Thick black school

Chapter 89
In history, this event was called "a cup of wine releases military power".After that, Song Taizu used similar methods to take back the military power of generals in other places.Through this method, Song Taizu established a new military system. Elite soldiers were selected from the local army and organized into forbidden troops, which were directly controlled by the emperor, and the chief executives of various places were also appointed by the court.Through these measures, the newly established Northern Song Dynasty began to stabilize.

Power is the backing for leaders to carry out their work. Without power, it is impossible to manage teams, lead subordinates, and carry out work. Therefore, it is necessary and necessary for leaders to have power and concentrate power in their own hands.

In the later period of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, under the attack of the Xianghuai Army, the situation of the Taiping Army became increasingly difficult.In order to save the defeat, the heavenly king Hong Xiuquan adopted an unsophisticated strategy, that is, to entrust the kings to boost morale.According to statistics, Hong Xiuquan entrusted more than 700 kings successively, and all civil servants, generals, relatives, friends and old friends all became "princes" as they wished.

However, after a long time, this trick is not so effective. Things that are too easy to get are often not cherished. Not only did it fail to achieve the goal of working together to save the defeat, but it led to serious chaos in the internal order of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. "King", no one obeys the other, and each other is alienated from each other, which objectively hastened the fall of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom.

To use power requires authorization, and authorization must be appropriate.If the authorization is improper, excessive, or given to inappropriate people, it will cause confusion in management, subordinates will do their own thing, do not listen to dispatch, and work cannot be carried out.Hong Xiuquan's decentralized authorization was a mistake in decision-making, which caused people's hearts to scatter and command to lose control, which directly accelerated the process of the demise of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom.

Leaders are prone to two incorrect tendencies in delegation: underdelegation and overdelegation.Insufficient authorization will cause subordinates to fail to give full play to their talents and lose enthusiasm and initiative; excessive authorization will cause confusion in management and low work efficiency.How can we authorize correctly and effectively?
Authorization should grasp the following principles.

1.Consistent responsibilities and rights.Authorization must be fully explained, so that subordinates can truly understand their responsibilities, rights, and interests.Avoid subordinates to shirk responsibility.The consistency of responsibilities, rights, and interests is manifested in ensuring that subordinates are in their positions, seek their own governance, exercise their powers, fulfill their responsibilities, obtain their benefits, and punish their mistakes.

2.There are degrees of authorization.The degree of authorization means that there must be a certain limit to what authority the leader authorizes and how much authority to authorize. Beyond this limit, the authority granted is either invalid or fails to achieve the purpose of authorization.Those with high abilities should assume greater responsibilities and should also be granted greater authority; those with lower abilities should limit their authority, and should not be blindly and mechanically authorized.

3.Full trust.Since the power is granted, it must be fully trusted.Subordinates do not need to ask for instructions and report everywhere, so as to actively complete the goals within the scope of their duties.However, this principle does not exclude the right of superiors to guide and supervise subordinates, nor does it deny the responsibility of subordinates to report their work.

4.Retain primary power.The power that can affect the overall situation cannot be decentralized, otherwise excessive delegation will cause power dispersion and incoordination within the system.The so-called main power refers to the survival and development of the organization, decision-making power and supervision power with overall issues.As a leader, only and must have the decision-making power to solve major problems.The decision-making power on other issues can be fully delegated to the subordinates.

5.effective control.Authorization and power control are two contradictory aspects, which are interrelated and restrict each other.Granting but not controlling is abstention, and controlling but not granting is arbitrariness.While fully authorizing subordinates according to their terms of reference, leaders must effectively control and supervise the delegated power. The ways to control power include: first, specifying the scope of subordinates’ exercise of power; second, supervising the direction of subordinates’ exercise of power ; Third, check the results of subordinates exercising power; fourth, retain the power to withdraw power.

In actual work, clarifying the misunderstanding of authorization is as important as mastering the art of authorization.Because it can enable business leaders to avoid getting into trouble, so as to effectively overcome and prevent the failure of authorization.

In order to make reasonable use of power, arrange tasks, and command subordinates, leaders must fully master the art of authorization, in order to fully mobilize the work enthusiasm of subordinates, give full play to their work effectiveness, do a good job in various tasks, and achieve relaxed and effective leadership. realize the economic benefits of the enterprise.

Thick Black New Mysteries

Power is a sensitive topic in leadership affairs. As a leader, it is important to be able to master the art of delegation.Being good at delegation can liberate leaders from complicated and complicated affairs, hold the top position, lift weights lightly, and grasp the overall situation.At the same time, it also makes subordinates feel valued and trusted, exerts the enthusiasm of subordinates, and improves work efficiency.Authorization must grasp a "degree".Don't authorize too little, because too little authorization means no authorization; let alone too much authorization, too much authorization will cause power out of control, management confusion, harm to others, self, and the company; moderate and appropriate authorization is the best s Choice.Authorization must be able to release and receive, and retract freely, this is the real "authorization".In the final analysis, the wisdom of thick black management is to maintain a delicate balance between authorization and control.

Take advantage of the fire to rob and reap the benefits of the fisherman.
[Zongwu Mantra] Standing outside the situation, watching with cold eyes, seeing the truth clearly, without prejudice, so the judgment is the most correct.

"When the snipe and the clam fight, the fisherman wins", this idiom is well known to almost everyone.This idiom comes from "Warring States Policy?Yan Ce [-]": The mussel comes out to expose, while the snipe pecks its flesh, and the clam closes and pinches its beak.The snipe said: "If it doesn't rain today, if it doesn't rain tomorrow, there will be a dead clam!" The clam also called the snipe and said: "If it doesn't come out today, if it doesn't come out tomorrow, there will be a dead snipe!" The two refused to part with each other.Fishermen catch them together.Later, people used it as a metaphor for a stalemate between the two sides, and the result is that both sides lose, and the third party benefits.

The world is bustling with profit coming and going.Everyone has greed, and when the other party is obsessed with interests, they often lose the reason for correct judgment.The thick black theory of business warfare points out that in fierce competition, when the two sides are at a stalemate for the benefit of each other and refuse to give in to each other, you can take the attitude of watching from the sidelines and watching its development. If you clean up the mess, you can get the effect of "the snipe and the clam fight, and the fisherman wins". The dummy's hand defeats the opponent and easily wins the competition.

In the historical era of turbulent times and nations vying for hegemony, heroes and wise counselors often used the strategy of "the snipe and the clam fight, and the fisherman reaps the benefits" to achieve the goal of defeating the enemy without fighting.

Cao Cao defeated the Maodun Corps in White Wolf City. The two brothers Yuan Xi and Yuan Shang led thousands of people to flee to Liaodong and join the Liaodong prefect Gongsun Kang.At that time, Cao Cao's subordinates were gearing up to catch up, trying to annihilate and put down the Yuan Group in one fell swoop.

However, Cao Cao's actions at that time were beyond everyone's expectations. Not only did he not send troops to chase the Yuan brothers who were defeated and perished, but instead retreated to Yizhou and stood still.Everyone couldn't figure out what Cao Cao was thinking.General Xiahoudun asked Cao Cao: "Gongsun Kang, the prefect of Liaodong, did not submit to us for a long time, and now Eryuan went to join us. Wouldn't that be like adding wings to a tiger? If we don't attack them now, we will cause trouble later when they form a group to fight us. Therefore, It’s better to go to conquer them now when they are not stable.” Cao Cao laughed, and then said: “It is very hard for everyone to fight bloody battles for the country, so I don’t need to trouble you to go out this time. Gongsun Kang will definitely send Er Yuan's head here automatically." Based on Gongsun Kang's previous tough attitude towards Cao Cao, the generals did not believe that Gongsun Kang would do this, but they did not dare not listen to Cao Cao's words, so they had to stand still.Unexpectedly, after a while, Gongsun Kang sent someone to send the heads of Yuan Xi and Yuan Shang to Cao Ying.The generals were very surprised, and they all praised Cao Cao's ability to predict things like a god.Cao Cao looked up to the sky and laughed loudly: "Sure enough, it's not what Guo Jia expected."

Only then did Cao Cao explain to the generals why he retreated to Yizhou and stood still.It turned out that Guo Jia, a counselor, fell ill on the way back to the army from Wuhuan, and died due to illness. When he was dying, he left a letter to Cao Cao saying: "Gongsun Kang has always been worried about Yuan's annexation. Now Yuan Xi and Yuan Shang go to Going to defect, Gongsun Kang must have doubts in his heart. If we send troops to attack, since they are not our opponents, they will definitely attack together. It is difficult to succeed in a hurry, but it may cause us heavy losses. If we delay sending troops, Gongsun Kang and The Yuan brothers will fight each other." As Guo Jia expected, when Gongsun Kang heard that Yuan Xi and Yuan Shang were going to join him, he immediately made an agreement with his subordinates: If Cao Cao came to attack, he would leave them to join forces to fight against Cao Cao. Otherwise, lure them into the city and kill them, and dedicate their heads to Cao Cao.

Cao Cao eliminated the two Yuans without a single soldier and regained Liaodong. Cao Cao took advantage of the fisherman by watching the fire from the other side.

Cao Cao is worthy of being an outstanding military strategist. He is good at using the contradictions between various groups to serve himself.He took advantage of the conflict between Gongsun Kang's concern about Yuan's group's desire to annex Liaodong and Er Yuan's desire to annex Liaodong. He watched from the other side and did not attack them eagerly. , Let them kill each other, so that they can get rid of Eryuan without a single soldier, regain Liaodong, and reap the benefits of the fisherman. This kind of strategy is indeed superior.

Houheixue pointed out that in the business war, the skill of "dummy's hand and profit from it" can be used flexibly and skillfully, and the transaction goal will be achieved more smoothly.In the competition, we must learn to stop with static, use the law that the two sides of the contradiction will inevitably transform under certain conditions to intensify the contradiction, defeat the opponent, and serve ourselves.

In the world business war, the top negotiator who takes advantage of the fire is Morgan, the Wall Street tycoon in the United States. In 1873, during the economic crisis in the United States, news of bankruptcy was announced almost every hour.Jay Cook & Co., a well-known investment bank in Philadelphia, also closed its doors forever.Cook, who rose to fame by helping the government sell Treasury bills during the Civil War, was the most prominent figure among investment bankers.His bankruptcy was nothing less than a bolt from the blue in the business world at that time, causing a huge shock.Facts later proved that even if he was able to survive the crisis at that time, it would be difficult for him to meet the challenge of John Pierpont Morgan in the future because of his weakened strength.Morgan's ability to sell securities at home and abroad was unparalleled in the world.Dabney-Morgan & Morgan & Baring Brothers in London, Anthony in Philadelphia?The combination of Drexel, Levi Morton of New York, and several other major New York bankers with Morgan gave him the power and ability to wrest $1871 million worth of Treasury bills from Cook in 2 , and sold most of them to foreign investors; in the first half of 1873, Morgan and his partners won half of the 33 billion treasury bonds for the same reason, and they handled it with ease.And Cook had trouble selling his portion of Treasury bills, which was one of the factors that contributed to Cook's bankruptcy.In this crisis, Drexel & Morgan became the most powerful investment bank in the United States, controlling the US government bond market, while continuing to sell European securities.

The financial crisis of 1884 further consolidated Morgan's position.From this time until his death in 1913, he remained the most influential figure in American investment banking.Since November 1884, a large amount of gold from the U.S. Treasury began to flow out, and there was a rush to buy gold in the market.A rumor quickly spread through Wall Street that the U.S. government had to abandon the practice of paying its currency in gold.Grover?President Cleveland assured that this was not true, but the practice of selling American securities for gold continued, straining the treasury to the point where it was almost insolvent.

In order to relieve the economic panic caused by the empty coffers, a huge sum of money must be raised immediately.Government fiscal authorities estimate at least $1 million.Knowing that the government was at the end of its rope in this rush to buy gold, Morgan made an agreement with Belmont that the two banks form a syndicate to undertake gold bonds. In this way, they could rescue the crisis of the Ministry of Finance and High profits can be obtained.However, due to their harsh conditions, the U.S. Congress did not pass this proposal, and it was difficult for the president to accept it.At that time, Secretary of the Treasury, Callisher planned to issue 5000 million US dollars of public bonds, and the remaining half would be entrusted with deposits in domestic banks in the United States.Since any city bank could not take care of itself at a time of panic, the Secretary of the Treasury's appeal was naturally shelved, so he resorted to a tricky plan to publicly raise $117 million in bonds at 5000 points above par. It broke the conventions of the investment and financial circles, also deceived the investment industry, and severely injured and annoyed Morgan.Manipulated by Morgan, the treasury secretary was met with blank stares when he rushed to New York to call in bankers for help, because he did not accept Morgan's offer of either subscribing for all or refusing to subscribe for the bonds without any room for negotiation. condition.Out of desperation, Morgan was once again called into the White House by the president to have a showdown with each other.

When Morgan knew that there were only 900 million U.S. dollars left in the national treasury, he was even more stubborn, and then said with confidence: "It seems that there is no other way except that Rothschild and I formed a syndicate to make London's gold flow back into the country and abroad." There is a way to rescue the treasury that is in bankruptcy. Now, I have a check for 1200 million US dollars that has not been cashed. If I cash this check today, everything will be over. Should I send a telegram here and send it immediately How about going to London?" Under this threat, President Cleveland had to use the pretext of going to the bathroom every five minutes to discuss countermeasures with Secretary of the Treasury Kalisher who was waiting in another room.Morgan knew very well that the White House would not give in easily without a tough hand.Therefore, when interviewing the president, he "straight to the point" and pressed hard at every step.As a result, the president had no choice but to agree to the conditions proposed by Morgan, and the White House bowed down in front of Wall Street.That night, Morgan withdrew a large amount of dollars and handed them over to the Ministry of Finance, helping the Ministry of Finance to tide over the difficulties.Morgan made a net profit of 5 million US dollars in the difference between the price of government bonds contracted to the government and the market price, and also arranged an international agreement that before the end of the bond issuance, it would not exchange dollars for pounds or buy U.S. gold, which had a great impact The Shire Antitrust Act.

Business operators cannot do without negotiation, and one of the characteristics of negotiation is confrontation. Both parties in the negotiation hope to win and do everything possible to compete for interests.If the negotiator wants to achieve the expected goal, he must really understand the situation of the other party, otherwise he will fight in confusion.When Morgan negotiated with the president, he found out that the national treasury had very little funds and was in crisis, so he took advantage of the fire and forced the president to agree to his harsh conditions. Morgan succeeded in the negotiation and made a lot of money from it.

The 1980 Olympic Games were held in Moscow.In order to increase the price of Olympic broadcasting rights, the former Soviet Union adopted a clever and lucrative strategy and won a big victory.

As early as during the Montreal Olympic Games in 1976, the Soviets invited the heads of the three major American broadcasting networks - ABC (American Broadcasting Corporation), NBC (National Broadcasting Corporation), and CBS (CBS) to park on the St. Laurent River. Alexander?On board the Pushkin, they gave warm hospitality and interviewed the heads of each broadcasting network individually, and reported to them that the starting price of the Moscow Olympics broadcasting rights was 2100 million US dollars, intending to arouse fierce competition among the three.After see-saw negotiations, NBC offered $7000 million, CBS offered $7100 million, and ABC offered $7300 million.Seeing that ABC won the competition with its higher offer, unexpectedly CBS hired German negotiator Lothar.Under the efforts of Lothar, in January 1976, the Soviet negotiator and CBS chairman William?Paley reached a deal: CBS paid more than ABC for the broadcast rights.

(End of this chapter)