100 must-read books for college students

Chapter 76 The First Great Book in Asia to Win the Nobel Prize

Chapter 75 Asia's first Nobel Prize-winning masterpiece: "Gitanjali"

"Gitanjali" means "song offering" in Hindi.This is a hymn dedicated to God, and also a "song of love".

", embodies the theme of longing for the unity of man and God, and expresses the poet's strong desire to pursue light and ideals. In 1913, "Jitan
Kali won the Nobel Prize in Literature.

Great Poet's Creation

Robin Dronath Tagore (1861～1941), from 1880 to
In 1886, due to dissatisfaction with alien rule and social darkness, Tagore always felt sad and lonely, so he was

People call it "the Shelley of Bengal".

praise of love
, life and nature, against tyrants, praising virtuous kings, full of romantic poetry and spirit of rebellion.

In the 19s, Tagore had already started the stage of creation as a famous writer, which was also the vigorous stage of Tagore's creation.

The years spent in the countryside of Sileda enabled Tagore to expand and strengthen his understanding and closeness to nature, and at the same time, made him

He got the opportunity to observe and know all kinds of things and all life in the countryside.These life experiences become the source of Tagore's creation

Inexhaustible source.It is especially important that it enabled him to see the rigid feudal tradition and backward society in a more comprehensive and detailed way.
Society customs, saw the cruel exploitation and rule of peasants by foreign colonists and the dissatisfaction and resistance of the masses of the people.These

, providing rich nutrition for Tagore's creation.

During this period, Tagore published several short stories, 5 collections of lyric poems, and a large number of story poems.he also wrote plays
"Zilard" was rehearsed by Liang Qichao, Lin Huiyin, Xu Zhimo and others when Tagore visited China in 1924.

The initial stage of the 20th century was of great significance in Tagore's life.During this period, Tagore suffered many misfortunes and extremely
It was a period of extreme pain, and it was also a period when poets produced new works and created a fruitful harvest.

The successive deaths of his wife, father, and children dealt a great blow to Tagore. In 1910, his best collection of lyric poems, "

The Bengali text of Gitanjali was published. During his stay in Britain in 1912, he selected 50 poems among them and combined them into "Dedication Collection", "

A Collection of Sacrifice, Collection of Remembrance, Collection of Harvest, Collection of Dreams and other poems, translated into English poetry collection "Auspicious
"Tanjali", the preface of the British poet Yeats, was greatly respected by the British literary circles, making him the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1913.
Award winner.

Gitanjali Song of Dedication

"Gitanjali" is the most representative world famous book in Tagore's lyric poetry collection. English translation of Gitanjali, poet

I translated it myself, but there are many differences between the English version and the original Bengali text.In the Bengali Gitanjali
157 verse poems that can be recited; while the English translation "Gitanjali" contains 103 prose poems, only 53 of which are

from Gitanjali in Bengali and another 50 poems from other collections of Bengali poetry.translating into english
Sometimes, translations based on the original Bengali sentences are relatively seldom, often to save refraining sentences, increase explanations, or to follow

The terminology was changed according to the habits of the British.The Chinese version of "Gitanjali" was translated by Bing Xin based on the English version, so it is prose
poetry.

"Gitanjali" is a transliteration of Bengal, which means "the offering of songs", that is, poems dedicated to the gods revered by poets.with the author himself

In other words, "to those gods who gave him flesh, light, and poetry."This god is not a specific idol, it is
Moving in all nature, ubiquitous and all-encompassing, it is the embodiment of ideal, hope and light.Tagore was a pantheist
Righteous,
It is easy to accept the "freedom, equality, fraternity" and humanitarian propositions of the European bourgeoisie.The combination of pantheism and pan-love thought constitutes
It has become the mystical feature of the poems of "Gitanjali".Through the description of mysticism, it reflects the poet's hope for real life.
Hope-seeking-despair are the repeated contradictory emotions.

The poem mainly expresses three aspects of thoughts: one is to express the poet’s hope day and night to meet and combine with God, so as to achieve the unity of the two.

The urgency of the ideal state, such as No. 103; the second is to express the infinite pain of the poet who is difficult to reach the ideal state, such as Nos. 13 and 2
Poems 6, 43, 50, and 51; the third is to express the poet's inexhaustible pursuit after finally reaching the ideal state of being one with God.
Limit joy, such as Nos. 65, 67, and 69.

In "Gitanjali", there are many psalms that express the praise of the poet to God, the Father and God.Tagore believed that God, was
Among "the poorest, most humble and most homeless people".

This is your footstool, where you rest among the poorest, the cheapest, and the most homeless.I want to bow to you, my salute cannot reach you
The depths of the foothold - that is among the poorest, most humble and most homeless people.

You are wearing shabby clothes and walking among the poorest, most humble and most homeless people. Pride can never approach this place.you and that
My heart will never find that place among the poorest, meanest, most homeless people without the company of friends.

In another poem, Tagore clearly pointed out: God is among the toiling masses.In his poem he wrote:

Leave the praise and counting beads aside!Who are you worshiping in the dark and lonely corner of the temple with the doors and windows closed? Open your eyes and see, go up

God is not in front of you!

He is with the farmer who plows the dry ground, and with the laborer who breaks stones to make roads.In the sun, in the rain, he was with them, clothed

The robe was covered with dust.Take off your holy robes and even go down in the dirt like him.

Detached?Where can one find detachment?Our Lord has gladly taken away the chains of creation; he is forever united to us all
tied together.

Come out of meditation and throw away the fragrant flowers offered!So what if your clothes get stained?To meet him, in labor, sweating
Come, stand with him.

These poems show Tagore's sympathy and concern for the working people.However, he also felt that he was still far away from them,
His heart "never finds this place"; he also thought of "going down into the earth" like a god!

The gods that Tagore called were not only different from the gods of Hinduism, but also different from the gods of Buddhism.Nor, of course, is the Christian God or
Allah of Islam.The gods promoted by Tagore are not the masters of all things, nor are they imaginary idols, but "personality".

", or the embodiment of "people's hearts" and "human nature", actually refers to human feelings and human love. This is what we often say

humanitarian spirit.What Tagore admired most was love.The most believed philosophy is harmony and harmony.Tagore firmly believed: "The real

What strengthens civilization and makes it truly progressive is collaboration and love, mutual trust and mutual assistance. "He thinks: think of others, everything
Just reconcile.In the modern society where the British ruled India, the imperialists and the feudal landlord class were human beings and not loving

People are people and destroy people, but Tagore has repeatedly emphasized: we should think of others.

The creation of the collection of poems "Gitanjali" clearly reflects the anti-imperialist and anti-feudal patriotism of the Indian people under the British colonial rule

Enthusiastically, he made great contributions to the development of modern Bengali literature and Indian literature.The collection of poems "Gitanjali" not only

It is deeply loved by the Indian people and enjoys a high reputation in the world.

The award-winning "Gitanjali" is the poet's collection of Bengali poems "Gitanjali", "Ferry Collection", "Sacrifice Collection"

An anthology of lyrical and philosophical poems in which the poems in the book were selected and translated into English, with a total of 103 poems.The whole collection of poems is perfect in technique, "deep in meaning"
far, fresh and beautiful". His award-winning comment was: "Because of his most sensitive, fresh and beautiful poems, these poems not only

With superb skills, and expressed in English by himself, he made his poetic thoughts become the masterpieces of Western literature.

part. "

(End of this chapter)