100 must-read books for college students

Chapter 82

Chapter 81 The bell that awakens the soul of the nation: "The True Story of Ah Q"

As soon as "The True Story of Ah Q" came out, it immediately caused a huge shock. At that time, someone wrote an article saying: "There is almost no love
The word "Ah Q" has never been said in the mouth of a young man who is good at literature and art.We use these two words almost everywhere. "The novel is based on Xinhai
Before and after the revolution, "Weizhuang", a village in the south of the Yangtze River, is the background, and the tragic experience of Ah Q, a poor and unenlightened farmer, is used as the background.
Encounter as a clue, through the conflicts between Ah Q, Mr. Zhao, fake foreign devils, etc., outlines a picture of China before and after the Revolution of [-].

The vivid historical picture of the countryside vividly sums up the historical lessons of the Revolution of [-].

National Inferior Spiritual Victory Act

The leader of the Chinese Cultural Revolution and the great founder of modern Chinese literature Lu Xun (1881-1936), formerly known as Zhou Zhangshou, later renamed
treant.

《阿Q正传》写于1921年12月到1922年2月间，最初发表于1921年12月至1922年2月的《晨报

Supplement", later included in the collection of novels "Scream".

"The True Story of Ah Q" mainly shows the character of Ah Q, a farmer, and unfolds the storyline around Ah Q's life.Ah Q is Lu Xun

The artistic model deliberately created is the image of a backward, unaware wandering farm laborer in the era of the [-] Revolution.He lives in Weizhuang

, in a position of being exploited, oppressed, and damaged, "there is no tile above, and no place for pins below."Though he "reaps as he reaps the wheat,

Wheat, pound rice then pound rice, punting boat then punting”, but they are still destitute, so they have to live in the Tugu Temple. They are so hungry that they have to go out.

"Begging for food" outside, and finally became a thief for a time.From the embarrassment of Ah Q's life, we can infer the influence of the feudal exploiting class on the poor peasants.
Cruel extraction, dilapidated scenes in rural China and the miserable lives of farmers.In politics and personality, Ah Q is even more
A typical example of being persecuted and humiliated.He doesn't have his own name, when he seems to remember that his surname is "Zhao" and "Zhao Taiye"

When he was from the same family, he was reprimanded by Mr. Zhao and "mouthed".He wooed Wu Ma and was regarded as "molesting" women, "

"Creating rebellion", hurt the dignity of the Zhao family, and was fined to send joss sticks to make amends. Ah Q's character also has its complicated side. Lu Xun

Zeng said: Ah Q "has the simplicity and stupidity of peasants, but also has the cunning of some idlers".He is ignorant, subjective

Blind, often act rashly, cause trouble, and even firmly believe in some feudal precepts.This formed his thoughts and words and deeds

, Various contradictions between subjective ideas and objective reality.

Ah Q lived in the Chinese countryside from the end of the Qing Dynasty to the period of the Xinhai Revolution. Weizhuang in the novel is the village of China in this period.
miniature.In the semi-feudal and semi-colonial old China, the main rulers of the countryside were the feudal landlords like Lord Zhao, but there were also
A new variant of the landlord class—fake foreign devils who came from this class and entered foreign schools, and then went abroad to stay "foreign".he
They ran rampant in the countryside and oppressed the people, while the majority of farmers lived a life of poverty and humiliation.The Revolution of [-] overthrew the Qing government, but

Changing the soup but not the medicine, Chinese society has not undergone fundamental changes.The fake foreign devils in Weizhuang turned into a revolutionary party: Zhao Xiu
It took only four yuan to wear the silver plate of "Persimmon Oil Party", sneaked into the revolutionary ranks, and continued to run amok;
exploited, oppressed. "The True Story of Ah Q" shows the true appearance of the semi-feudal and semi-colonial old Chinese society.

A historical summary of the lessons learned from the failure of the [-] Revolution.

Ah Q lived a life of exploitation and pressure

A miserable life of oppression, but always a victor in spirit.He used the "Spiritual Victory Method" to treat pain as happiness and failure as

Cheng Shengli, self-explanatory masturbation, seeking to be complacent.This is the biggest tragic character of Ah Q. What he believes in is "spiritual victory".

Law"—Ah-Q Doctrine.

For example, he was beaten and suffered a loss, but he thought in his heart: "I was finally beaten by my son." He was satisfied
He was beaten by fake foreign devils, but turned to bully the little nun, and so on, one after another.

foot.In a nutshell, Ah Q's "Spiritual Victory Method" is to boast about the past, fantasize about the future, be blindly arrogant, and belittle oneself.

Being cheap, deceiving oneself and others, is forgetfulness of humiliation and venting hatred to the weaker. The "spiritual victory method" made him unable to face up to his situation.
environment and status, content with the humiliating slave life and fate. "A Tale of Victory" has become a record of the humiliating history of his slave life.

Facing this cannibalistic society, Ah Q sometimes resisted, especially when a "love tragedy" happened and he was blackmailed until he was left

A pair of trousers, people no longer use him for work, when the livelihood problem cannot be solved.But he couldn't recognize the object of resistance, nor could he
Knowing how to resist, he can only find little D to fight and become a thief.Ah Q's demand for resistance was achieved in the Revolution of [-].

to development.The last three chapters of the novel focus on the impact of the Revolution of [-] on Weichuang and the performance and fate of Ah Q.

Ah Q
He doesn't understand revolution, and because of the poison of traditional thinking, he "deeply hates and hates revolution".But because of the revolution, Bailiwen
He was so afraid of the famous Juren lord, so he was fascinated by the revolution and asked to participate in the revolution.Out of class instinct, Ah Q put his own
Destiny is closely linked with the revolution, excitedly took to the streets and shouted: "Rebellion! Rebellion!" He thought that after the revolution, everything would be over.

Everything will come true: "Whatever I want is what I want, and whoever I like is who." The revolution made him feel elated like never before.

gas.However, he couldn't distinguish between the object of the revolution and his friends. He wanted to make a revolution, but he went to seek refuge with the fake foreign devils.

The fake foreign devils "forbid revolution", Ah Q had nowhere to go, and finally became a victim of the collusion between the bourgeoisie and the feudal forces.Ah Q
Captured, imprisoned, beheaded, but still a spiritual victor.He was not distressed by being arrested, but "thought that the world of life

During the time, I probably had to grab in and out sometimes", but I was afraid that the drawing would not be round, and I was annoyed that I didn't draw a circle.
But then he changed his mind: "The grandson draws very round circles!" When he was paraded through the street before he was killed, he still shouted: "After 20 years, it will be another circle!"
A..." The "spiritual victory method" actually accompanied him to the last moment of his life!

Ah Q is a vagabond farm laborer who is deeply oppressed. Under the persecution of real life, he has a revolutionary demand to change his destiny, but
The serious "spiritual victory method" hindered him from knowing himself and reality clearly, and hindered him from walking on the road of real resistance

.He is a typical example of China's backward peasants before and after the Revolution of [-].

The most classic part of "The True Story of Ah Q" is that it focuses on Ah Q's "spiritual victory method".Specifically, it is mainly manifested as delusional self-esteem
Big, self-deprecating, bullying, numb and forgetful, etc.

This kind of "self
It is a kind of self-comfort that anesthetizes the spirit of the subject, and is closely related to ignorance, numbness and forgetfulness.

together.For example, when he competed with Wang Hu in catching lice, it was an honor to see that there were many lice, but it was a disgrace to see that the lice were small and few.

To the point where there is no distinction between beauty and ugliness; after losing the bet, he slapped himself twice in the mouth, as if the one who was slapped was someone else, and immediately turned his back
In order to win, he fell asleep contentedly; he courted Wu Ma and caused a disaster, and after being "beaten and scolded", it seemed that one thing was over.

", and began to forget again: even when he paraded through the streets to show the public that he was going to beheaded, he didn't realize it, and he regretted that he didn't draw a circle when he drew a circle.

, thinking that life is inevitable between heaven and earth and so on.Through the typical description of Ah Q, Lu Xun vividly and vividly

Extensively revealing how this kind of mental illness, which commonly exists in the "soul of Chinese people", seriously anesthetizes the life of Chinese people,

It is a historical inertia that hinders social reform.The purpose of its creation is to "expose the suffering and arouse the attention of treatment" and transform "

national character” and eradicate this “slavery” that erodes the soul of the nation and the people. The root cause of the “Spiritual Victory Law”
In addition to the long-term spiritual poisoning of the feudal ruling class in China, Chinese farmers, as small private owners, have backward production methods, isolation,

The scattered and isolated living conditions prevent them from quickly awakening and correctly understanding the world, which is also one of the reasons. "Spirit wins
"Lifa"——Ah-Qism, philosophically speaking, is actually a kind of subjective idealism. It is precisely in this specific historical environment and

Under the circumstances of life, the method of spiritual victory has become the logic of Ah Q's life.

Ah Q is also potentially revolutionary.Lu Xun once questioned whether Ah Q could participate in the revolution, and believed that Ah Q had dual personalities.

The statement gave a clear answer: "If there is no revolution in China, Ah Q will not do it. Since there is a revolution, he will do it. The fate of my Ah Q

, can only be like this, and I am afraid that there are not two personalities. "Ah Q is a poor peasant, an oppressed laborer, in

It is possible to lean toward revolution under certain conditions.He originally thought that "the revolutionary party is a rebellion" and made things difficult for him, so he "deeply hates and rebels"

Later, from the fact that Master Juren and Mr. Zhao were afraid of the revolution, he intuitively felt a little "fascinated" by the revolution.
"Yes. However, the revolution that Ah Q was "fascinated by" was only driven by the psychology of revenge against "a group of birds and men and women in Weizhuang".

It was the "pleasure" that came out of seeing that the revolution made "the well-known Juren lord in Baili have such a fear".So he went blind
He "destroyed his mother's life", but was kicked out by speculators such as fake foreign devils, and eventually became an unjust dead ghost.this is
Ah Q's tragic fate thus made a vivid artistic summary of the inevitability of the failure of the [-] Revolution.

"The True Story of Ah Q" shocks the soul

"The True Story of Ah Q" not only uses new concepts, new characters, themes, themes and various creative methods, but also uses rich
The rich content and profound thoughts broke the old pattern of traditional Chinese novels, washed the soul of the Chinese people, and showed the "May [-]th

"Achievements of the Literary Revolution.

The spiritual victory method in "The True Story of Ah Q" has become the most distinctive feature of the typical image of Ah Q.Mao Dun once analyzed "Ah Q" in this way
"The True Story": "The author's idea seems to be only to portray the unprogressive nature hidden in the bone marrow of the Chinese nation—"Ah Q
Mutually'.I think this is the reason why "The True Story of Ah Q" is valuable, and probably the main reason why "The True Story of Ah Q" is so popular
. He also said: "I also feel that the 'Ah Q phase' may not be entirely unique to the Chinese nation, but a common weakness of human beings.

At least, on the point of "sharpness but softness", the author has written about the general weakness of human nature. "

"The True Story of Ah Q" is subordinate to the author's life-long dedication to transforming the national character and the people
The historical theme of the inferiority of the family, and the image of Ah Q is a typical example of an unconscious and backward national character.As soon as the novel came out, the
It caused a huge shock to the hearts of the Chinese people. The image of Ah Q and the spirit of Ah Q became a common name in life and became people's "mouthpiece".
Head Zen", which inspires people to reflect on themselves, reflect on the historical development of the entire national character, examine the present of the nation and look forward to the nation
s future. The significance and influence of "The True Story of Ah Q" have already gone far beyond the scope of literature.enable each reader to reflect,

And "Ah Q", who made a nation reflect, is indeed a remarkable and immortal model.

(End of this chapter)