super robot clone
Chapter 480 Petrodollars
Since the 20s, due to the spread of the economic crisis, the dollar began to depreciate sharply. However, when the United States experienced a trade deficit, it was unable to fulfill its commitment at the previous meeting-the business of exchanging gold.However, the governments and major banks of various countries still position the settlement currency of gold on the U.S. dollar, which makes the U.S. dollar exchange rate and the trend of gold prices have a negative correlation. U.S. dollars are exchanged for value-preserving gold, which makes the price of gold rise.
Under such circumstances, the fixed exchange rate between the US dollar and gold can no longer be implemented.
In 1975, the "self-centered" United States found a relationship that was in line with its own interests - pegged to crude oil.
As a result, the United States and OPEC (including Iraq, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela and other major crude oil exporters) conducted several consultations and finally reached an agreement to trade crude oil in US dollars only.
In other words, the U.S. dollar has become the currency for pricing and settlement of international crude oil, and the rise in crude oil prices will increase the market's demand for U.S. dollar payments, which will lead to an increase in the nominal exchange rate of the United States.
At the same time, the United States is also the world's largest crude oil consumer, so the real exchange rate of the US dollar will also rise accordingly.
This has resulted in the following situation in the market: buying US dollars→buying crude oil→increasing demand for crude oil payment→rising exchange rate.
This is a good thing for the US dollar, but the opposite is true. In fact, the continuous rise in crude oil prices has brought pressure on the rise of the US dollar exchange rate.
That is, the price of crude oil increases → the operating costs of all walks of life increase → the price of other commodities increases → the consumption cost of residents increases → the consumption demand is reduced as much as possible → the consumer confidence index decreases → the US economy shows signs of slowing down or even recession → the exchange rate decreases → the dollar depreciates .
Although the depreciation of the US dollar can promote US exports and stimulate market investment activities to a certain extent, it reduces the willingness of US dollar-denominated crude oil producers to increase production to curb oil prices and drive up oil prices.That is, the depreciation of the US dollar → the decline in the price of crude oil priced in USD → the reduction of production in crude oil producing countries (the market demand has not been reduced) → the shortage of crude oil → the rise of oil prices → the stimulation of speculation in the market → the increase of oil prices → the strengthening of the US dollar exchange rate.
For this reason, the relationship between the US dollar and crude oil has inadvertently started a "seesaw"-like negative correlation journey.
However, the asymmetry of the petrodollar has led to the separation of its rights and obligations. The United States creates rights (dollars) and maintains dollar credit and deterrence (dollar force).Oil-producing countries provide obligations (oil), as long as the US force can still conquer the world, you can exchange anyone's oil resources for holding US dollars.
By locking up oil, Americans enjoy the right to write dollar checks on their debts.It has the obligation to maintain the credit of the dollar and the force of the dollar.
As long as the world's crude oil is still traded in dollars, the oil-based dollar will not collapse.
Once the right to exchange dollars for oil is violated, the United States is obliged to maintain dollar force (deterrence).So even though the Iraq war cost the United States a lot of manpower and material resources.But all activities that challenge the oil standard must be severely cracked down, so the United States is not attacking them for no reason.
The U.S. dollar fails either because the U.S. force is not enough to protect the oil standard, or the U.S. dollar fails due to insufficient credit. In actual international activities, it is almost impossible to fail by force, because as long as there is an oil standard.The United States has the power to gather global forces to combat any activities that challenge the oil standard.
Therefore, it is difficult for the dollar to collapse quickly.
However, the emergence of Jinlong batteries has allowed China and Russia to see the dawn of picking the Americans off the horse.
The upcoming establishment of the Eurasian New Energy Investment Bank is undoubtedly a major challenge to the petrodollar international financial system. As for allocating 30.00% of the shares to raise funds from countries around the world, it is clear that China and Russia have made a choice to make a profit.
Who would not be interested in investing in this bank!
Especially if it is tied to an emerging energy system!
……
Washington, White House conference room.
Ao Guanhai sat at the top of the conference table, Secretary of State Hillary, Secretary of the Treasury Timothy Geithner, Secretary of Defense Leon Panetta, Director of the CIA David Petraeus, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Mike General Mullen, National Security Bureau Director Alexander and other important military and political officials lined up on both sides of the conference table.
Although it has entered the Christmas holidays.But these senior U.S. military and political officials are busier than usual.
The situation in the Middle East is intensifying, and the diplomatic game of various countries has also entered a critical period. Although the United States maintains neutrality on the surface, it pays no less attention to the situation in the Middle East than any of the participating countries.
It's just that the focus of this meeting is not on the Middle East.
The White House secretary handed out the documents one by one to everyone present at the meeting. Soon, the only sound in the conference room was the rustling of the pages when flipping through the documents. .
Secretary of State Hillary responded the fastest. Not long after she read the document, she couldn't help saying: "What's the situation? The Chinese actually want to cooperate with the Russians to build a new energy investment bank?!"
Everyone understands what is behind the so-called new energy investment bank, which means that a brand new international financial system is about to be born.
for a while.Everyone looked up at Ao Guanhai.
Ao Guanhai's complexion was heavy.He nodded and said: "This is the information we just received from Moscow. The elders of China have reached an agreement with Russian President Dmitry Medvedev on a new energy investment bank. The specific cooperation plan is not yet clear, but there is one important point. China has decided to sell some of its shares and raise funds from other countries around the world!"
"What? Are the Chinese crazy?"
"How can they do this? Don't they know how big the interests are behind it?"
"According to the behavior habits of China and Russia. I'm afraid it is really possible."
For a while, there was a lot of discussion in the conference room.
Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner said solemnly: "Mr. President, we must stop the actions of the Chinese! Otherwise, there may be big problems on the European side."
Although Europe is not as far away from the United States as it was in the era of Chirac and Schroeder, the relationship between the United States and Europe is still at a sensitive stage after the previous Aurora incident.If China and Russia let go of investment in the Golden Dragon battery project, then not only Europe, but even hard-core allies such as Japan, South Korea and Australia will be shaken and turn to the embrace of the Sino-Russian alliance.
In this way, the plan to encircle China and Russia may immediately fail, and even the United States may be counter-enclosed.
Ao Guanhai shook his head and smiled wryly: "Stop it? How to stop it? I'm afraid the news has already spread to all countries."
Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner's expression froze and he fell silent. (Want to know more exciting news about "Super Robot Clone"? Open WeChat now, click the "+" sign on the top right, select Add friends to add a public account, search for "Qidianzhongwenwang", follow the public account, and never miss every day The next update!) (to be continued~^~)
Under such circumstances, the fixed exchange rate between the US dollar and gold can no longer be implemented.
In 1975, the "self-centered" United States found a relationship that was in line with its own interests - pegged to crude oil.
As a result, the United States and OPEC (including Iraq, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela and other major crude oil exporters) conducted several consultations and finally reached an agreement to trade crude oil in US dollars only.
In other words, the U.S. dollar has become the currency for pricing and settlement of international crude oil, and the rise in crude oil prices will increase the market's demand for U.S. dollar payments, which will lead to an increase in the nominal exchange rate of the United States.
At the same time, the United States is also the world's largest crude oil consumer, so the real exchange rate of the US dollar will also rise accordingly.
This has resulted in the following situation in the market: buying US dollars→buying crude oil→increasing demand for crude oil payment→rising exchange rate.
This is a good thing for the US dollar, but the opposite is true. In fact, the continuous rise in crude oil prices has brought pressure on the rise of the US dollar exchange rate.
That is, the price of crude oil increases → the operating costs of all walks of life increase → the price of other commodities increases → the consumption cost of residents increases → the consumption demand is reduced as much as possible → the consumer confidence index decreases → the US economy shows signs of slowing down or even recession → the exchange rate decreases → the dollar depreciates .
Although the depreciation of the US dollar can promote US exports and stimulate market investment activities to a certain extent, it reduces the willingness of US dollar-denominated crude oil producers to increase production to curb oil prices and drive up oil prices.That is, the depreciation of the US dollar → the decline in the price of crude oil priced in USD → the reduction of production in crude oil producing countries (the market demand has not been reduced) → the shortage of crude oil → the rise of oil prices → the stimulation of speculation in the market → the increase of oil prices → the strengthening of the US dollar exchange rate.
For this reason, the relationship between the US dollar and crude oil has inadvertently started a "seesaw"-like negative correlation journey.
However, the asymmetry of the petrodollar has led to the separation of its rights and obligations. The United States creates rights (dollars) and maintains dollar credit and deterrence (dollar force).Oil-producing countries provide obligations (oil), as long as the US force can still conquer the world, you can exchange anyone's oil resources for holding US dollars.
By locking up oil, Americans enjoy the right to write dollar checks on their debts.It has the obligation to maintain the credit of the dollar and the force of the dollar.
As long as the world's crude oil is still traded in dollars, the oil-based dollar will not collapse.
Once the right to exchange dollars for oil is violated, the United States is obliged to maintain dollar force (deterrence).So even though the Iraq war cost the United States a lot of manpower and material resources.But all activities that challenge the oil standard must be severely cracked down, so the United States is not attacking them for no reason.
The U.S. dollar fails either because the U.S. force is not enough to protect the oil standard, or the U.S. dollar fails due to insufficient credit. In actual international activities, it is almost impossible to fail by force, because as long as there is an oil standard.The United States has the power to gather global forces to combat any activities that challenge the oil standard.
Therefore, it is difficult for the dollar to collapse quickly.
However, the emergence of Jinlong batteries has allowed China and Russia to see the dawn of picking the Americans off the horse.
The upcoming establishment of the Eurasian New Energy Investment Bank is undoubtedly a major challenge to the petrodollar international financial system. As for allocating 30.00% of the shares to raise funds from countries around the world, it is clear that China and Russia have made a choice to make a profit.
Who would not be interested in investing in this bank!
Especially if it is tied to an emerging energy system!
……
Washington, White House conference room.
Ao Guanhai sat at the top of the conference table, Secretary of State Hillary, Secretary of the Treasury Timothy Geithner, Secretary of Defense Leon Panetta, Director of the CIA David Petraeus, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Mike General Mullen, National Security Bureau Director Alexander and other important military and political officials lined up on both sides of the conference table.
Although it has entered the Christmas holidays.But these senior U.S. military and political officials are busier than usual.
The situation in the Middle East is intensifying, and the diplomatic game of various countries has also entered a critical period. Although the United States maintains neutrality on the surface, it pays no less attention to the situation in the Middle East than any of the participating countries.
It's just that the focus of this meeting is not on the Middle East.
The White House secretary handed out the documents one by one to everyone present at the meeting. Soon, the only sound in the conference room was the rustling of the pages when flipping through the documents. .
Secretary of State Hillary responded the fastest. Not long after she read the document, she couldn't help saying: "What's the situation? The Chinese actually want to cooperate with the Russians to build a new energy investment bank?!"
Everyone understands what is behind the so-called new energy investment bank, which means that a brand new international financial system is about to be born.
for a while.Everyone looked up at Ao Guanhai.
Ao Guanhai's complexion was heavy.He nodded and said: "This is the information we just received from Moscow. The elders of China have reached an agreement with Russian President Dmitry Medvedev on a new energy investment bank. The specific cooperation plan is not yet clear, but there is one important point. China has decided to sell some of its shares and raise funds from other countries around the world!"
"What? Are the Chinese crazy?"
"How can they do this? Don't they know how big the interests are behind it?"
"According to the behavior habits of China and Russia. I'm afraid it is really possible."
For a while, there was a lot of discussion in the conference room.
Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner said solemnly: "Mr. President, we must stop the actions of the Chinese! Otherwise, there may be big problems on the European side."
Although Europe is not as far away from the United States as it was in the era of Chirac and Schroeder, the relationship between the United States and Europe is still at a sensitive stage after the previous Aurora incident.If China and Russia let go of investment in the Golden Dragon battery project, then not only Europe, but even hard-core allies such as Japan, South Korea and Australia will be shaken and turn to the embrace of the Sino-Russian alliance.
In this way, the plan to encircle China and Russia may immediately fail, and even the United States may be counter-enclosed.
Ao Guanhai shook his head and smiled wryly: "Stop it? How to stop it? I'm afraid the news has already spread to all countries."
Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner's expression froze and he fell silent. (Want to know more exciting news about "Super Robot Clone"? Open WeChat now, click the "+" sign on the top right, select Add friends to add a public account, search for "Qidianzhongwenwang", follow the public account, and never miss every day The next update!) (to be continued~^~)
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