Datang New Order

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On September 20, King Qi Li Maozhen, accompanied by his servant Han Wo, came to Luoyang, the eastern capital.Li Chengzhong led hundreds of civil and military officials to welcome Shili, and brought this famous Dafan town for nearly [-] years into Luoyang City.

After paying homage to Emperor Li Zuo at the Qianyuan Hall, Li Chengzhong left Li Maozhen to discuss in detail at the Tiance Mansion in the imperial city. There were Shi Han Yanhui, the head of Tiance Mansion, and Sima Li Zhen.

The tea soup was served, and after a few chats, Li Maozhen brought the topic to the things she was most concerned about: "I heard that the state supervisor wants to reform the constitutional system in Taiwan and reshape the authority of the censor, but I don't know how to do it?"

Regarding the restructuring of Yushitai, Han Wo also gave an introduction to Li Maozhen on the road, but the restructuring has not yet been implemented. When he was ordered to go to Fengxiang, even the specific reform regulations had not yet been issued, so Also vague.Li Maozhen is more interested in being in charge of Yushitai than staying in Guannei to serve as the head of the Academy of Honor. In the final analysis, no matter what position, real power is the most important thing.Although Han Wo was not able to explain in detail, it is always more tempting to be a royal doctor.

In this dynasty, the imperial censor was in charge of the Taixian, and he was the third-rank official, equivalent to the Zhongshu and the deputy under the door, or at the same level as the ministers of various ministries, but his power and power were much greater. According to the imperial court system, the imperial censor "in charge of the criminal laws "Correct the crimes of hundreds of officials", you can enter the political affairs hall to "listen to discussions".The deputy of Yushitai is Yushi Zhongcheng, who assists the doctor Yushi in handling Taiwan affairs.

There are three courtyards under Yushitai, namely Taiyuan, Dianyuan and Chayuan.It should be noted that the censor of the three courts is not an office organization with clear hierarchy, but a "committee" system similar to later generations.

For example, the censors who are responsible for the picketing of central officials range from a dozen to as many as dozens of people. They are all at the same level and can carry out impeachment work independently.You can't control me, and I can't control you.For the same case, Zhang Yushi doesn't want to take care of it, so there is Wang Yushi, who finds it difficult to deal with when Wang Yushi is in charge, and Li Yushi continues to work hard, and even many important cases, there will be multiple Yushi taking over at the same time. Either a joint investigation, or an independent impeachment.

Doctor Yushi and Yushi Zhongcheng, who are the chief constitutional officers of Taiwan, said.They can jointly organize large-scale investigations, and they can also exert influence on various censors during the investigation, but they have no power to order a certain censor what to do or what not to do. The small inspector censor is also equal to the high-ranking doctor censor in terms of power and responsibility.Of course, Taiwan constitutional officials can use other means to interfere with the progress of the investigation of the case, such as fines, impeachments, transfers, etc., but if you encounter a small censor with a strong point.While interfering with the case, Taiwan's constitutional officials must also be prepared for the risk of being backlashed, and the risk is very high.

This system, which is similar to an independent investigator, did not appear in some countries until thousands of years later.And become an important symbol of judicial independence.It is not unreasonable that the bureaucratic system referred to by later generations has been almost perfected in the Tang Dynasty, even if such a system is put into later generations.And few countries can do it.

It's a pity that after Tianbao, due to well-known reasons, Yushitai was almost abolished.The official title of censor can only be used as a title for officials, which is no different from the rank of honor.

Therefore, after Li Chengzhong had a detailed understanding of Datang's Yushitai system, he immediately felt very good, and planned to continue to use this system, which is Li Chengzhong's proposal to reshape Yushitai.

The official position that Li Chengzhong plans to leave to Li Maozhen is Yushi doctor, who is in charge of supervisory affairs and is responsible for impeaching all officials.However, considering Li Maozhen's level of knowledge, he specially transferred two officials in charge of laws and regulations from the Changshi Mansion of King Yan from Youzhou to assist him as Yushi Zhongcheng.

Yushitai needs to act according to the law, but there is only one "Yonghui Shulu" in the Tang Dynasty. If you look at it according to the standards of later generations, "Yonghui Shulu" is all-inclusive, but it falls short of detailed rules. Standard, there is no basis for measures.The same case can be interpreted from various angles, and all of them make sense. The consequence of such a code is that human factors occupy a very important proportion in the judgment of the case.

In response to this situation, as early as the Yingzhou era, Li Chengzhong organized people to split the Yonghui law, drafted special laws for various aspects, enriched and expanded the content of the law, and minimized the space for judging cases based on factors.In Youzhou today, there are already dozens of laws with the suffixes of "decree", "decree" and "guidelines". As long as these things are moved to Luoyang and the name is changed, the legal system of Datang will be basically established. In addition to the lack of a constitution, Li Chengzhong has already asked Wu Zhongzuo to get up from Youzhou and rush to Luoyang.

In addition to reshaping Yushitai, Li Chengzhong placed a lot of burden on Li Maozhen's shoulders. Another important task was to restructure Yushitai.Yushitai is divided into Taiyuan, Dianyuan and Procuratorate. The Taiyuan is in charge of picketing the officials of the central government, the Dianyuan is in charge of the etiquette of picketing officials, and the Procuratorate is in charge of inspecting local officials.This division of institutions is actually to a large extent to decentralize power and prevent Yushitai from forming a monopoly.However, Li Chengzhong felt that with the "committee" system in which each censor would investigate the case together, such a separation of powers would be unnecessary.Therefore, he planned to integrate the three courtyards into one, so that Yushitai would appear in a complete and unified appearance.

Under the Yushitai, there are divisions according to each way, and a central division is added to be responsible for the task of supervising central officials.Each department dispatched a censor to the area in charge to clarify the authority and scope relatively.

In the past, Yushitai also sent censors to the localities to set up one observation and several prefectures to set up inspections.But this method is a bit condescending, not very down-to-earth.The inspector censor stayed in a certain prefecture and county for half a year, then immediately changed places, and stayed in the next prefecture and county for another half a year. It did have a deterrent effect on local officials, but the actual picketing was not strong.On the other hand, the high-ranking observers have too much power, which can easily cause interference with local government affairs. After Tianbao, many observers actually became the highest administrative officials of the same party, and even evolved into Jiedushi. lost.

Li Chengzhong's restructuring is mainly aimed at this point. Generally speaking, it is six words: permanent, rotation, and single-minded.For example, in Hebei Province, the Hebei Observation Office was specially set up. Below the road, each prefecture set up a supervisory office, and even all counties set up an inspectorate office.This is what it means to be permanent, that is, let Yushitai be established directly from the central and Taoist level to the county. Such a move is in the same line as Li Chengzhong's official system in Hebei. The core idea is to shift the power of disposal downward.

In order to prevent the Yushitai yamen from colluding with local officials after staying in one place for too long, it is inevitable to rotate every three years, starting from an observation envoy to the county inspector, no matter how high or small they are, they must be replaced every three years place, this is the rotation system.

As for single-mindedness, to put it simply, it means focusing on supervisory affairs and not participating in local government affairs. To put it bluntly, the censor must concentrate on the work of the censor, and don't try to dictate local affairs, otherwise the supervisor will steal himself, and the supervisory affairs will become decoration.

In the permanent Yushi Yamen, the system of independent case handling is also implemented.For example, the Observatory of Hebei Province has a number of "co-observators" under it, ranging from three to as many as five, who can independently take over the case without being coerced by the chief of the yamen, ensuring that the supervisory agency will not become a monopoly.

Li Maozhen asked a question at the end, why would such an important department be handed over to such a veteran who was born in the army?In this regard, Li Chengzhong explained with a smile, nothing more than three points: first, Li Maozhen has been the king of Qi for a long time, and his family wealth is huge, relatively speaking, it is not easy to delay his duties for money; It is easy to be eroded by the big dye vat of the civil service system; in the end, as long as the national system is perfect, it is the same for anyone who is a censor.

This kind of answer was very straightforward, which made Li Maozhen blush a little, but she was relieved.Li Chengzhong also told Li Maozhen two principles: Do not use public tools for personal gain-this is the most important criterion for investigating cases at Yushitai; only impeachment but not judgment-judging the case must be completed by Dali Temple.

After Li Maozhen left contentedly, Wu Zhongzuo also arrived in Luoyang.There is only one reason why Wu Zhongzuo was called to Luoyang, to establish a court system like Youzhou. Of course, Li Chengzhong followed the system of his dynasty, which was to restore Dali Temple.

The predecessor of Dali Temple was the Ting Wei in the Han Dynasty, and it was a special agency in the Northern Qi Dynasty.During the current dynasty, Dali Temple specialized in the conviction of major cases, and officials participated in all so-called major cases. Therefore, Dali Temple became an institution specializing in the judgment of official cases.However, the authority of Dali Temple is not high, and the judgment of the case needs to be reviewed by the Ministry of Criminal Justice. In many cases, the Yushitai is also involved in the judgment, which is the so-called "three-division joint trial".

Judging cases by state administrative departments is a system that has lasted thousands of years in Chinese history, and the power of judgment lies with the Ministry of Criminal Justice, which is an absolute shackle for judicial independence.What Li Chengzhong wants to reform is to expand the authority of Dali Temple.

On September [-]th, Li Chengzhong issued an edict in the name of Jianguo, and promoted Zhengqing of Dali Temple to the official rank of the third rank, which was higher than Yushi doctor. Like Yushitai, he was not subject to the restraint of Zhengshitang.On the same day, Wu Zhongzuo was ordered to be the Zhengqing of Dali Temple to reorganize Dali Temple.

The new Dali Temple was expanded into a systematic yamen from the central government to local prefectures and counties, with various functional departments under it, and a circuit department was added at the same time.At the local level, there is a three-level court system of the Metropolitan Court, the General Court, and the Branch Courts, which hear and judge cases at the provincial, prefecture, and county levels.The Circuit Division established in Dali Temple is responsible for dispatching circuit courts to tour among counties to wait for appeals against judgments.

Li Chengzhong gave a timetable for the construction of the court system, requiring Wu Zhongzuo to complete the construction of the entire framework within three years. After three years, the judgment power that originally belonged to the Ministry of Punishment will be transferred to Dali Temple. At that time, the entire Tang Dynasty will only have A judging body to achieve the same judgment standard. (To be continued, please search, the novel is better and updated faster!