Three Kingdoms New Malaysia Super League

Chapter 94

In fact, Ma Chao didn't realize what kind of impact his light words had on the entire late Han Dynasty.

"Pig iron and wrought iron are practiced in one place, and they can be made into steel after a few nights..."

This passage actually comes from the writings of Qi Wuhuaiwen during the Wei and Qi Dynasties in the Northern Dynasties more than 600 AD, that is, more than 400 years after the end of the Han Dynasty.

Qiwu Huaiwen, surnamed Qiwu and given name Huaiwen, was a famous metallurgist during the Northern and Southern Dynasties of China.He lived between the Eastern Wei Dynasty and the Northern Qi Dynasty in the Northern Dynasties in the 6th century AD. He was good at Taoism and once served as the governor of Xinzhou in the Northern Qi Dynasty.This method was used to create the extremely sharp "Su Iron Knife".

Su Tiedao is actually a steel knife.Sutie is named because of its manufacturing method, and the manufacturing method of Sutie is actually the famous steel pouring method.

The pouring method is one of the most outstanding achievements of China's early steelmaking technology. In the history of Chinese metallurgy, after the development of the "block smelting method"--"hundreds of steelmaking"--"fried steel method", the pouring method appeared. steel law.

Ancient Chinese smelting technology was in a relatively primitive stage before the Spring and Autumn Period, and the smelting method used at that time was called "block smelting method".At that time, charcoal was used as fuel for ironmaking, with little heat, small furnace body and poor blasting equipment, so the furnace temperature was relatively low and could not reach the melting temperature of iron, so the iron produced was a spongy solid block, called "" block of iron".

Block iron smelting is time-consuming, the texture is relatively soft, and it contains many impurities. After forging, it becomes usable wrought iron.In the process of forging iron and wrought iron, people need to heat repeatedly. The iron absorbs the carbon in the charcoal, increases the carbon content, and reduces the inclusions to become steel.

This kind of steel has a compact structure and uniform carbon distribution, and is suitable for making weapons and knives.Later, it was further developed to the "Hundred Steelmaking" technology.

When making utensils, people consciously increase the number of times of folding and forging. A piece of steel often needs to be fired, beaten, beaten, fired, and repeated many times, even hundreds of times, so it is called hundred steelmaking.

Hundred-smelting steel has more carbon content, finer structure, and more uniform composition, so the quality of steel is improved, and it is mainly used to make precious knives and swords.

So, ancient artifacts were born, such as Ganjiang, Moxie, and Juque Shenma, which took seven to seven or ninety-nine eighty-one days to forge. Don’t be fooled by this: that’s because of that era The level is too backward, and people have spent so long playing with iron blocks because they can't make good steel.

Later, around the middle and late Western Han Dynasty, a new steelmaking technology 'fried steel' appeared in China, which was a steelmaking technology developed on the basis of pig iron smelting and casting technology.The basic method is to heat the pig iron into a semi-liquid and liquid state, then add iron ore powder, while stirring continuously, use the iron ore powder and oxygen in the air to remove part of the carbon in the pig iron, reduce the carbon content in the pig iron, and remove the slag , to directly obtain steel, which is the technology of frying steel.

The invention of this technology is a major breakthrough in steelmaking technology, enabling the smelting industry to provide a large amount of cheap, high-quality wrought iron or steel to the society to meet the needs of production and war.The emergence of fried steel has also promoted the development of steelmaking technology. People use fried steel as raw material, and after repeated heating, folding, and forging, they make high-quality steel parts.However, there are still some defects in the technology of steel frying and steelmaking, such as the complicated process of steel frying, which is not easy to master; steelmaking is labor-intensive and time-consuming.

At the end of the Han Dynasty where Ma Chao lived, the level of iron smelting had also developed to this stage.In other words, at this time, it is also very difficult to get a good steel knife.Because firstly, the quality of steel is still unstable, and secondly, forging steel is time-consuming and labor-intensive.Finally, there is the single-liquid quenching method, which makes the steel knife either hard and easy to break, or tough and unfavorable.

A fact can illustrate this point: Boss Cao is a knife lover, and the Seven Star Sword that was used to deceive Wang Yun was given to Dong Zhuo to save his life.Later, when he became king of Wei, he suddenly remembered this, and ordered Yousi to make five precious swords. Unexpectedly, it took three years to make the precious swords!

It was not until the emergence of the steel filling method that the problem of quality and yield was solved in one fell swoop.Moreover, compared with the steel frying method of Ma Chao's era, the steel pouring method obviously has four major advantages.

The first is to shorten the smelting time and improve the productivity; the second is that pig iron and wrought iron can be made into steel, which increases the output of steel; the third is that the method of pouring steel purifies the metal structure and improves the quality of the metal; The steel method is easy to operate and easy to master.To obtain steels with different carbon contents, one only needs to mix pig iron and wrought iron in a certain proportion and then smelt them.

As for the saying "Use soft iron as the blade spine, bathe in the urine of five animals, and quench with oil from five animals..." actually refers to the double liquid quenching method.

Double-liquid quenching method, that is, when the temperature of the workpiece is relatively high, a quenching medium with a relatively fast cooling rate is selected to ensure the hardness of the workpiece; when the temperature is relatively low, a quenching medium with a relatively small cooling rate is selected to prevent The workpiece cracks and deforms, giving it a certain toughness.

The double-liquid quenching method is a relatively complicated quenching process. At the end of the Han Dynasty, when there was no temperature measurement and temperature control equipment, it could only completely rely on the craftsman's operation and experience.

It can be said that the emergence of the steel pouring method and the double liquid quenching method also made the steel knives of that era the real treasured knives.

And Ma Chao, who has eyes but does not know Mount Tai, is completely a prodigal son who abandoned watermelon to pick up sesame seeds.At this time, after seeing Pu Yuan wake up, he didn't immediately ask Pu Yuan to test the steel pouring method and the double liquid quenching method.Instead, he brought a piece of wood and said mysteriously: "Master Pu, these things are called horseshoes. If you can make ten pairs within two days, are you capable?"

The making of horseshoes does not require high craftsmanship at all, and the technology and personnel of the iron shop at this time are completely competent.After Pu Yuan asked about the specific size and specifications, he readily agreed.

"In a few days, after I have tested the efficacy of this horseshoe, I will ask Captain Huang to send another [-] blacksmiths. At that time, Supervisor Pu must carefully guide and make [-] pieces!" Thinking about Brother Chou's efforts to buy The big plan is almost in progress. Ma Chao estimates that in the next few days, the iron shop should be expanded.

"The villain will not disgrace his fate!" Pu Yuan laughed happily when he heard that his men were about to increase.

"Don't call yourself 'little man' anymore, my blacksmith supervisor, you should call yourself 'low job'!" Ma Chao said with a smile.He even patted Pu Yuan on the shoulder to show encouragement.

But Pu Yuan was also flattered, and replied excitedly: "The villain knows..."

Ma Chao has a black line on his face: It seems that he still needs to work hard to change the humble thinking of these people.

However, not long after, when Pu Yuan had successfully developed the method of pouring steel and the method of double-liquid quenching, and was promoted to the position of Ma Chao's subordinates no less than those generals, Ma Chao patted the table and shouted: "Okay!" Pu Yuan, why did you come to report such a wonderful method at this time? It was that bastard back then who asked you to nail some kind of horseshoe?"

(End of this chapter)