold coins of some vassal states, seals were used to stamp names and record the names of craftsmen or symbols in the nature of pictograms, which have also been handed down.

Before the Qin Dynasty, both official and private seals were called "Xi". After Qin unified the six kingdoms, they were called the First Emperor. This is the first time that Yinxi has been clearly separated.

After the Han Dynasty, the situation changed again. Some princes, kings or queen mothers also called the seal "Xi", while the general's seal was called "Zhang".

In the Tang Dynasty, Wu Zetian changed the name to "Bao" because she felt that "Xi" and "Death" sound similar to each other (or it is said to have the same pronunciation as "Xi"). For example, the royal seals of the Qing Dynasty preserved in the Palace Museum are mostly "XX Treasures".

After that, according to the customs of the people of the past dynasties, the seals include: "seal", "seal letter", "record", "Zhu Ji", "contract", "customs protection", "seal", "fu", "deed", "deed" , "stamp" and other titles.

The seals of the pre-Qin and Qin and Han Dynasties were mostly used as sealing objects and bamboo slips, and the seals were placed on the sealing clay to prevent unauthorized tearing and for letter verification.The official seal symbolizes power.After the emergence of papermaking, because the bamboo slips were changed to paper silk, the method of sealing mud was gradually abolished, and the seal was replaced with a vermilion seal. In addition to daily applications, it is also used for calligraphy and painting inscriptions, and it has become one of the unique works of art in my country. .

In ancient times, copper, silver, gold, jade, glass, etc. were used as printing materials, and then there were teeth, horns, wood, crystals, etc. After the Yuan Dynasty, stone seals became popular. Today, cooking wine is more complicated. , if it is a one-time use, even radishes are used.

Mr. Tian gave them a rough introduction to some common sense of seals. It was almost noon, and Kong Si and Wu Chen stayed for dinner. While Kong Si was busy with his Shandong cuisine, Mr. Tian played with that seal. , although he loved it very much, he didn't ask Wu Chen if he would transfer it, so Wu Chen naturally didn't mention it.

After a meal, in order not to disturb Mr. Tian's lunch break, the two made an appointment with him to wait for news from him, visit Mr. Liu together, and then left.

Wu Chen thought that he would have nothing to do the next day, so he asked Kong Si to go to Pingzhou to see gambling stones together. Kong Si didn't even feel like setting up a stall, so he readily agreed, saying that when he left, he would call him. .

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The next day, Wu Chen slept until almost noon as usual, and after lunch, he drove to Ji Ao in Longze, took Kong Si, and for an unknown amount of time, he arrived at Yushi Street in Pingzhou.Pingzhou has always been known as the "Hometown of Jade Bracelets". "It is also well-known.

After more than 30 years of development, Pingzhou has become one of the four major jade markets in China, the largest Myanmar jadeite distribution center, and the world's largest bare jade processing and wholesale base.Of course, in recent years, due to the rapid rise of Yangmei in Jieyang City, the reputation of the world's first jadeite raw material distribution center has been taken away by Yangmei. place.

Although it is famous here, Wu Chen has never been here, and he is not an insider. Even if he wanted to see jade before, Hualin Jade Street can meet his needs. Compared with it, Pingzhou is much bigger, especially for gambling on stone hair. There are a lot of material shops, and correspondingly, the number of leaks may be much greater, so Wu Chen thought of coming here.

After discussing it on the way, I realized that Kong Si had never been here before. He focused on reselling antiques, but he didn't know as much about jade as Wu Chen did!Wu Chen secretly complained, is this considered inhuman?

When the two arrived in Pingzhou, they realized that although it was called Jade Street, it was a small town with many streets criss-crossing, many jade cities located everywhere, and recently a folk village was built.The two wandered around like headless flies for a long time, and finally arrived at the Jade Cultural Square, parked the car, and after inquiring about it, they accidentally walked to the right place. Here, the Museum is on the left, the Green Treasure Garden is on the right, and it radiates to the Pingzhou Jade Street. It's the heartland.

The market manager they inquired heard that they were here to gamble on stones, so he kindly reminded them that there will be a public sale here in a while, and now there are already stores stocking up here one after another. The market is just behind the trading center opposite, so you can go and have a look first.

The two people didn't know much about what a public market was, and they didn't care about it. They followed the direction pointed by the man, crossed the street, and arrived at a wool center called "Mossa". Going in, I just feel the coolness, which is completely different from the scorching heat outside.

Entering inside, I enjoyed a burst of air-conditioning first, and then I took a look at it. It was a huge woolen market, with endless passages criss-crossing, stalls on both sides, and large stores surrounded by walls. It was wool, and the two of them seemed to have entered a sea of ​​wool. Kong Si called out, "Damn it! How many stones are there! How many mountains have been hollowed out?"

Wu Chen was also excited. Compared to here, Hualin Jade Street is just a little witch. There are so many gambling stones, so he can't worry about finding a good one, so he dragged Kong Si and walked in.

Compared with the hot weather outside, although there are people coming and going, it is much cooler inside. Kong Si didn't expect it to be so lively. He always thought that this place is as remote as the countryside, and only those in the industry would come here to trade. , I didn't expect that after a closer look, many people are just like them, and they come here to mess around.

Chinese people like to gamble, and there is no way to gamble in China. No wonder many people are willing to come here to gamble, which is similar to buying a lottery ticket. Anyway, everyone who comes here has an equal opportunity. You can rely on luck even if you have no eyesight. Once you win the bet, you can legally get rich overnight.