Qing Dynasty Secret History

Chapter 133 Wang Zhaoming was arrested for the assassination and Sun Hongyi's petition failed

It is said that this year's new and old government affairs have been extremely hectic.After Xiaoqin, Emperor Dezong's Zi Palace was enshrined twice, and the divine tablet was raised twice.In addition, in the new policy, such as preparing the navy and army, dispatching Zai Xun and Sa Zhenbing to inspect the armaments of the provinces along the river and the coast, and then to European countries to inspect the navy; promulgating the charter of the Zizheng Yuan, opening meetings of the provincial councils, issuing orders to exhort members and governors , Nanyang Persuasion Association was founded in Jiangsu, and Zhang Renjun was specially appointed as the chairman; various regulations were issued to clean up the Finance Department, and a new chapter was stipulated that all Dingyou personnel, regardless of Manchu and Han, would leave their posts; issued an order to ban smoking; approved local self-government; He also ordered Zaizhen to go to Japan and Dai Hongci to go to Russia to express his gratitude for the kindness of sending an envoy to Zigong.

In terms of diplomacy, the newly established terms are the five major cases of negotiation with Japan.In the three northeastern provinces, Japan moved freely because of the reconstruction of the Anfeng Railway.There were two more investigations and investigations: one was the investigation and investigation of Lu Haihuan, the Minister of Jinpu Railway, who was sent to work for Li Deshun, a member of the Supervision Bureau, who committed fraud for personal gain; The Empress Dowager Longyu took pictures outside the palace. She was willful and capricious, and she didn't know the general situation.Among the senior officials, Zhang Zhidong and Sun Jianai withered away, and each of them bestowed officials with posthumous posthumous titles, which was extremely honorable and mournful.

The year is easy, and it is the new year.This year was the second year of Xuantong's second year of Gengshu. Unexpectedly, two major disturbances occurred in the first month, and Jian Guo was extremely depressed.One is that the Guangdong New Army fought with patrol police, and the Revolutionary Party took the opportunity to start an incident.First, the second standard of the army and the policemen started a verbal quarrel, and then because the commanding officer was not allowed to have a holiday, the soldiers of the first standard battalion fought first, and the commanding officer Liu Yupei flinched away.When the battalion soldiers saw that the commander had fled, they became more courageous and made more noise.

Ni Yingdian of the Revolutionary Party took the opportunity to incite all members, intending to start an incident, and made a public statement. It would be better to have a fundamental solution, to overthrow the Manchu Qing once and for all.When the defense army got the letter, they immediately rushed to them with their guns in hand and opened fire to bombard them.After fighting for a long time, the new army was severely injured, 28 were killed, and 36 were captured and executed.More than [-] party members were arrested successively. As for the officers and soldiers, Hu Sishen, an officer of the first battalion, Song Diankui, an officer of the second battalion, Gong Li Zhenglai, the second battalion officer, and many sergeants were also injured.Another failure of this revolution was Sichuan soldiers entering Tibet and the Dalai Lama fleeing to India.At present, Jian Guo discussed with all the ministers of military affairs for a while, and ordered to draw up an order to reprimand and punish the officials of the Guangdong New Army respectively;The speech said: Tibet Dalai Lama Ngawang Lobu Zang Tubu Danjiacuoji Village Wang Quque Lelang Jie, Suhe first met with kindness, extremely excellent and fertile!The Dalai Lama has a conscience, so how should he practice the classics devoutly and abide by the previous rules in order to pass on the Yellow Sect.But since he took charge of business affairs, he has been extravagant, profligate and violent, which is unprecedented!They are even domineering and reckless, arbitrarily disobeying the orders of the court, abusing Tibetans, and making light of provocations.In June of the [-]th year of Guangxu, he took advantage of the chaos and fled. The Dalai Lama was disreputed by the Minister in Tibet. According to the facts, the Dalai Lama was rectified and decreed to remove his name temporarily. The Dalai Lama traveled to Kulun and returned to Xining. , I hope that it will change from the new one, and the local officials will ask and take care of it at any time.The year before last, he came to Beijing for an exhibition, and was given a title, Xilai Pian Fan, and when he set off to return to Tibet, he was sent to escort him.Although the Dalai Lama stayed along the way and needed to be harassed, he did everything he could to show his empathy, forgiving the past and planning for the future. His intentions were profound!
This time the Sichuan soldiers entered Tibet for the sole purpose of suppressing the region and protecting the opening of ports. Tibetans have no doubts about it.

After returning to Tibet, the Dalai Lama spread rumors, used excuses to resist, slandered the ministers, stopped supplying, repeated scriptures and enlightened him, and turned a deaf ear.According to the report from Lianyu and other sources, the Dalai Lama had just arrived in Lhasa without reporting, and sneaked out on the third day and night of the first month of the first lunar month. So far no whereabouts.In charge of educational affairs, why leave without authorization again and again?Moreover, the Dalai Lama has repeated cunning and cunning, and was born from the outside. He is really responsible for the country's grace and disappoints the expectations of the people. He is not enough to be the leader of Hutuktu!Ngawang Lobu Zang Tubu Danjia Cuoji Village Wang Ququelelangjie immediately removed the name of the Dalai Lama as a punishment!

Afterwards, no matter where he fled, and whether he returned to Tibet or not, he was regarded as the same as Qi Min.He also asked the Minister in Tibet to immediately visit the person who had the supernatural child, wrote the famous note, and put it in the gold vase according to the case.The imperial court expresses joy and evil, and upholds greatness. All monks and laymen in Tibet are my sons and daughters. After this decree, they have complied with the law and maintained law and order together. It is worthy of my sincerity to appease the frontier and maintain the Yellow Sect!This is it.

These two matters had just been settled, and the alarm came again in Shanxi and Hunan provinces.In Shanxi, the people of Jiaocheng and Wenshui counties rioted over the ban on smoking; in Hunan, the hungry people of Changsha rioted over the incident of Migui, burning down the governor's office, churches and schools.What Shanxi eats is black rice, and what Hunan eats is white rice, but it’s just a matter of taste.After reading the electronic performances, Jian Guo sent decrees to complete the execution respectively, and the officials in both places were severely punished.

In handling the general affairs in the prison country, I finally worked hard and worked hard, and I was worthy of the country and the people.Unexpectedly, there are some people among the people who strongly disagree with him and are determined to put him to death.His surname is Wang, his first name is Zhaoming, and his courtesy name is Jingwei. He is a well-known figure in the Revolutionary Party.Seeking to build a republic, Zhi Cun assassinated, and brought a bomb to Beijing, intending to blow up the regent into toner, and use the power of this bomb to alert the people of the dream of constitutionalism.The secret was not kept secret, so he was arrested by officials.

This Wang Jingwei was really powerful, and when he came to the court, he confessed directly and bluntly.After all, in the preparatory constitutional era, it seems that such a political repeat offender was only sentenced to eternal imprisonment.

The people's desire to save the country is different; the methods are also different.There are drastic means such as assassinating the revolution; there are also steady means such as Fu Que's letter.It cannot be said that using drastic means is saving the country, but using steady means is not saving the country. Where do we start with this?It turned out that Sun Hongyi, a member of the Zhili Provincial Advisory Bureau, and others, had jointly signed a letter last winter, petitioning for the expedited opening of the Congress.At that time, Jian Guo ordered that the preparations for the next nine years had been completed and the national education would be popularized, and then resolutely issued an order to convene the parliament regularly.Because Sun Hongyi's petition was unsuccessful, he refused to stop and wrote to all provinces to proceed.At this moment, representatives from all provinces and banners have been united for the second petition.His speech said: In the winter of last year, a certain Fuque wrote a letter, calling for the opening of the Congress as soon as possible.Meng Wenzhi comforted and encouraged me, kneeling down to read, I was so grateful!A certain person is equally conscientious, if the current situation can still be supported, there are other strategies to save the country, and how can he bear the insults before Chen Junfu, causing heavy burdens?However, the decree of the government must be carefully interpreted, and it must be established in the period of constitutional government, and it must be held in the period of parliament.The reason why it is prudent to seek maintenance is that the preparations are not complete, the national level is not uniform, and it is said that the Council of Ministers can be the basis of the National Assembly, so it is still nine years.However, the reason why some people say that the National Assembly must be held immediately is also because the preparations are not complete, the national level is not uniform, and the nature of the Senior Council is not yet clear.Now I would like to share the reasons for my majesty.

On the one hand, if we want to complete the preparations for constitutionalism, we must hold the National Assembly.If there is a Congress, then constitutional government can be held; without a Congress, the so-called preparations are empty talk.The official suddenly heard it, and it seemed close to agitation, but he proved that the politics of the past two years were not false.The ministries inside and the provinces outside, in their preparation for constitutional government, there is little sincerity and more perfunctory meaning.Looking at his report, it is as bright as spring flowers; according to its reality, it is as insignificant as the shadow of the wind.The situation has been like this for two years, and it can be known for nine years!Therefore, because there is no Congress to stand beside it, the voices of the people and the bureaucracy are separated, which is the beginning; then the administrator cannot rely on the research of the people of the whole country to determine his policy policy, and his successor; because there is no Congress to compile laws Laws and regulations, all politics have nothing to abide by, and the end is also.Since there is no congressional legal inquiry, the responsibility of the administrator is in name but in reality, with a beginning and no end.The reason why the imperial court made repeated orders to urge the preparation of a constitutional government is not out of the sincerity of governing the country and the people?If today's bureaucrats do not implement it effectively, the country will be even more financially impoverished than before because of the preparation for constitutional government, and its vitality will be even more damaged!It is our country that is making preparations day by day, but the benefits of constitutionalism have not yet been reaped, and the harm has already been done first.Considering the establishment of constitutionalism in various countries, only the United Kingdom developed naturally; the rest of the countries imitated the United Kingdom to a large extent.Thanks to the constitutional system, the most important organs are complete.If one is discarded and the other is chosen, then the application will not be effective, and instead it will bring disaster.But imitating the whole of it will be of great benefit and no harm.What people get after a few deliberations, our country can absorb it instantly.A little dawdling will endanger the foundation of the country!Husband's country today is the embryonic era of constitutional government, that is, the organization of the current Congress is not entirely suitable, but it should be true.And if the Congress is not established, the preparations will not be complete for a day. This is an inevitable trend.

However, if our country wants to prepare for a constitutional government, it should open a parliament as soon as possible.

One said that if we want to have a uniform national level, we must hold a national assembly.Husband and Congress, so the evolution of the national level.If there is no congress, that is, the level of the people will never increase.Today, with the level of the European and American people, we can honestly see that our country is not as good as it is.If we participate in our Congress at the level of our people, how can we suddenly see its low level?Husband and state affairs have a special historical and political climate, that is, each has its own ability to respond.Since you can't force each other to do this, how can you restrain yourself to promote others?Moreover, the parliamentary system does not mean that all people participate in state affairs.There is no common practice in the world, and countries that elect elections must have limited qualifications.The elections of the Council of Senior Citizens and the Consultative Council of our country belong to this kind of restrictive system.Among the tens of millions of people, select a few who have the ability to vote, and among thousands of people, choose a few who have the ability to be elected.Since the country is more restrictive than before, it is still a violation of its laws to say that the degree is insufficient.What's more, most of the members of the National Assembly who will be elected in the future must be those who have had official positions and prestige, not purely members of the people.However, because it was elected by the people, it is called the people in confusion.For example, at present, most of the members of the councils of the provincial councils are registered staff members.

He is a gentry and the people in his native place; he is an official in other provinces.He was hired by the imperial court before, and later he was invited to be praised by the township council. Isn't his level inferior to that of ordinary officials?Secondly, there are many new and wise people among them. Recently, the imperial court has often hired such talents with exceptions. All the ministries and government offices of the new government have called them one after another and entrusted them with important powers. yeah?Therefore, members of parliament are generally regarded as the people. Because the level of the people is not as good as that of the people, and those who say that the level of parliamentarians are not enough, we are small people, and we don't like to hear it!As for all members of the council, although there is no lack of a minority, the politics of the constitutional government is determined by the majority.If the level of a few people is insufficient, what harm does it do?That is to say, how can everyone be competent for the officials of the whole country?

The talents of a husband's autocratic country are dedicated to officials; the talents of a constitutional country are distributed among the ruling and opposition parties.This is true of all European and American countries.If the law of judging talents by an autocratic country is applied to a constitutional country, much will be lost!And those who seek the same level of intelligence are said by the majority of the people, and their effect lies in the education 20 years later; those who seek a higher level of intelligence are said by the minority of people, and their origin lies in the current politics.It is said that it is urgent for China to select outstanding people from the people and allow them to participate in politics.The majority of its citizens, on the one hand, popularize education, and on the other hand, use politics to melt it together, and the two go hand in hand without conflicting.If the level of the people is uniform, there will be no time to start the Congress!However, in our country today, as long as it wants to cultivate its citizens, it should open a parliament as soon as possible.

One said that the Zizheng Yuan cannot be used on behalf of the National Assembly.The Fuzizhengyuan is the foundation of the upper and lower houses, which is close to the single house system in various countries.However, if you look closely at its nature, it is very different from the Congress.The monarch is irresponsible to support the good law of the head of state for the constitution, and when there is a dispute between the council and the ministers, it waits for the holy ruling.Taoism still regards the monarch as the charge of responsibility, and the ministers escape from the responsibility, and the administrator does not serve as a member of the council, and it is also a good law for the constitutional country.As for the members of the Zizhengyuan, there are members of various ministries, which are still mixed administrative and legislative organs.President Kuang and vice presidents are more respected than members of parliament, especially those who belong to the administrative department.When a country promulgates a decree and establishes an agency, it first depends on its organization and licensing rights, and then it is effective, so there are differences.The organization and licensing rights of the Zizheng Yuan are not harmonious, which is not beneficial to the people, nor to the officials!It is feared that after the opening of the hospital, it will lead to a conflict between the ruling and the opposition factions, and the administrators will be at a loss as to what to do. It is a sign of frost, and those who know it are worried!Therefore, since the imperial court wants to implement constitutionalism, it must start with the dismissal of the Political Council and the opening of the National Assembly.According to the above-mentioned festivals, it is actually in harmony with the decree issued last winter, and the spirit is hidden, and I think it is in the insight of Shengming!For those who are more interested, the public opinion in the middle of the country is now confused, and most of them are ignorant of the difficulties of the imperial court's efforts to govern, and they are full of hope.Whether fighting for roads and mines, or refusing to borrow foreign money, or attacking bureaucrats, there is always the disadvantage of being fanatical and ignorant of the facts.Even those who preside over public opinion also use the habit of extreme provocation to invite reputation in the society.However, the society is swayed by the wind, and is submerged in the dripping public opinion, unable to extricate itself.All the beaks are contending, and the axioms are obscured. Not only the imperial court listens to it, even the scholar-bureaucrats dare not hear about state affairs.The crisis has come to this point because there is no congress to unify and train public opinion.In an autocratic state, there is no organ for the people to participate in politics, so public opinion spreads in the society.It is owned by a constitutional state, so public opinion returns to Congress.Public opinion is scattered throughout the society, so there is no unity and no training, and it is appropriate to confuse right and wrong.Public opinion is brought back to the Congress, and those who preside over public opinion are controlled by the law in everything and have a certain trajectory.It is to determine the country's major plans for the government to adopt.As for the people outside the Congress, because there is a Congress standing in the middle of the country, hundreds of thousands of members participate in the state affairs, and there is a definite responsible cabinet, they can't make unreasonable opinions and stir up disturbances.When countries do not have a constitution, public opinion is rampant.After the constitution is established, the people will be safe and their duties will be kept, and you can know the magical effect of this meeting.There is a way in the world, and if the common people don't discuss it, there is no reason to discuss it because of the prosperous age.If the National Assembly is in session, common people don't have to discuss it, because there are members who represent the common people to discuss politics.Our country has recently been in power to see that the people in the country have become agitated, and I am afraid that after the opening of the National Assembly, the people will occupy the organs and it will be more difficult to restrain.This fallacy is the exact opposite of world governance.In the two countries of Husband, Britain and France, when the people demanded a constitution the day before yesterday, a revolution broke out, and there was no peace every year.In the early years of the Meiji era, the Japanese people also experienced several revolutions.Today, the people of Britain, France and Japan all abide by the law and perform their duties.Why?The national system has been settled, the hearts of the people have been settled, and there is no reason for chaos.If our country can step by step follow the norms of other countries, and rush to the Congress to reach the hearts of the people, the country will be safe and prosperous, and we can wait for it!If we continue to be indecisive, the sentiment of the people will become increasingly depressed. I fear that even if we want to establish a constitution in the future, it will be too late to tidy up the hearts of the people!A certain class observed the mutinies and civil uprisings in various provinces in recent times, and there have been dozens of them.The world is in a state of turmoil, and when troubles arise, even if it is temporarily extinguished, there will be a time to take risks!If there is no thunderous move by the imperial court, with the vitality of Zhaosu Bohai, fear that people's hearts will never come back, and the fate of the country will be lost!The tide is surging, how can it be imagined?Recently, the people have been discussing secretly that the crisis of the overthrow of our country in the past dynasties and the reasons for the demise of countries in the world are all ready in our country today, and we are afraid that the country's affairs will be over from now on!Some people listened to it suddenly and hated such ominous words.But in a flash, the mind and soul are unavoidably disturbed, and feel that all the misery of the future hangs in the dream.Therefore, today I have no choice but to listen to the sage, and I hope that my majesty will remember the importance entrusted to him by his ancestors, empathize with the late emperor's desire for governance, dispel the false rumors, and quickly promulgate the imperial edict of the National Assembly, and share the safety of the country with [-] million people!Then some people are willing to offend the taboo, anoint their bodies with axes and axes!Fortunately for the country!
Fortunately for the ancestors!

After viewing it, Jian Guo was also quite moved. Because of the importance of the matter, he submitted it to the administrative affairs office of the conference for approval.

On May [-]th, all the ministers gathered at the Administrative Office, and Na Tong, Minister of Military Aircraft, spoke first: "Today is a matter of petitioning the National Assembly. I must ask you to read the papers. Everyone has responded." Yes." After waiting for a long time, there was no booklet taken out. At that moment, Prince Qing Yikuang arrived, and everyone greeted him. As soon as Yikuang entered the door, he said, "I'm a step late, how is your meeting going?" "

Natong said: "I should have asked you to read the papers, but because the prince has not arrived, he has not handed them over."

Yikuang is about to hand in the notebook for reading.Not halfway through the circulation, Yikuang said: "I have something to do at home, so I have to take a step first. How to deal with this matter, let's talk about it after everyone has discussed it!"

Everyone answered "yes".Yikuang was just about to leave when he suddenly saw a person coming out of the crowd: "Wait a minute, my lord, Zhang Jing still has something to say!"

When Yikuang stopped to watch, he saw that the speaker was Wu Yusheng, Wu Shilang, who was learning to walk on the military aircraft minister of the new sect, and said, "What does the servant have to teach?"

Wu Yusheng said: "The act of establishing a constitution was originally a great favor of the imperial court. The parliament should be opened early or late, and the top has its own balance. How can the subjects be allowed to blaspheme? Therefore, Zhang Jing has drawn up the draft of the decree and submitted it to the prince. "Xia" said, he took out the word "Zhang" from the boots, and Yiqiang didn't use his hands to pick it up, and said with a smile: "It's a good idea, please leave it to Prince Su for consideration. Forgive me for something at home, I don't have time to learn it." !"

After finishing speaking, he went out without looking back.Wu Yusheng was bored, and suddenly felt hot on his cheeks, so he had to hand over the manuscript to Prince Su Shanqi.Seeing Wu Yusheng so blank, everyone couldn't help laughing secretly.When Shanqi came to see it, he saw that it said: According to the report of the Metropolitan Procuratorate, Sun Hongyi, a member of the Advisory Bureau, and other representatives of the provincial banners, petitioned for a [-]% discount on the opening of the National Congress.In December of last year, according to the joint petition of members of the Zhili Provincial Advisory Bureau, the matter of expeditious opening of the House of Representatives has been clearly announced. After nine years of preparations are complete and the national level is popularized, an order must be resolutely issued to hold regular meetings.The intention of the imperial court to be prudent in trying to maintain peace is nothing more than wishing that our subjects will not be greedy for false fame and achieve actual results.This year, the Constitutional and Political Compilation and Inspection Office dispatched appropriate personnel to go to each province to conduct a careful assessment according to the preparation list, and order the provinces to report the preparation matters as needed, and to add a detailed budget.This day, I interviewed the administrative ministers of various yamen face to face, and they all said that everything was not yet fully prepared in accordance with the schedule.

I look forward to inheriting the heavy entrustment of the previous dynasty, and I look forward to the appeal of the subjects, and I work hard day and night. I sincerely hope that the constitutional government will be established sooner, that is, the day's worries will be relieved sooner.But thinking about the country is the most important thing, the constitutional government is the most complicated, and the priority is the order, which is tied to the order and safety.The status of the House of Representatives is only one of the organs involved in the legislation in the Constitution.Why is it that it is not important to complement each other with the House of Representatives, and it is not possible to participate in the Han Yuan?And it is said that as soon as the House of Representatives is opened, it will be able to achieve full power and achieve national governance. This is also unreasonable in ancient and modern China and abroad.Moreover, given the vastness of our country, the financial difficulties in recent times, local disasters and dangers, bandits causing trouble, all hinder the future of constitutionalism, and there are no obstacles.However, the imperial court did not slack off its responsibilities as scheduled.Xiaomai's eagerness to seek governance should be forgiven by the people of Bohai!In September of this year, when the Senior Citizens Council opens, a decree has been issued to select members and hold a meeting in advance.If we can work together as one, we will not only build the foundation of the Legislative Council, but also maintain the spirit of the Council!I praised Qianmo, and decided to wait until nine years to complete the preparations, and then issue a decree to convene the House of Representatives on a regular basis.I am well aware of your loyalty and love, but this is a big matter, and it should be orderly.
Zi Te issued an order to know it.This is it.

If you want to know what Shanqi said after watching it, let's listen to the next chapter.

(End of this chapter)