Daqin Empire Advanced Manual

Chapter 2 Seven Heroes of the Warring States Period (1)
秦国
"Historical Records" records the origin of the Qin tribe as follows: "Qin Zhixian, the grandson of Emperor Zhuanxu's Miao descendant is called Nvxiu." The ancestors of Qin were born from the eggs of birds, and at the same time, Qin civilization was born.

"Historical Records Qin Benji" records that in 770 BC, Qin Xianggong opened the way for the Zhou royal family who was trapped in the crisis of Rong and Di, and protected the Zhou king to the new capital.Because of Qin Xianggong's merits, King Ping first granted Qin the title of vassal, and promised that "if Qin can attack Rong, he will have his own land", and gave Qin the foundation of the Zhou family.From then on, the Qin family officially began to become the state of Qin.

After the people of Qin established their country, although they had the momentary hegemony of Duke Mu of Qin, they eventually became weaker and weaker.After several generations of chaotic regimes, such as Qin Jiangong, Qin Huigong, Qin Chugong, etc., Qin Xiangong Shi Xi succeeded to the throne and implemented some reform measures.In 361 BC, Qin Xiaogong Quliang ascended the throne as Qin Jun.At that time, the state of Qin had been oppressed by the state of Wei and shrunk to a corner.Under such circumstances, Duke Xiao of Qin promulgated a decree of seeking talents, "Anyone who can make a plan to strengthen Qin will divide the land with him!" Wei Yang, who was the son of Wei Guozhong at that time, entered Qin.Later, he was appointed as Zuo Shuchang and presided over the reform, known as Shang Yang's reform in history.The subsequent three generations of King Qin Huiwen, King Qin Wu, and King Qin Zhao continued to expand under the laws of Shang Jun.During this period, Zhang Yi's strategy of continuous horizontality and Fan Ju's strategy of distant friendship and short-term attack were adopted, and generals such as Sima Cuo and Bai Qi appeared.In the heyday of King Qin Zhaowang, the state of Qin had already embraced Bashu in the west, built Dujiangyan and made it a land of abundance; destroyed the Yiqu in the north, and basically solved the barbaric troubles in the northwest; connected with the state of Qi in the east, and extended its territory to Ding, a city in the southwestern part of Shandong Province. Tao; Wei Chu State in the south, so that Chu State moved its capital away from the front of Qin State.In order to unite the power of the whole country in the future, Bai Qi launched a Changping decisive battle with Zhao Guo, and finally dealt a heavy blow to Zhao Guo.After King Qin Zhao, King Qin Xiaowen and King Qin Zhuangxiang reigned for a short time. During this period, Lu Buwei, who was born as a businessman, was in charge of the government. , launched the war to destroy the six countries, and established the first unified centralized state in Chinese history.

monarch lineage

Qin Feizi 900 BC - 858 BC Zhou Xiaowang granted Feizi to Qinyi, and the country was established

Qin Hou 857 BC - 848 BC The second king of Qin State

Qin Gongbo 847 BC - 845 BC Son of the Marquis of Qin
Qin Zhong 844 BC - 822 BC son of Duke Qin

Duke Zhuang of Qin 821 BC - 778 BC The eldest son, the father, invited himself to attack the army, and made his younger brother, Duke Xiang, the crown prince

Duke Xiang of Qin 777 BC - 766 BC Second son of Duke Zhuang of Qin

Qin Wengong 765 BC - 716 BC Son of Qin Xianggong

Qin Ninggong 715 BC - 704 BC Qin Wen Gongsun, his father died young, so he succeeded to the throne

From 703 BC to 698 BC, the youngest son of Duke Ning of Qin

Qin Wugong 697 BC - 678 BC Qin Chuzi's elder brother.The first of its kind
Qin Degong 677 BC - 676 ​​BC Qin Wugong's younger brother

Qin Xuangong 675 BC - 664 BC Son of Qin Degong

Qin Chenggong 663 BC - 660 BC Qin Xuangong's younger brother

Duke Mu of Qin from 659 BC to 621 BC, younger brother of Duke Cheng of Qin.All the princes above Mu Gong lost their names, and Mu Gong's name was good.

Qin Kanggong 620 BC - 609 BC Son of Qin Mugong, nephew of Jin Wengong
Qin Gonggong 608 BC - 604 BC Qin Kanggong son.The name 貑.From then on, ten generations went to Linggong, and he lost his name (from "Historical Records". "Spring and Autumn" thought it was a total of four years)
Duke Huan of Qin from 603 BC to 577 BC, son of Duke Gong of Qin

Qin Jinggong 576 BC - 537 BC Son of Qin Huangong

Qin Aigong 536 BC - 501 BC Son of Qin Jinggong

Qin Huigong 500 BC - 492 BC, his father Qin Yigong died early

Qin Gonggong 491 BC - 477 BC Qin Huigong's son (from "Spring and Autumn". Or the following year is the year of Gong Gong)

Qin Li Gonggong 476 BC - 443 BC Qin Gonggong's son

Duke Qin Cao 442 BC - 429 BC Son of Duke Li of Qin
Qin Huaigong 428 BC - 425 BC Qin Cao's younger brother, son of Qin Li Gonggong

Qin Linggong 424 BC - 415 BC Grandson of Duke Huai of Qin, whose father Qin Zhaozi died early

Qin Jiangong 414 BC - 400 BC Qin Huaigong's son, Qin Linggong's uncle, Qin Zhaozi's younger brother
Duke Hui of Qin from 399 BC to 387 BC, son of Duke Huai of Qin

Qin Chuzi 386 BC - 385 BC Son of Duke Hui of Qin

Qin Xiangong 384 BC - 362 BC, the son was born two years ago, the minister killed the son and his mother, and welcomed the son of Ling Gong, Xian Gong

Qin Xiaogong 361 BC - 338 BC Son of Qin Xiangong.At the age of 21, he appointed Gongsun Yang, a guard, to carry out reforms during his term of office, and Qin became prosperous and strong.Gongsun Martingale, often called Wei Martingale.After 20 years of reform, the reform was successful, and he was named Shangjun, known as Shang Yang's reform in history
Qin Huiwen from 337 BC to 311 BC killed Shang Yang and used Shang Yang's method after ascending the throne
310 BC-307 BC King Qin Wu, son of King Qin Huiwen
Qin Zhaowang 306 BC - 251 BC

King Qin Xiaowen 250 BC - 250 BC

King Zhuangxiang of Qin from 249 BC to 247 BC

Qin Wangzheng 246 BC - 221 BC Unified China in 221 BC, the name of the country was Qin, and it was called the First Emperor
221 BC - 210 BC

The tyranny of Qin II from 209 BC to 207 BC, the whole world turned against Qin

Prince Qin died in 206 BC
Korea
The surname of the Han clan comes from the fief Han Yuan, which was originally an ordinary noble family in the Jin State in the Spring and Autumn Period.During the time of Jin Jinggong, a major incident occurred in the state of Jin in which the powerful minister Tu Anjia wiped out the Zhao family. The story of "Zhao's Orphan" makes this period of history full of drama.After the establishment of the Han family's status, the Zhao family and the Wei family successively eliminated other officials of the state of Jin such as the Zhi family, thus dividing up the state of Jin, which is known as the separation of the three Jins in history.

After Han Liguo destroyed Zheng, he moved his capital to Zhengcheng and named it Xinzheng.It is located in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, bordering Wei and Zhao in the north, Qi in the east, Chu in the south, and Qin in the west. Its land is the smallest among the seven kingdoms.Since then, the rest of the Jin Dynasty have implemented reforms to varying degrees, but South Korea has not changed.South Korea was the weakest among the three Jins, and the conflict suddenly intensified.Facing the situation of being weak, poor and even reduced to a second- and third-rate vassal state, in 351 BC, the reigning Marquis Han Zhao appointed Shen Buhui as his chancellor, carried out reforms in Korea, practiced "skills" in the dynasty, and rectified the ranks of officials. , so that the domestic political situation is stabilized and the privileges of the nobility are restricted. "Historical Records Biography of Lao Zi and Han Fei" commented: "In the body of Shen Zi, the country is governed and the army is strong, and there are no invaders."

However, as South Korea was defeated by Wei, Shen Buhai's Shuzhi reform turned South Korea into a Shuru state.Even with a legalist genius like Han Feizi, he could never become stronger again, and eventually became the first goal of Qin among the six great powers.

In 230 BC, Qin Gongnei Shi Teng led the Qin army across the Yellow River to attack South Korea, conquered Xinzheng, the capital of Han, captured Han Wang'an, and then occupied the entire territory of South Korea, and South Korea perished.

monarch lineage

From 408 BC to 400 BC, Han Jinghou was granted the title of vassal and established his capital in Pingyang
Han Liehou 399 BC - 387 BC Son of Han Jinghou

Han Wenhou 386 BC - 377 BC Son of Han Liehou

Han Aihou 376 BC - 375 BC Son of Han Wenhou

Han Yihou 374 BC - 363 BC His father Han Aihou was killed, and he was established

Han Zhaohou 362 BC - 333 BC Han Yihou's son, using Shen Buhui to reform
332 BC - 312 BC Son of Han Zhaohou, King Xuanhui of Han

King Han Xiang from 311 BC to 296 BC Son of King Han Xuanhui
King Hanli from 295 BC to 273 BC Son of King Han Xiang

From 272 BC to 239 BC, King Han Huanhui, the son of King Han Li, sent Zheng Guo to Qin and offered his party to Zhao

Han Wangan 238 BC - 230 BC, the son of King Han Huanhui, was captured in Qin, and later rebelled and was executed.Han death

Wei Guo
Wei Guo is the same as South Korea, the surname of the Wei clan comes from the fief Wei.After the three families were divided into Jin Dynasty, Wei State first carried out reforms. Wei Wenhou appointed Li Kui, reformed politics, rewarded farming and war, built water conservancy, developed economy and expanded national power.Li Kui's reform was the first reform in the history of the Warring States Period.

After the reform, the national power of Wei State grew rapidly. Wei Wenhou appointed Wu Qi, Le Yang, Ximen Bao, Zixia, Zhai Huang, Wei Cheng and others to restrict Zhao State. Since then, Wei State has become the most powerful country in the early Warring States period and the overlord of the Central Plains.

But after Wei Wuhou came to the throne, the state of Wei no longer actively sought changes, and the political tradition of eager for virtuous relatives began to fade into aristocratic superficial articles, which finally led to Wu Qi's departure.Starting from King Hui of Wei, many top talents such as Sun Bin, Shang Yang, Zhang Yi, Fan Ju, Le Yi, Wei Liao, etc. have been lost successively. As a result, the national power has been deteriorating. In the state of Qin, "the south was humiliated by Chu", and the state of Wei could no longer relax.Although the appearance of Wei Wuji, the king of Xinling in the later period of Wei State, once brought a little sign of ZTE, but with Lord Xinling being deposed and dying of depression, Wei State had no power to recover.

In 225 BC, General Wang Ben of the State of Qin suddenly attacked the State of Wei and surrounded Daliang, the capital of Wei.Relying on the city defense fortifications, Wei Jun desperately defended.The Qin army's strong attack was ineffective, so they poured water from the Yellow River and the Dagou to irrigate the city.Three months later, Daliang City was destroyed.The king of Wei surrendered on false grounds, and Wei died.

monarch lineage

Wei Wenhou was named a prince from 445 BC to 396 BC

Wei Wuhou 395 BC - 370 BC Son of Wei Wenhou

Wei Huiwang 369 BC - 319 BC The son of Wei Wuhou, Wei Guoli reached its peak

King Wei Xiang 318 BC - 296 BC Son of King Wei Hui

King Wei Zhao 295 BC - 277 BC Son of King Wei Xiang

276 BC - 243 BC, son of King Wei Zhao of Wei Anli

King Wei Jingmin 242 BC - 230 BC Son of King Wei Anli
King Wei 229 BC - 225 BC The son of King Jingmin of Wei, surrendered to Qin, and died of Wei
Zhao Guo
Qin and Zhao have the same origin, which is also recorded in "Historical Records".The Qin people and the Zhao people were originally from the same branch. The zaofu owed a lot to the fact that the Zhou family was sealed in Zhaocheng, and the Zhao family became independent.Later, the Zhao family settled down in the state of Jin and gradually became a prominent family.In 601 BC, after the death of Zhao Dun, Tu Anjia launched an attack on the Zhao family, and only the orphans of the Zhao family were preserved.After this incident, Zhao's vitality was greatly damaged.

After the three families were divided into the Jin Dynasty, the Zhao family established the country, but due to geographical factors, it was surrounded by many powerful countries in the place of the Fourth World War, and its national power was not strong. It was constantly harassed and plundered by Lin Hu and Lou Fan.In 307 B.C., under the leadership of King Wuling of Zhao, the State of Zhao carried out the "Hufu Riding and Shooting" reform, abandoning the Central Plains people's loose clothing and belts and chariot tactics, and replaced them with short clothes with tight sleeves, belts around the body, and leather boots. Hu clothing and single cavalry tactics.Taking this as a basic point to comprehensively study the Hu people's reform strategy has achieved great results. Zhao Guo's army has grown greatly, and based on this, he attacked Zhongshan in the northeast, defeated Linhu and Loufan in the northwest, and set up Yunzhong and Yanmen in northern Xinjiang. The three counties of Hedai defeated the Qin army in the battle of Yanyu, but suffered heavy losses in the battle of Changping.After that, thanks to the assistance of Wei Guo, Zhao Guo won the victory in the next Handan defense battle.Since then, although Zhao State had a small victory in the war with Qin State, it could not recover the defeat.In 229 BC, Qin general Wang Jian led his army to destroy Zhao. He first eliminated the famous general Li Mu with countermeasures, and then broke through Jingxingkou and captured Handan.Captured Zhao Wangqian in 228 BC.Although the son Zhao Jia fled to Daidi and became the king of Dai, he still died in Qin State five years later, and Zhao State officially perished since then.

monarch lineage

Zhao Liehou was the son of Zhao Xianhou from 409 BC to 400 BC.In six years, the first princes
Zhao Jinghou 386 BC - 375 BC Son of Zhao Liehou

Zhao Chenghou 374 BC - 350 BC Son of Zhao Jinghou

Zhao Suhou 349 BC - 326 BC Son of Zhao Chenghou

From 325 BC to 298 BC, King Wuling of Zhao adopted the "Hu Fu Riding and Shooting" reform, and Zhao was able to prosper
King Zhao Huiwen starved to death from 298 BC to 266 BC, and his father Zhao Wuling died of starvation.

King Zhao Xiaocheng was defeated in the Battle of Changping from 265 BC to 245 BC
King Zhao Mourning 244 BC - 236 BC Son of King Zhao Xiaocheng
Zhao Wangqian 235 BC - 228 BC Zhao Mourning King's son, was exiled by Qin

Dai Wang Jia 227 BC - 225 BC The brother of King Zhao Youmiao, acquired by Qin, Zhao died
Yan Guo
Yan State is the country with the longest history among the Seven Great War States.According to "Historical Records", after King Wu of Zhou destroyed Shang, he enfeoffed his younger brother Zhao Gong in Yan, and the capital of Yan State was in Ji.After the founding of the state of Yan, due to its remoteness and impassable roads, there were very few contacts with other parts of the Central Plains, so that the records of the history of Yan in "Historical Records" are very vague.In the early Spring and Autumn Period, the Yan State was invaded by the mountain army and was almost subjugated. Only with the military assistance of the Qi State "respecting the king and fighting against the barbarians" was it able to survive.

In the early period of the Warring States Period, the State of Yan had been doing nothing until Su Qin launched a joint campaign in the State of Yan.However, not long after the reunion, the newly ascended king of Yan "appointed" the throne to Xiangbang Zizhi, which caused Yan's internal strife, resulting in the disintegration of people's hearts and serious weakening of national power, and led to Qi's attack on Yan, making Yan almost And thus perish.

(End of this chapter)