back to ancient times to be emperor

Chapter 118

The Military Weapons Supervisor in the suburbs of Chang'an is pouring molten steel into the mud pan, and through slow cooling, the purpose of obtaining the taught steel.This technology was not discovered only during the Dashun Dynasty. Someone had already invented it as early as the Western Zhou Dynasty.

The ancients were very smart. Without the knowledge of water cooling, they thought of the mud-form cast iron method, and further came up with the iron-form cast iron method, which greatly improved the efficiency of cast iron.

But the iron cast iron method is not without shortcomings, on the contrary, the shortcomings are very obvious.The heat dissipation of the iron mold is too fast, which makes the molten steel have a large degree of supercooling during cooling. The cementite in the molten steel has no time to precipitate (graphitization is too late) and the graphite has already solidified. Therefore, the cementite in the iron is mainly carbonized. It exists in the form of iron, that is, white iron.

This white iron is hard, but also brittle.Although low-carbon molten steel flows out of the small blast furnace, it can't counteract the power of the iron fan, and the carbon content is raised all at once.Due to the large undercooling of molten iron during solidification, the metal crystal particles on the surface are relatively dense, and the surface of iron is relatively smooth.The only advantage of the iron mold is to speed up the production rate, which is much faster than the clay mold.

It's just that Lu Chengqi looked down on the iron casting method, thinking that it was a waste of money, turning the melted molten iron into pig iron again.He would rather be slower, but the quality must be good.This is also why the output of Hongxiang rifles has been unable to increase. With all the efforts of the whole country, there is not much steel to be smelted. How can the barrel be made quickly?
Small blast furnace steelmaking also pollutes the environment a lot. Although there is no concept of environmental protection in this day and age, the military inspection is not far from Chang'an City, and Lu Chengqi does not want to suffer the harm of environmental pollution.Therefore, Tang Xun and the others were very puzzled. Lu Chengqi required that each blast furnace must have a sealed filter tank, and the exhaust gas produced must pass through the sealed brick road and pass into the filter tank.The filter pool is filled with water, and Lu Chengqi doesn't know if it will be useful, but after doing this, it seems that the pollution is not too serious, and he feels more at ease.

In fact, the ancients were very smart and discovered the quenching process a long time ago.They clamped the formed iron blocks that had been cooled almost in the clay mold with iron clips, and put them in water to quench them.

A craftsman even proposed to use horse urine to quench the iron rails, which can greatly increase the hardness of the steel. When Lu Chengqi found out about it, he praised it fiercely and rewarded him with a lot of money.

As a result, within two days, another craftsman proposed that using animal fat to quench the steel could greatly improve the toughness of the steel, and Lu Chengqi also rewarded it with money and silver.

Before the rewards were finished here, someone else proposed the method of first quenching with horse urine, and then quenching with oil, so that the quality of the steel would be better. Lu Chengqi also praised it a lot, and rewarded a lot of money.After all, it is difficult to have the best of both worlds with only one quenching medium.If the cooling rate of the quenching medium used is relatively fast, it is easy to cause defects such as cracking and deformation of the steel; if the cooling rate of the quenching medium is slow, the steel will have more than enough toughness and insufficient hardness, making it difficult to meet the requirements of use.In this way, it is necessary to use the double liquid quenching method, that is, when the temperature of the steel is relatively high, the quenching medium with a relatively fast cooling rate is selected to ensure the hardness of the steel; and when the temperature is relatively low, the quenching medium with a relatively small cooling rate is selected. Medium to prevent cracking and deformation of steel, so that it has a certain toughness.

This blow was out of control, and these craftsmen tried their best to come up with a better way to make steel.In this way, a complete system of rewards and punishments has been formed in the Military Weapons Supervision, and all craftsmen study and work diligently.As a result, not only the military weapons supervision on the outskirts of the city was greatly improved, but even the military weapons supervision in Chang'an City was affected, and the weapons produced were greatly improved.

After a few days of rushing work, the military inspector finally made a double-sided railway track with a length of hundreds of feet before the Dragon Boat Festival, and transported it to the Royal University.

Shen Kuo.Su Song and Tang Xun, with the help of more than a thousand students, built the first Chidao in the Dashun Dynasty.Why make rails?This is all because Lu Chengqi's ambition is too great. He hopes to bring Da Shun Dynasty into the industrial age through hard work in his lifetime.The train is a symbol of the industrial age.With the rails, you don't need to spend money to lay the tracks again in the future.

Furthermore, the performance of rails is better than that of hardwood. Out of performance requirements, Lu Chengqi also decided to use rails.This railroad track is not like the usual railroad track in later generations, but very characteristic of the Dashun Dynasty.In order to make the carriage gallop without derailing, the rail has a groove inside, and there is a small hole under the groove, which is used to fix the sleepers with screws.This screw also came into being. Originally, Qin Chidao used long nails to fix it, but after experiments, Tang Xun found that the long nails could not fix the heavy rails.The clever Shen Kuo invented the threaded nail according to the nature of the long nail.This screw did not exist in Chinese history, but Lu Chengqi asked for the manufacture of rails, which led to the appearance of such a fetish as a screw in China in advance.

The roadbed on which the track is laid is rammed very strongly, and the sleepers are laid on the roadbed.The softer sleepers can be closely combined with the rammed very hard roadbed, so that the track is stable, and the carriage can run quickly and smoothly on it.

The carriage has also been manufactured by Shen Kuo and Su Song.The production of a carriage is not difficult, the difficulty lies in the production of iron wheels and iron bearings, and the rest of the parts are carpentry.

With the help of Tang Xun, the iron wheels made of clay molds are just suitable, but the iron bearings are ill-fated.Not too big, just difficult to turn.After several days of research, Tang Xun, Shen Kuo and Su Song finally found a solution.Su Song found in ancient books that there was such an item as a car mace in the Han Dynasty, that is, an iron ring was added to the axle to make the iron grind with the iron, and then grease was added between them to enhance the firmness of the wheel and reduce the wear and tear of the car bearing. friction.

When all the problems were solved, a durable carriage was finally manufactured.After laying the rails together, a flat wooden plank was laid in front to slow down the carriage.The wooden board at the starting point corresponds to a groove with the same width as the wheel, which is used for the carriage to enter the track.

After bringing in a rough horse and putting on the reins, the hired coachman drove the horse into the track.After measurement, the distance between the sleepers and the sleepers of this galloping road is just in time with the horse's pace, so that the horse will not be afraid of stumble.

I saw the coachman raised the whip in his hand, and the not very strong horse started galloping, driving the carriage.Su Song was surprised to find that after the nasty horse started running, it seemed to run faster and faster, and it felt like it couldn't stop at all. If it wasn't for the short path, it might not be enough for it to run.When it reached the end of the gallop, where the crossties had been leveled, the ragged horse stopped.He snorted, as if he was not satisfied with the fact that the road was too short.

It's just a nasty horse!There was such an effect that everyone looked at each other in blank dismay.Shen Kuo even suspected that Lu Chengqi had known for a long time that this was the result, so he asked them to make the railroad tracks.

Tang Xun sighed: "Your Majesty is really a heavenly man!" I am afraid that the students in the Royal University now regard Lu Chengqi as a heavenly man, otherwise how would he know that Chi Dao is so powerful?Although Lu Chengqi said that he knew it only after reading the ancient books, but after searching the ancient books, he could only find the words Chidao. Where did he mention such an effect?
This really wronged Lu Chengqi, he only knew the quick way of driving, but he didn't know the principle.In fact, the principle of galloping is that once the horse pulls the cart and gallops on the track, the sleepers and horse steps are in sync with each other, and the horse involuntarily undergoes "self-excited oscillation", and has to run very fast, almost unable to stop.Such a reason was beyond Lu Chengqi's imagination.

(End of this chapter)