History

Chapter 109 Biography of the Huns
The Xiongnu, the Miao descendants of their ancestor Xia Hou's family, were called Chunwei.Above Tang and Yu, there were Shan Rong, Xuan Yun, and Hun Porridge, who lived in the Northern Man and moved with livestock.Its livestock are mostly horses, cattle, and sheep, and its rare animals are donkeys, donkeys, donkeys, 駃騠, 騊駼, and 騱.Migrating by water and grass, Wucheng Guo is always in the field of farming, but each has its own land.No documents, but words as constraints.Children can ride sheep and shoot birds and mice with bows; young adults can shoot foxes and rabbits: use them for food.A soldier can use his bow without a bow, and he can be a cavalry in armor.Its custom is wide to follow the livestock, because shooting and hunting animals is a living business, and urgently, people are accustomed to fighting and attacking to invade. This is their nature.Its long soldiers are bows and arrows, while short soldiers are swords.If it is beneficial, it will advance, if it is unfavorable, it will retreat, and it will run away without shame.Gou Li is not aware of etiquette and righteousness.From the king down, eat salty meat, wear its leather, and wear fur.The strong eat fat and the old eat the rest.Expensive and strong, cheap old and weak.When the father dies, the wife is the stepmother; when the brother dies, the wife is the wife.Its vulgar name is not secret, but there is no surname.

Xia Dao declined, and Gong Liu lost his Ji official, changed to Xirong, and settled in Bin.After more than three hundred years old, Rongdi attacked the great king Danfu, who died and fled to Qixia, and the people of Bin all followed Danfu and took the city of Yan as the Zhou Dynasty.Later, when he was more than a hundred years old, Zhou Xibochang attacked the Wanyi clan.More than ten years later, King Wu conquered Zhou and camped in Luoyi.After more than two hundred years, Zhou Dao declined, and King Mu defeated the dog army, and returned with four white wolves and four white deer.Since then, Huangfu has never arrived.So Zhou Sui made the introduction of punishment.More than 44 years after King Mu, King You of Zhou had a disagreement with Marquis Shen because he favored his concubine Si Si.Shen Hou was angry and together with Quan Rong attacked and killed King You of Zhou under Lishan Mountain, then took Zhou Zhijiao Huo, lived between Jing and Wei, and invaded China.Qin Xianggong rescued Zhou, so King Ping of Zhou went to Fengmo and moved eastward to Luoyi.At that time, Duke Xiang of Qin conquered Rong and reached Qi, where he was first listed as a vassal.In the last sixty-five years, the mountain army and the Yan Yue attacked Qi, and Qi Ligong fought in the suburbs of Qi.In the next [-] years, the mountain army defeated Yan.Yan was in a hurry to Qi, and Duke Huan of Qi attacked the Shan Rong in the north, and the Shan Rong left.After more than [-] years, Rongdi went to Luoyi and defeated King Xiang of Zhou, who fled to Fanyi of Zheng.At the beginning, King Xiang of Zhou wanted to attack Zheng, so he married Rong Di's daughter as his queen, and together with Rong and Di soldiers attacked Zheng.Empress Di was deposed, Empress Di complained, and Queen Xiang's mother called Empress Hui, who had a son and son, and wanted to establish him, so Empress Hui, Empress Di, and Zidai acted as an internal response, opened up Rongdi, and Rongdi got in because of it. King Xiang of Zhou was defeated, and Zidai was established as the emperor.So Rong Di lived in Luhun, and went to Wei in the east, invading, robbing and tyrannizing China.China is sick, so the poets sang that "Rongdi is the response", "Thinly cut down the hunks, as far as Dayuan", "Out of Yu Peng Peng, the city is farther than Shuo Fang".Since King Zhou Xiang lived abroad for four years, he sent an envoy to Jin Dynasty.At the beginning of Jin Wengong's establishment, he wanted to build a hegemony, so he launched a division to attack Rong Zhai, punish Zidai, welcome King Xiang of the Inner Zhou Dynasty, and live in Luoyi.

At that time, Qin and Jin became powerful countries.Duke Wen of Jin fought against Rong Zhai, who lived between Qi and Luo in Hexi, and was named Chi Zhai and Bai Zhai.Duke Mu of Qin was given over to Yu, and the eight kingdoms of Xirong were subject to Qin. Therefore, from the west of Long, there are Rong of Mianzhu, Yirong, Di, and Zhiyuan, and to the north of Qi, Liangshan, Jing, and Qi, there are Yiqu, Dali, Wushi, and Qu Yan Zhirong.In northern Shanxi there are Linhu and Loufan Rong, and in Yanbei there are Donghu and Shanrong.Each of them lives scattered in the valley, has its own ruler, and often gathers more than a hundred soldiers, but they cannot be the same.

Since then, for more than a hundred years, Wei Jiang, Minister of Jin mourning, and Rong Di, and Rong Di went to Jin Dynasty.More than a hundred years later, Zhao Xiangzi broke through the commentary and replaced it with Linhu raccoon.Afterwards, Zhibo was destroyed together with Han and Wei, and the land of Jin was divided. Zhao had Dai and Juzhu to the north, and Wei had Hexi and Shangjun to border the Rong.Later, the army of Yiqu built a city to defend itself, but Qin slightly eroded it. As for King Hui, he pulled out 25 cities of Yiqu.King Hui attacked Wei, and Wei entered Xihe and Shangjun in Qin.During the reign of King Zhao of Qin, King Rong of Yiqu was in conflict with Queen Mother Xuan and had two sons.The Empress Dowager Xuan cheated and killed King Rong of Yiqu in Ganquan, and then launched an army to attack Canyiqu.So Qin had Longxi, Beidi, and Shangjun, and built the Great Wall to resist the Hu.And King Wuling of Zhao also changed the customary Hu clothes, learned to ride and shoot, and defeated Lin Hu and Lou Fan in the north.The Great Wall has been built since the ancient times and under the Yin Mountain, and it has been fortressed up to Gaoque.And set Yunzhong, Yanmen, and Daijun.Afterwards, Yan Youxian took Qin as a pledge to Hu, and Hu believed him very much.When he returned, he attacked and broke Donghu, but Donghu was more than a thousand miles away.The one who assassinated King Qin Wuyang with Jingke is the grandson of Kai.Yan also built the Great Wall from Zaoyang to Xiangping.Set up Shanggu, Yuyang, Youbeiping, Liaoxi, and Liaodong counties to reject Hu.When it is time, the crown will lead to the Seven Warring States Period, and the Three Kingdoms will be on the side of the Xiongnu.Later, when Zhao general Li Mu, the Xiongnu did not dare to enter Zhao's border.Later Qin destroyed the six kingdoms, and the first emperor sent Meng Tian to attack Hu with 44 people from the north, and they all collected the land of Henan.Because the river is a fortress, [-] county towns were built near the river, and they were relocated and garrisoned to fill it.And Tongzhi Road, from Jiuyuan to Yunyang, because of the dangerous side mountains and valleys that can be repaired, it starts from Lintao to Liaodong for more than ten thousand li.He also crossed the river according to the northern holiday of Yangshan Mountain.

At that time, Donghu was strong and Yueshi was prosperous.The Xiongnu Shan Yuyue Touman, Touman was defeated by Qin, and moved north.After more than ten years, Mengtian died, the princes invaded Qin, and China was disturbed. Those who moved to the frontiers of Qin all returned, so the Xiongnu were lenient, and returned to the old fortress on the border between Henan and China.

Shan Yu had a prince named Maodun.Later, someone loved the Yan clan and gave birth to a young son, but Shan Yu wanted to abolish Maodun and set up a young son, so that Maodun was inferior to Yuezhi.Maodun was in Yuezhi, but Touman rushed to attack Yuezhi.Yuezhi wanted to kill Maodun, but Maodun stole his good horse, and rode it to death.Touman thought he was strong and ordered Wanqi to ride.Maodun, as Ming Di, learned to ride and shoot, and ordered: "Those who shoot with Ming Di but do not know how to shoot, will be killed." Hunting birds and beasts, those who do not shoot Ming Di, will be killed.After that, Maodun shoots the good horse by himself with Ming Di, and those who dare not shoot, or those who dare not shoot, Maodun immediately cuts and does not shoot the good horse.Juqingzhi shoots his beloved wife with Mingdi again, the left and right are quite frightened and dare not shoot, so suddenly he beheads him again.After a while, Maodun went out to hunt, and shot at Shan Yushan's horse with Mingdi, both left and right.So Maodun knew that both left and right could be used.Since his father Shanyu Touman hunted, he shot Touman with Mingdi, and his left and right sides also followed Mingdi to shoot and kill Shanyu Touman, and then punished his stepmother, younger brother and ministers who did not obey.Mao Dun established himself as Shan Yu.

After Maodun was established, Donghu was strong at that time. Hearing that Maodun had killed his father to stand on his own, the envoys called him Maodun.Mao Dun asked the officials, and all the officials said: "A thousand-mile horse is also a BMW for the Xiongnu. Don't share it with me."Juqingzhi, Donghu thought that Maodun was afraid of him, so he sent an envoy to call him Maodun, wanting to win Shanyu Yiyan's family.Mao Dun asked the left and right, and the left and right said angrily: "Donghu has no way, but he is looking for the Yan family! Please hit him." Mao Dun said, "Why do you love a woman in a neighboring country?" Dong Hu.The king of Donghu became more arrogant and invaded westward.Between the Xiongnu and the Xiongnu, there is an abandoned land in the middle, where there is no place to live. For more than a thousand miles, each of them lives on the side of Outuo.The Eastern Hu envoy called Mao Dun and said: "The Xiongnu is not able to reach the abandoned land outside the border with us. I want to have it." Mao Dun asked the officials, and the officials said: "This abandoned land, give it to him It’s okay, it’s okay if you don’t give it.” So Maudun said angrily: “The land is the foundation of the country, why should I give it!” All those who say it to me will be cut off.Mao Dun got on his horse and ordered the latter to behead the latter, so he attacked Donghu in the east.At the beginning of Donghu, he took a moment and was not prepared.And Maodun arrived with troops, attacked, and destroyed King Donghu, and captured his people and livestock.After returning, he attacked the Yuezhi in the west, and joined Loufan and Baiyang Henan King in the south.Knowing that the Qin envoy Meng Tian had seized the Xiongnu's land again, and Hanguan, the former Henan Fortress, went to the dynasty Ran Yan and Fu Shi, and then invaded Yan and Dai.At that time, the soldiers of the Han Dynasty were far away from Xiang Yu, and the Chinese were at the end of the military revolution. Because of this, they became self-reliant, and there were more than [-] people who controlled the strings.

From Chunwei to Touman, there are more than a thousand years old, sometimes old and sometimes young, separated and separated, it is still good, but it is not possible to pass it down from generation to generation.However, in Maodun, the Huns were the most powerful, and they obeyed the northern barbarians, while the south and China were enemies, and their official titles handed down from generation to generation can be obtained and remembered.

There are wise kings on the left and right, kings Guli on the left and right, generals on the left and right, captains on the left and right, great households on the left and right, and bone capitals on the left and right.The Xiongnu called the sage "Tuqi", so they often regarded the prince as the king of Zuo Tuqi.From the left and right virtuous kings down to the household, the big ones have ten thousand riders, and the small ones have thousands of riders. Every 24 long, they are called "ten thousand riders".All ministers are world officials.Huyan's, Lan's, and Xubu's later, these three surnames are also of noble origin.The kings of the left side will live in the east, and those who go straight up to the valley will be connected to Huiracoon and North Korea in the east; Divide the land and migrate by water and grass.The left and right sage kings and the left and right Guli kings are the greatest, and the left and right bone capitals are assisted by the Marquis.The 24 chiefs also set up the Qianchang, Baichang, Shichang, Xiaowang, Xiangfeng, Du, Wei as households, and Qiqu respectively.

In the first month of the year, all the elders and children will meet in the courtyard and shrine.In May, there is a meeting in Longcheng to sacrifice its ancestors, heaven and earth, ghosts and gods.Autumn, horse fat, big babble forest, class school human and animal plan.According to the method, the person who draws the sword and ruler will die, and the person who sits on the robber will not enter his home;The long prison is no more than ten days, and the number of prisoners in a country is no more than a few people.And Shan Yu went out of the camp in the morning, worshiped the sun for the first birth, and worshiped the moon in the evening.It sits on the left and goes to the north.Sun Wuji.When he died, he had a coffin, gold, silver, clothes and fur, but no mourning clothes to seal the tree. Fortunately, there were thousands of courtiers and concubines from the dead.Wait for the stars and the moon, when the moon is strong, attack and fight, and when the moon is weak, retreat.When he attacked and fought, he beheaded the captive and gave him a cup of wine, and the brine he got was given to him, and he was regarded as a slave.Therefore, in war, everyone is interested in profit, and is good at luring soldiers to offend the enemy.Therefore, when they see the enemy, they will pursue profit, like a flock of birds; when they are trapped and defeated, they will collapse and the clouds will disperse.Help the dead in battle, and get the family wealth of the dead.

Later, the north conquered the kingdoms of Hunyu, Qushe, Dingling, Gekun, and Xinli.So the nobles and ministers of the Xiongnu all obeyed, and Maodun Shanyu was regarded as a virtuous man.

It was when the Han Dynasty established China at the beginning of the Han Dynasty, and the king of Han moved to Xin Yudai, and the capital was Mayi.The Xiongnu attacked and besieged Mayi, and Han Wangxin surrendered to the Xiongnu.The Xiongnu won the trust, and because they led their troops to the south, they attacked Taiyuan and went to Jinyang.Gao Di sent his troops to attack him.In winter, it was very cold, rainy and snowy, and those who died were twelve or three, so they took a break and fled to lure Han soldiers.The Han soldiers attacked Maodun one after another, and Maodun hid his elite soldiers. Seeing that he was weak, the Han recruited more infantry, 32, and chased them north.Gao Di went to Pingcheng first, but the infantry had not yet arrived. Mao Dunzong's 40 elite soldiers surrounded Gao Di at Baideng.For the Xiongnu to ride, there are white horses in the west, green horses in the east, black horses in the north, and guinea horses in the south.Gaodi envoy Jian Hou left the Yan clan, and the Yan clan called Mao Dun and said: "The two masters are not in trouble with each other. Now that we have the land of Han, Shan Yu will not be able to live in it in the end. And the King of Han also has a spirit, and Shan Yu observed it. "Modun and Han Wangxin's generals Wang Huang and Zhao Liqi, but Huang and Li's soldiers did not come. They suspected that they had a conspiracy with Han, and they also took Yan's words as a corner of the siege.So Gaodi's envoys all held Fu Shi's foreign country, went straight out from Jiejiao, and joined the army, and Maodun led the troops away.The Han Dynasty also led troops to stop, and Liu Jing made a marriage agreement.

It was after Han Wangxin became the general of the Xiongnu, and Zhao Li, Wang Huang and others made several appointments to invade Dai and Yunzhong.After a while, Chen Xi rebelled, and conspired with Han Xin to attack Dai.The Han Dynasty sent Fan Kuai to attack it, and returned to Badai, Yanmen, and Yunzhong counties without going out of the fortress.At that time, the Xiongnu surrendered with the generals of the Han Dynasty, so Maodun often came and went to invade and steal the land.Therefore, the Han Dynasty suffered from it. Emperor Gao sent Liu Jing to honor the princess of the clan as the Shan Yuyan family. Every year, he served the Huns with a certain amount of wine, rice and food.Later Yan Wang Lu Wan rebelled and led thousands of his party to surrender to the Xiongnu, traveling to the east of Kushanggu.

When Gaozu died, Xiaohui, and Empress Dowager Lu, the Han Dynasty was established at the beginning, so the Huns were proud.Mao Dun is a high-ranking posthumous book, and he speaks nonsense.Empress Gao wanted to attack him, but the generals said: "Emperor Gao is a virtuous warrior, but he is still trapped in Pingcheng." So empress Gao stopped and made peace with the Xiongnu again.

At the beginning of Emperor Xiaowen's establishment, he resumed the marriage.In May of the third year, King Youxian of the Huns entered Henan, invaded and robbed the barbarians of Baosai in Shangjun, and killed the people.So Emperor Xiaowen ordered Guan Ying, the prime minister, to set off on a chariot and ride [-] horses, to be a high slave, and to hit the right sage king.King Youxian walked out of the fortress.Emperor Wen was lucky to be in Taiyuan.It was time for King Jibei to rebel, Emperor Wen returned, and the prime minister was dismissed to attack Hu's soldiers.

In the next year, Shan Yu left a Han book saying: "The Hun Grand Shan Yu, who was established by heaven, asked the emperor whether he was safe or not. In the past, the emperor talked about his marriage, saying that he was happy with the book. The Han border officials invaded and insulted the Youxian King. After listening to Hou Yi Lu Hou Nan's plan, he kept a distance from the Han officials, broke the agreement between the two masters, and separated from the relatives of the brothers. The emperor asked the letter to come again, and sent the envoy to report it in the book. Therefore, if there is no harmony, the neighboring countries will not attach. Now because of the failure of the small officials, the Right Wise King will be punished and sent to the west to seek the Yue clan to attack him. With the blessing of heaven, the officials will be good, and the horses will be strong. Beheaded and sent down. Dingloulan, Wusun, Hujie and the 26 neighboring countries are all regarded as Xiongnu. All the people who lead the bow are one family. Beizhou has been established. May the soldiers rest and raise horses. Apart from the past, Restoring the old covenant, to secure the border people, to respond to the ancient times, so that the young can grow up, the old can live in peace, and the world will be peaceful and happy. The emperor's ambition has not yet been achieved, so I asked the doctor Xi Yuqian to send a letter and offer him a gift. One horse, two horses, and two fours. The emperor does not want the Xiongnu to come near the fortress, so he will order the officials and the people to stay away. When the envoy arrives, he will be sent." In the middle of June, he came to the place of hope.When the book arrives, it is convenient for the Han Dynasty to discuss whether to attack or make peace.All the ministers said: "Shan Yuxin broke the Yue clan, took advantage of the victory, and could not be attacked. And he won the land of the Xiongnu, Zelu, and it is not a place to live. It is very convenient to make a marriage." Han Xuzhi.

In the first six years of Emperor Xiaowen, the Xiongnu book left by the Han Dynasty said: "The emperor respectfully asked the Xiongnu Da Shanyu to be safe. The envoy Xie Yuqian left me a letter saying: "You Xianwang does not invite, listen to Houyi Luhou Nanshi and other plans, never The covenant between the two lords, the relationship between the two masters, the relationship between the brothers, the Han Dynasty is not peaceful, and the neighboring countries are not attached. Now the small officials have broken the covenant, so the right virtuous king was punished to attack the Yue clan in the west, and it was decided. May the soldiers rest and the soldiers raise horses, Get rid of the past, restore the old agreement, and secure the border people, so that the young can grow up, the old can live in peace, and the world will be peaceful and happy.' I am very grateful, this is the meaning of the ancient sage. The Han and the Xiongnu are brothers, Therefore, the legacy is very thick. Those who have left their brothers’ relatives are often in the Xiongnu. However, the matter of the right sage king has already been pardoned, so Shan Yu should not be punished deeply. If Shan Yu said the meaning of the book, he would tell all the officials clearly so that he would not be held responsible. Covenant, faith, respect as Shan Yu's book. The envoy said that Shan Yu would have made great achievements in conquering the country, and it was very difficult to fight in the army. Wear embroidered robes, embroidered robes, brocade robes, one each, and gold ornaments One belt, one gold xuan, ten pieces of embroidery, thirty pieces of brocade, forty pieces each of red silk and green silk, so that the Chinese doctor will leave it on his shoulders.”

After a while, Mao Dun died, and Ziji porridge was established, and he was called Old Shang Shanyu.

The old Shangji Porridge Shanyu was established at the beginning, and Emperor Xiaowen repatriated the princess of the clan as Shanyu Yanshi, and sent the eunuch Yanren Zhongxing to speak of Princess Fu.If you don't want to do it, Han will make it.He said: "I must do it. I am a patient of the Han Dynasty." Since Zhongxing said it, he was very close to Shanyu because of his surrender.

In the early days, when the Xiongnu was a good man who made food, Zhongxing said: "The Huns cannot be a county of Han. However, the strong ones have different food and clothing, and they have nothing to look up to the Han. Today, it is only about changing the vulgar and good men. The Han things are nothing more than nothing." Second, the Xiongnu will all belong to the Han. They get the Han fluff, and use it to ride among the grass thorns. It’s so beautiful.” So he preached to Chanyu to make notes on his left and right, so as to teach him, his people, and his animals.

The Shanyu book left by the Han Dynasty, the slip is one inch in size, and the speech said: "The emperor respectfully asks the Xiongnu Da Shanyu to be safe", the relics and words are like this.The Bank of China said that Ling Shanyu left the Han books with two feet and two inches, and the seals were all Ling Dachang. He said arrogantly, "The Hun Da Shan Yu, the birthday and the month of the heavens and the earth, asked the Emperor of Han if he is safe." So the words of the relics are also like this.

The Han envoy might say: "The Xiongnu are vulgar and despised the old." The Bank of China said that the poor Han envoy said: "The Han custom is to be stationed in the army and serve in the army. How can the old relatives not take off their warmth and fatness to send food and drink to the garrison?" The Han envoy said: "Yes." Zhong Xing said: "The Xiongnu's mission is to fight and attack. They are old and weak and can't fight. Therefore, those who are fat and healthy are used as guards. In this way, father and son can protect each other for a long time. Why? Do you say that the Xiongnu despise the old?” The Han envoy said: “The Xiongnu father and son lie in the same hut. When the father dies, his wife will be his stepmother; : "In the custom of the Huns, people eat animal meat, drink its juice, and wear its skin; animals eat grass and drink water, and move them around at any time. Therefore, if they are anxious, people will learn to ride and shoot, and if they are lenient, they will enjoy themselves. Monarchs and ministers are simple, and the government of a country is like a body. When a father, son, and brother die, take their wives and wives, and the loss of caste is also evil. Therefore, although the Huns are chaotic, they must establish a clan. Although China does not take the wives of their fathers and brothers in detail, the relatives are sparse. Then kill each other, and even change surnames, all follow this category. Moreover, due to the poor etiquette and righteousness, there are grievances between the upper and lower levels, and the house and the house are extremely vigorous, and they must be defeated. Husbands work hard to cultivate mulberry for food and clothing, and build walls to prepare for themselves, so they If the people are in a hurry, they will not practice military exploits, and if they are slow, they will stop doing their homework. People who live in the earthen house don't care much about it, and make them chatter and occupy themselves, so why should the crown be solid?"

Since then, when the envoys of the Han Dynasty wanted to debate, Zhong Xing said: "The envoys of the Han Dynasty don't have much to say. Gu Han sent the rice and glutinous rice cakes from the Xiongnu to the Huns, so that they must be good and beautiful. Why do you say that? And what? If you are prepared to be good, you are done; if you are not prepared, if you are suffering and evil, you will wait for autumn, and you will be able to harvest crops with horses and gallops." Day and night teach Shanyu to wait for the advantages and disadvantages.

In the 14th year of Emperor Xiaowen of the Han Dynasty, the Xiongnu entered Ranyan and Xiaoguan with 14 riders alone, killed the northern capital Weiyang, captured a lot of people's livestock, and then went to Pengyang.Let the strange soldiers enter and burn back to the central palace, and wait to ride to Yongganquan.So Emperor Wen took Lieutenant Zhou She and Lang Zhongling Zhang Wu as generals, sent out a thousand chariots, and rode a hundred thousand, and the army commander stood by to prepare for the Hu Kou.Lu Qing, Marquis of Baichang, was General of Shangjun, Marquis of Ning, Wei Wei, General of Beidi, Marquis of Longli, Zhouzao, Marquis of Longxi, Marquis of Dongyang, Zhang Xiangru, Marquis of Dongyang, Marquis of Cheng, Dong Chi, was former General, and Dafa rode to attack Hu.Shanyu stayed in the fortress for more than a month and then went, and the Han returned after being expelled from the fortress, and no one could be killed.The Xiongnu were already arrogant, and when they entered the frontier every year, they killed a lot of people and livestock, especially in Yunzhong and Liaodong, and there were more than [-] people in Daijun.The Han suffered from it because the envoys left the Huns' books.Shan Yu also asked the person in charge to thank him and renew his marriage.

In the second year after Emperor Xiaowen, the envoy left a letter to the Xiongnu saying: "The emperor respectfully asks the Xiongnu Da Shan Yu to be safe. The envoy is in charge of the house and lives in Diaoqu, and the two horses left by Langzhong Han and Liao have arrived. Please accept them. The first emperor system: To the north of the Great Wall, the country that draws the bow, is ordered by Shan Yu; within the Great Wall, the house with the crown and belt, I also control it. Let all the people farm, weave, shoot, hunt, clothe and eat, father and son are not separated, ministers and masters live in peace, and there is no violence. The people are greedy for the benefits of their advancement, double the righteousness and break the contract, forget the fate of the people, and leave the joy of the two masters, but the matter is already ahead. The book says: "The two countries have made peace, and the two masters say it happily, and the soldiers will stop and die. Breeding horses will bring happiness to the world, and it will be a new beginning.' I am very fond of it. The sages are renewed every day, and they are changed to a new beginning, so that the old can rest and the young can grow up, and each can keep his leader for the rest of his life. I and Shan Yu are both From this point of view, follow the heavens to be compassionate to the people, pass it on from generation to generation, and give it endlessly, and there is nothing in the world. Sixu Tuo's life is very old. Today, Da'an is in peace, and the people are prosperous. Shanyu and I are the parents. I recall the past, the details of the past, and the mistakes of the counselors, are not enough to leave the joy of brothers. I heard that the sky is not overturned , The land is not biased. Both Shanyu and I donate to the small things, and both walk the road, fall into the evil before, and try to live long, so that the people of the two countries will be like one family. The people of the Yuan Yuan, the fish and turtles at the bottom, the birds at the top, and walk on their feet Beak breath, wriggling, and the like, all of them are dangerous. Therefore, there are more than ones who come, and the way of heaven. They all go to the previous events: I released the fugitives, Shanyu Wuyan Zhangni, etc. I heard that the ancient emperors, The agreement is clear and there is no breach of promise. Shanyu Liuzhi, the world is safe, and after the marriage, the Han Dynasty is not the first. Shanyu Qi observes it."

Shanyu made a marriage agreement, so he made an imperial edict and said: "The Xiongnu Da Shanyu left me a letter, saying that the marriage has been decided, and the dead are not enough to benefit the vast land. The Xiongnu will not enter the fortress, and the Han will not leave the fortress. Anyone who breaks the current agreement will be killed." It is convenient to have a long-term relationship, and there will be no blame in the future. I have promised it. It will be announced to the world so that it will be known."

Four years later, the old Shangji Porridge Shanyu died, and Zi Junchen made him Shanyu.Once established, Emperor Xiaowen made peace with the Xiongnu again.And the Bank of China said it was going to be done.

Shan Yuli, a military official, was four years old, and the Xiongnu resigned from marriage. They marched into Shangjun and Yunzhong each with [-] horsemen, and killed a few of them.So the Han Dynasty sent three generals to station the army in the north, Dai stationed Juzhu, Zhao stationed Feihukou, and each of the borders also stood firm to prepare for the Hu bandits.Also set up three generals, Army Commander Anxi Xiliu, Weibei Thorny Gate, and Bashang to prepare for Hu.Hu Qi enters the side of the sentence, and the beacon fire passes through Ganquan and Chang'an.After a few months, the Han soldiers went to the border, and the Xiongnu also went to the far fortress, so did the Han soldiers.After more than a year, Emperor Xiaowen died, Emperor Xiaojing was established, and King Zhao Sui Naiyin sent people to the Xiongnu.Wu Chufan wanted to conspire with Zhao to enter the border.The Han Dynasty defeated Zhao, and the Xiongnu also stopped.Since then, Emperor Xiaojing made peace with the Xiongnu again, passed through the customs city, and sent the princess to the Xiongnu, as promised.At the end of the Xiaojing period, when the time is small, there are no big bandits.

The current emperor is on the throne, Ming and his relatives are restrained, treated generously, passed through the customs, and given it to him.The Xiongnu were all pro-Han since Shanyu and traveled to and from the Great Wall.

Nie Weng, a servant of Mayi, the envoy of the Han Dynasty, treacherous orchids made a deal with the Xiongnu, and in detail he sold the city of Mayi to lure Shanyu.Shan Yu believed in it, and was greedy for property in Mayi, so he rode [-] horses into Wuzhou Fortress.The Han army ambushed more than [-] troops beside Mayi, the imperial historian Han Anguo served as the guard, and the four generals guarded Shanyu.After Shan Yu had entered Hansai, he had not yet reached Mayi for more than a hundred li. He saw livestock in the wild and had no one to shepherd him. He was surprised and attacked the pavilion.At that time, Wei Shi of Yanmen was on his way. He saw the bandits and kept this pavilion. He knew the strategy of the Han soldiers. Shan Yu got it and wanted to kill him.Shan Yu was startled and said, "I doubt it." He led his troops back.He came out and said: "I have Wei Shi, the sky is also like an angel." Take Wei Shi as the "king of heaven".The Han soldiers were about to enter the city of Ma, but they did not arrive, so the Han soldiers had nothing to gain.General Wang Hui of the Han Dynasty went out to attack Hu Yizhong. He heard that Shan Yu had returned, and there were too many soldiers, so he dared not go out.The Han Dynasty used Hui to build troops but failed to advance, and cut Hui.Since then, the Xiongnu have never made peace with each other, attacked the roads, and often invaded and robbed the Han side, innumerable.However, the Xiongnu were greedy, favored the city of Leguan, and were addicted to the property of the Han, and the Han Dynasty also favored the city of Guan.

In the autumn of the fifth year after Mayi's army, the four generals of the Han Dynasty sent ten thousand riders each to attack Huguan City.General Wei Qing went out of Shanggu to Longcheng, where he took 700 captives.Gongsun He came out of the clouds and got nothing.When Gongsun Ao left Dai Commandery, Hu defeated more than [-] men.Li Guang came out of Yanmen and was defeated by the Huns, while the Huns were born in Guang, and the Queen of Guang died and returned.The Han prisoners Ao and Guang, Ao and Guang were redeemed as common people.In the winter, the Xiongnu invaded the border, especially in Yuyang.General Han Anguo, the envoy of the Han Dynasty, stationed in Yuyang to prepare Hu.In the autumn of the next year, [-] Xiongnu rode into the Han Dynasty and killed the prefect of Liaoxi, about [-] people.Hu defeated the Yuyang Taishou army with more than a thousand men, besieging the Han general Anguo, and when Anguo was over a thousand horsemen were exhausted, Huiyan rescued them, and the Xiongnu went away.The Xiongnu entered Yanmen again and killed more than a thousand people.So the general Wei Qing of the Han Dynasty sent [-] horses out of Yanmen, and Li Xi went out of Daijun to attack Hu.Thousands of people were captured.The next year, Wei Qing returned to the west of Yunzhong and went to Longxi, and attacked Hu Zhiloufan and Baiyang Wang in Henan, taking thousands of Hu heads and more than a million cattle and sheep.So the Han Dynasty took the land of Henan, built Shuofang, and restored the old fortification made by Meng Tian in Qin Dynasty, because the river was solid.Han also abandoned Shipi County in Shanggu to make Yang land for Hu.It is the year, the second year of Yuanshuo in Han Dynasty.

In the following winter, Shan Yu, a military official of the Xiongnu, died.Yi Zhixie, the younger brother of Shanyu the army minister, established himself as Shanyu, and defeated the Shanyu prince Yudan.Yu Shan died and surrendered to the Han, and the Han granted Yu Shan the title of Marquis of She'an, and died within a few months.

After Yizhixie Shanyu was established, in the summer, tens of thousands of Xiongnu cavalry came to kill Gongyou, the prefect of Daijun, and a little over a thousand people.In the autumn, the Xiongnu entered Yanmen again and killed more than a thousand people.The next year, the Xiongnu returned to Daijun, Dingxiang, and Shangjun, each with [-] horsemen, and killed a few thousand people.The Right Wise King of the Xiongnu resented the Han for seizing the Henan land and built Shuofang. The number of them was bandits, who robbed the border and entered Henan, invaded Shuofang, and killed all the officials and people.

In the spring of the next year, the Han Dynasty took Wei Qing as the general, and sent six generals, more than 5000 people, out of Shuofang and Gaoque to attack Hu.King Youxian thought that the Han soldiers could not come, so he got drunk, and the Han soldiers went out for six or seven hundred miles to surround Youxian king at night.King Youxian was shocked and fled away, followed by all the fine cavalry.There were [-] men and women in the Youxian King of Han Dynasty, and more than ten Xiaowangs.In the autumn, the Xiongnu Wanqi entered and killed Zhu Ying, the captain of Daijun, and there were more than a thousand people.

In the spring of next year, the Han repatriated the great general Wei Qing with six generals and more than [-] cavalry. More than three thousand riders.The right general Jian was able to escape, but the former general Xihou Zhao Xin was at a disadvantage and surrendered to the Xiongnu.Zhao Xin, the former Hu Xiaowang, descended to Han, and the Han was granted the title of Xihou. The former general and the right general joined the army and branched out. He met Shan Yubing alone, so he died.Shanyu, who had acquired Xihou, thought he was the next king, and used his sister and wife to seek Han.Believers in religion were singled out in Yibei, in order to lure out the Han soldiers, and take them from the extreme, without any near barriers.Just count on it.In the next year, Hu Qi will enter Shanggu with thousands of people and kill hundreds of people.

In the spring of the next year, the Han sent General Hussars Qubing to send Wanqi out of Longxi, and crossed Yanzhi Mountain for more than a thousand miles to attack the Xiongnu.In the summer, General Hushi and Heqihou tens of thousands of horses rode out of Longxi and North for two thousand li to attack the Xiongnu.After crossing Juyan, he attacked Qilian Mountains, capturing more than 4000 prisoners from the head of Hu, and more than [-] people under Xiaowang.At that time, the Xiongnu also came to Daijun and Yanmen, killing hundreds of people.Han envoys Bo Wanghou and General Li went out to Youbeiping to attack the Xiongnu Zuo Xianwang.King Zuo Xian besieged General Li, and the number of soldiers could be [-]. If he was exhausted, it would be too much to kill captives.Will Bowang Hou Jun rescue, General Li has to get off.Thousands of people were lost in the Han Dynasty. After the Marquis of Heqi, the general period of Hussars, and the Marquis of Bowang, they should all die and be redeemed as common people.

In the autumn, Shanyu Nuhunxie King and Xiutu King who lived in the west were killed tens of thousands of captives by the Han Dynasty, and they wanted to call them for execution.King Hunxie and King Xiutu were terrified and planned to surrender to the Han, and the Han sent General Hussars to meet them.King Hunxie killed King Xiutu and sent them all to Han.Where there are more than [-] people, the number is [-].So the Han Dynasty had already won the Hunxie King, and the Hun Kou in Longxi, Beidi, and Hexi were lessened, and they moved to the poor places in the Guandong to seize the Xiongnu in Henan and the new Qin Dynasty.The next year, the Xiongnu entered Youbeiping and Dingxiang, each with tens of thousands of horsemen, and killed a little over a thousand people.

In the spring of the next year, Han Mou said, "Xihou Xin is Shan Yuji, who lives in the north of the curtain, thinking that Han soldiers cannot come."It is a millet horse, with 14 riders, and [-] horses are privately owned, and the grain is not enough.Order General Qing and General Hussars to divide the army in Qubing. The generals will go out of Dingxiang, and Generals of Hussars will come out to attack the Xiongnu.Shan Yu heard about it, far away from his baggage, and waited in the northern part of the screen with elite soldiers.One day of fighting with the general of the Han Dynasty, at dusk, when a strong wind blew up, the Han soldiers surrounded Shanyu on the left and right wings.Shan Yu himself could not fight like a Han soldier, so Shan Yu fled to the northwest with hundreds of Zhuang cavalry and defeated the Han encirclement.The Han soldiers could not chase him at night.He beheaded and captured the Xiongnu's captives at the level of ten thousand and nine thousand, and returned to Zhao Xincheng in Tianyan Mountain in the north.

Shan Yuzhi fled, and his soldiers often messed up with the Han soldiers and followed Shan Yu.Shan Yu did not get along with the people for a long time, and his King You Guli thought that Shan Yu was dead, so he established himself as Shan Yu.The true Chanyu regained his congregation, and the Right Guli King lost his Shanyu title, and became the Right Guli King again.

General Hussars of the Han Dynasty came out for more than two thousand li, and fought with King Zuo Xian.The hussars were enfeoffed in Langjuxu Mountain, Zen Guyan, and returned to Hanhai.

It was after the Huns fled far away, but there was no royal court in the south of the curtain.The Handu River runs from the west of Shuofang to Lingju, and often passes through the canal to buy fields. There are 6 or [-] officials and soldiers, who eat a little bit, and connect to the north of the Xiongnu.

At the beginning, the two generals of the Han Dynasty went out to encircle Shanyu, killing tens of thousands of captives and imports, and tens of thousands of Han soldiers and soldiers, and more than [-] Han horses died.Although the Xiongnu were sick, they went far away, and the Han Dynasty had few horses, so there was no way to return.The Xiongnu used Zhao Xin's strategy to send envoys to Han, so that they could resign and make peace.The emperor made his proposals, either talking about making peace, or saying that he would follow his ministers.Prime Minister Ren Chang said: "The Huns are newly broken and trapped. It is appropriate to make them foreign ministers and invite them to the side." The Han envoy Ren Chang Yu Shanyu.Shan Yu was furious when he heard that he had opened his plan, so he stayed behind.First of all, the Han Dynasty also had envoys who descended from the Huns, and Shan Yu also stayed with the Han envoys.The Han side recovered soldiers and horses, and the general Hussars died of illness, so the Han did not attack Hu in the north for a long time.

A few years old, Yi Zhixie died in the 13th year of Li, and Zi Wuwei became Shan Yu.It is the year, the third year of the Yuanding of the Han Dynasty.Uwei Shan Yuli, while the emperor of Han began to patrol prefectures and counties.After that, the Han Dynasty punished the two Yues in the south, but did not attack the Xiongnu, and the Xiongnu did not invade the frontier.

In the third year of Wuwei Danyuli's reign, the Han Dynasty had destroyed Nanyue. He sent his old servant, He Jiang, to ride more than [-] miles out of Jiuyuan, and returned to Fujujing. There was not a single Hun.The Han Dynasty sent the old man from Hunhou Zhao Ponu more than ten thousand riders to live thousands of miles, and returned to the Xiong River, but there was no Hun.

It was time for the Son of Heaven to patrol the border, and when he arrived at Shuofang, he reined in 18 cavalry to see the Martial Festival, and made Guo Jifeng report to Shanyu.When Guo Ji arrived at the Xiongnu, the host and the guest of the Huns asked the envoy. Guo Jili said kindly, saying: "I saw Shan Yu and said it with my mouth." When Shan Yu saw Ji, Ji said: "The head of the king of Nanyue has hung in the northern Han Dynasty. Today Shanyu was able to fight the Han in front, and the Son of Heaven sent his troops to the side; Shanyu was unable to do so, that is, he faced the south and surrendered to the Han. Why do you go far away, and perish in the cold, bitter and dry land in the north of the curtain, there is no need to do it." But Shan Yu was furious, and immediately beheaded the host and guest witnesses, and Guo Ji was left behind, and moved to Beihai.But Shan Yu finally refused to be a bandit on the border of Han, rested and rested on horses, learned to shoot and hunt, and sent envoys to Han, willingly begging for peace.

The Han envoy Wang Wu and others spied on the Xiongnu.According to the law of the Huns, envoys of the Han Dynasty who had to go to festivals and tattoo their faces with ink were not allowed to enter the Qionglu.Wang Wu, a native of the north, is accustomed to the customs of Hu, and he gets rid of his festivals and tattoos on his face, so he can enter the Qionglu.Shan Yu Aizhi, promised Ganyan in detail, in order to send his prince into Han as a hostage, in order to seek peace.

The Han envoy Yang believed in the Xiongnu.At that time, the Han Dynasty pulled out the dirty raccoon dogs in the east, and the North Korea was regarded as a county, and Jiuquan County was set up in the west to cut off the road between the Hu and the Qiang.The Han Dynasty went west to Yuezhi and Daxia, and used the princess's wife, King Wusun, to divide the Xiongnu's aid to the west.In addition, from Yiguangtian to Xunlei in the north, the Xiongnu did not dare to say anything.It was the year when Xihou Xin died, and those who used affairs in the Han Dynasty regarded the Xiongnu as weak, so they could be obeyed.Yang Xin is upright and submissive, he has never been a noble minister, and he is not close to Shan Yu.Shan Yu wanted to be called in, but refused to go to the festival, so Shan Yu sat outside the dome to meet Yang Xin.When Yang Xin saw Shan Yu, he said, "I want to get married, and I want to take Shan Yu's crown prince as a pledge to the Han." Shan Yu said, "It's not an old agreement. It's an old agreement. The Han often sent the Lord Weng to give Zenxu some good food. To make peace, and the Xiongnu will not disturb the border. Now I want to go against the ancients, and I will make my prince a hostage, and there are not many people." The custom of the Huns, seeing that the Han envoys are not middle-class nobles, who are Confucianists, think that they want to speak, and break their arguments; their youth, If you want to stab, break your spirit.Every Han sent envoys to the Huns, and the Huns always repaid them.The Han Dynasty stayed with the Xiongnu envoys, and the Xiongnu also stayed with the Han envoys.

After Yang Xin returned, the Han envoy Wang Wu, and Shan Yu flattered and flattered him, wanting to get more property from the Han, so he called Wang Wu and said, "I want to go to Han to see the Son of Heaven, and we will meet each other as brothers." Wang Wu returned to report to Han, Han Wei Shanyu built his residence in Chang'an.The Xiongnu said: "I have to be entrusted by the nobles of the Han Dynasty, and I will not speak with sincerity." The Xiongnu sent the nobles to the Han Dynasty, who were ill, and the Han gave them medicine. They wanted to heal them, but unfortunately died.And the Han envoy Lu Chongguo wore two thousand stone seals and ribbons to the envoy, and because he was sent to his funeral, he was buried with thousands of gold, saying, "This Han nobleman is also."Shan Yu thought that the Han killed our noble envoy, so he left the way to fill the country and never return.From what you said, Shanyu Tekongling Wang Wu had no intention of entering the Han Dynasty and sending the crown prince as a hostage.So the Xiongnu envoys sent surprise soldiers to invade the frontier.Han Nai worshiped Guo Chang as the general who pulled out Hu, and Zhuo Yehou Tunshuofang east, prepared Hu.Lu Chongguo stayed with the Xiongnu for three years, and Shan Yu died.

Uwei Shanyuli died at the age of ten, and Zi Wushilu became Shanyu.When he was young, his name was Er Shanyu.It is the sixth year of Yuanfeng.From then on, in the northwest of Shanyu Yi, the soldiers on the left went straight to Yunzhong, and the soldiers on the right went straight to Jiuquan and Dunhuang County.

Shan Yuli, the son of the Han Dynasty, sent two envoys, one hanging Shan Yu, and the other hanging the right sage king, trying to subdue his country.The envoys entered the Xiongnu, and the Xiongnu sent them to Chanyu.Shan Yu was furious and left Han envoys.The Han envoys stayed with the Xiongnu for more than ten generations, and when the Hun envoys came, the Han also stayed there.

This year, the Han Dynasty sent General Ershi General Guangli to attack Dawan in the west, and General Yinzhu Aozhu was ordered to accept the surrender of the city.In the winter, the Xiongnu suffered heavy rain and snow, and many livestock died of hunger and cold.Er Shanyu is young and easy to kill, and the people of the country are very uneasy.Captain Zuo wanted to kill Shan Yu, so he sent people to tell Han, saying: "I want to kill Shan Yu and surrender to Han. If Han is far away, the soldiers will come to meet me, and I will attack." At the beginning, Han heard this, so they built the city of Shoujiang, thinking that Far.

In the spring of the next year, the Han envoy Zhuoye Hou Ponu rode more than [-] people out of Shuofang for more than [-] li to the northwest of Shuofang, and returned to Junji Mountain.The Marquis of Zhuoye returned at the end of the day, and the captain of Zuo Dawei felt that he wanted to attack him, so Shan Yu punished him and sent troops from the left to attack Zhuoye.The Marquis of Zhuoye went on a journey to arrest the chief and took thousands of prisoners.Also, before reaching the surrendered city for four hundred miles, the Huns surrounded it with [-] cavalry.Zhuoyehou went out to ask for water at night, and the Xiongnu arrested him. He was born as Zhuoyehou, because he attacked his army in a hurry.In the army, Guo Zong was the protector, and King Wei was the canal. They conspired with each other and said: "As for the school lieutenants who fear the death of the general and punish him, don't persuade them to return." The army then fell to the Xiongnu.The Xiongnu Shanyu was overjoyed, so he sent a strange army to attack the surrendered city.If you can't get off, the Kou enters the border and goes away.The next year, Shan Yu wanted to attack the surrendered city by himself, but before he arrived, he died of illness.

Er Shan Yuli died at the age of three.When the son was young, the Xiongnu made his father, Uwe Shanyu, and his younger brother, the right virtuous king Kulihu, the Shanyu.It is the third year of Taichu.

Shan Yuli of Huli Lake, the Han sent Guanglu Xu Ziwei out of Wuyuan fortress for hundreds of miles, and those farther away were more than a thousand miles away, and built a city with pavilions to Luqu, and sent the guerrilla general Han Shuo and Changping Marquis Weikang to garrison it. Next to it, Lu Bode, the captain of the strong crossbow, built his residence on Yanze.

In the autumn, the Xiongnu invaded Dingxiang and Yunzhong, killed a few thousand people, defeated two thousand stones and left, destroying the city and pavilions built by Guanglu.He also sent You Xianwang to Jiuquan and Zhangye, with a few thousand people.He will be rescued by Wen Wen, and he will lose all his gains and go away.This year, the general Ershi defeated Dawan, beheaded its king and returned.The Xiongnu wanted to cover it, but could not come.In the winter, if he wanted to attack the surrendered city, Shan Yu would die of illness.

Shan Yuli of Quli Lake died at the age of one.The Xiongnu appointed his younger brother Zuo Daduwei and the Marquis of Da as Shanyu.

The Han Dynasty not only punished Dawan, but also shocked foreign countries.The Son of Heaven wanted to trap Hu, so he issued an edict saying: "Emperor Gao left me with the worries of Pingcheng, and Shan Yushu was absolutely rebellious when he was Empress Gao. In the past, Duke Xiang of Qi restored the dominion of the ninth generation, and the Spring and Autumn Period was great." It was the fourth year of Taichu.

And the Marquis Shanyu was established, and he returned to the Han so that he would not surrender.Lu Chongguo waited to return.Shan Yuchu stood up, fearing that the Han would attack him, so he said to himself, "My son, dare to look at the emperor of Han! The emperor of Han, my father-in-law can do it."The Han Dynasty sent Zhonglang to bribe Su Wuhou to Shan Yu.Shan Yu was arrogant and courteous, which was not what the Han expected.Next year, Zhuoye Hou Ponu will perish and return to Han.

The next year, the Han sent General Guangli of Ershi to go out of Jiuquan with 5000 riders, hit the right wise king on Tianshan Mountain, and captured more than 400 Hushou captives and returned them.The general of the second division of the Xiongnu Dawei, almost never took off.There are six or seven stories about Han soldiers.The Hanfu envoy went out of the Xihe River because of General Ao, and met Zhuotu Mountain with Qiangnu Duwei, but got nothing.He also ordered Li Ling, the captain of cavalry, to lead [-] cavalrymen to live more than a thousand miles north of Yanbei, and joined forces with Shan Yuhui to fight. The tomb killed more than [-] people, and the soldiers were exhausted. The Xiongnu lost their soldiers, and [-] of them were returned.Shan Yu Nai Guiling, named after his wife.

At the age of two later, the general of the second division was sent back to Shuofang with 3 cavalry and 3 infantry.Strong crossbow captain Lu Bode led more than [-] people to meet with the second division.The guerrilla general said that [-] people would march out of Wuyuan.General Ao sent [-] infantrymen from Wanqi out of Yanmen.When the Xiongnu heard about it, they learned that it was far more burdensome than Yuwu in the north of the river, but Shanyu waited for the south of the river with [-] horsemen, and fought with the general of the second division.The second teacher was released and led back, and he fought with Shanyu for more than ten days.Ershi heard that his family was wiped out by witches and Gu clan, and because he surrendered to the Xiongnu together, he got one or two ears from thousands of people.Guerrilla talk gets nothing.Because of the battle between Kuo Ao and Zuo Xianwang, he was at a disadvantage, so he led him back.It was the year when the Han soldiers attacked the Xiongnu. They could not say how much merit they had, and they could not defend them.There was an edict to arrest the imperial physician and order Sui Dan, saying that the family and family of the general of the second division would be destroyed, so that Guangli could surrender to the Xiongnu.

Tai Shigong said: Kong Shi wrote the Spring and Autumn Annals, and the chapters were kept between Yin and Huan, and it was not at the time of mourning.The common saying is that the Huns, who suffer from their power for a while, must flatter their opinions so that they can point fingers and not participate in themselves;Although Yao was a virtuous man, he failed to succeed in his career. He won Yu and Kyushu was peaceful.And if you want to prosper the lineage, the only way is to choose a general!The only way is to choose a general!

(End of this chapter)