The FBI teaches you lie detection, people reading and intelligence skills

Chapter 29 The Tension Peak Test: Is He a Criminal?
THE PEAK OF TENSION (POT for short) is the range of the target problem is known, and the range can be exhausted, but the result is unknown, the permutation stimulus test is adopted, by comparing the tension of the tested people to the related problems , a test method to probe the results.

§§§The characteristics of the tension peak test method in the first section

In the psychological test of suspects in criminal cases, the tension peak test method has been rarely used in identifying crimes, and the crime has been identified through the criminal circumstances test method, suspected informed participation test method, and yardstick question test method, but there is no definite evidence. In the case of serious crimes, the tension peak test method is used to scan and investigate the suspect's criminal motives, dig deep into remaining crimes, and provide unknown clues (such as the type of murder weapon and hiding place, the whereabouts of stolen goods, time, place, means, number of people, tools, crimes, etc.) access, etc.), confirming the authenticity of confessions, etc., providing scientific basis for investigation and interrogation, and has an irreplaceable role in other methods.

Compared with the crime plot test method, the accuracy of the tension peak test method is a little worse, because the crime plot test method uses multiple sets of questions to reflect a question "is it a criminal" under the condition of known results, while the tension peak test method The method is to use a question to confirm a result when the result is unknown, so it is more susceptible to interference by accidental factors.When using the tension peak test method, one should try to confirm the same result from multiple angles, and analyze the results obtained from the test from multiple angles and levels, and eliminate the interference of other factors as much as possible to obtain the correct result.

The accuracy rate of the tension peak test method, through actual combat summary research, domestic psychological test experts believe: "The accuracy of the tension peak test method in our application is generally 70% ~ 80%".However, my country's research in this area is still in the initial stage, and it is still necessary to accumulate a large amount of test data in actual combat for research and verification.

Although the tension peak test method cannot be said to be the best method for psychological testers, in the process of psychological testing, the crime scenario test method can sometimes be transformed into a tension peak test method, especially the suspected informed participation test method and other crime scenario test methods When the question group has identified a crime, the results of the tension peak test method are of great value as confirmation, especially for some unconfirmed matters, which can point out the direction, provide clues, and enhance the confidence of investigators.

In the test of a poisoning case, the suspected informed participation test method and other criminal circumstances test methods have determined that the crime was committed by Zhang XX, but after the test, it was found that the time of committing the crime and the amount of poisoning did not match those provided by the on-site investigation technology. .The crime situation provided by the on-site investigators is: the time of committing the crime is 2:0.25, and the amount of poison injected is 4 kg.However, through the test on the criminal suspect, it was known that the person had a strong reaction at 0.5 points and [-] kg dose, and had an obvious reaction after three tests. Therefore, the psychological testers provided scientific basis and clues to the investigators , and at the same time corrected the erroneous conclusions on the exploration technology.After interrogation, Zhang Moumou confessed the facts of the crime, and his confession was completely consistent with the conclusion of the psychological test.

Tension peak test method is a method of testing cognition, which is based on the use of the subject's cognition and attention to the target problem or key problem, whose psychophysiological response is greater than other foil problems, so as to determine whether he knows the target problem or key issues.The characteristic of the tense peak test is that only the criminals know the exact answers to the target questions or key questions, but we don’t know, such as crime tools, murder weapons, whereabouts of stolen money, corpse burial place, crime motive, etc. .This is an important difference from the crime scenario test (where both we and the criminal know exactly the answer to the target question).It is precisely because of this characteristic of the tension peak test that the tension peak test is rarely used in lie detection practice.

In the practice of polygraph detection in our country, polygraphers often give up the method of polygraph detection when encountering a case where the criminal circumstances test method is not available, which greatly limits the role of polygraph detection in handling cases.In fact, the tense peak test method is a very useful polygraph test method, which can be used in polygraph tests in various cases, and it can completely play the role of the criminal plot test method to a certain extent.

§§§Second Section Tension Peak Test Method Test Questions

Let's look at a set of test questions for the tension peak test method:

Topic 1: "How many people do you know killed Zhang Zhihe and the perpetrators?" (one to five people)
Topic 2. "Do you know who killed Zhang Zhihe's perpetrators?" (Dahougou and several surrounding villages)
Topic 3. "Do you know how old the perpetrator who killed Zhang Zhihe was?" (Teens to sixties)
Topic 4. "Do you know what weapon the perpetrator used to kill Zhang Zhihe?" (The weapon was an axe, hammer, pickaxe, planing adze, stones, sticks, hammer, and other items.)
Topic 5. "Do you know how many times the perpetrator who killed Zhang Zhihe hit the victim?" (One or two hits to many times)

Topic 6. "Do you know what the perpetrator took from the victim?" (Lighters, mobile phones, passbooks, money, watches, cigarettes and nothing were taken away)

Topic 7. "Do you know from which direction the perpetrator hit the victim?" (from the front, back, left side, right side)

Topic 8. "Have you seen the victim on the night of the crime?" (Whether you have seen the victim once to five times or not)

Topic 9. "Do you know where the perpetrator threw the murder weapon after committing the crime?" (The murder weapon was thrown at your own home, someone else's home, at the scene, halfway, in the wild, or other places.)
Topic 10. "Do you know which direction the perpetrator escaped from after committing the crime?" (The perpetrator escaped from several villages surrounding the scene)

Topic 11. "Do you know where the perpetrator got the weapon used to kill Zhang Zhihe?" (The weapon was picked up from your own home, a neighbor's home, a relative's home, a friend's home, or other places)
Topic 12. "Do you know where the victim's bloody clothes went after the perpetrator committed the crime?" (The bloody clothes are hidden in your own home, relative's house, friend's house, brothers and sisters' house, other people's house, other places.)
Topic 13. "Do you know where did the perpetrator go after committing the crime?" (The perpetrator went to sleep at his own home or someone else's house after committing the crime, played mahjong, surfed the Internet, played poker, and watched TV)

§§§The test results of the tension peak test method in the third section

Next, let's look at the test results of the tension peak test method.

Tension peak test method 1 question, "How many people are the perpetrators?" After four tests, Chen Wujun had obvious cognitive and psychological physiological reactions in the "one-person crime", proving that Chen Wu knew that "one-person crime";
Tension peak test method 2 question, "Where is the perpetrator from?" After four tests, all of them had the greatest cognitive, psychological and physiological reactions in the crime committed by Dahougou people (Chen Wu answered that he didn't know), which showed that Chen Wu knew " The murderer is from Dahougou."

Tension peak test method 3 questions, "How old is the perpetrator?" After four tests, Chen Wu has the greatest cognitive, psychological and physiological response to "the perpetrator is in his twenties", which shows that Chen Wu knows that "the perpetrator is in his twenties." How old are you?"

Tension peak test method 4 questions, "What weapon did the perpetrator use to hit Zhang Zhihe?" After four tests, Chen Wu had the greatest cognitive psychophysiological response on "The perpetrator was Zhang Zhihe who was hit by an axe". It shows that Chen Wu knows that "the murder weapon is an axe". (After the interrogation, it was determined that the murder weapon was indeed an ax)
Tension peak test method 5 questions, "How many hits did the perpetrator hit Zhang Zhihe?" After four tests, Chen Wu did not have a consistent psychological and physiological response to this set of questions.

Tension peak test method 6 questions, "Did the perpetrator steal anything from the victim?" After four tests, Chen Wu had the greatest cognitive psychophysiological response to "the money was stolen from the victim", indicating that Chen Wu Know that "the perpetrator is stealing money from the victim". (After the test, the interrogation confessed that the money was stolen from the victim)

Question 7 of the tension peak test method, "From what direction did the perpetrator hit Zhang Zhihe?" After four tests, Chen Wu had the greatest cognitive psychophysiological response to "hitting from the right side". (The interrogation confession after the test was struck from the right side.)
Tension peak test method 8 questions, "Did you see the victim on the night of the crime?" After four tests, Chen Wu did not have a consistent psychological and physiological response to this set of questions.

Tension peak test method 9 questions, "Which direction did the murderer run after the incident?" After four tests, Chen Wu had the greatest cognitive psychophysiological response to "The murderer ran in the direction of Donggoumen". (Afterwards interrogation proved that Chen Wu ran towards Donggoumen after committing the crime)

Tension peak test method 10 questions, "Where did the murderer get the tools for committing the crime?" After four tests, Chen Wu had the greatest cognitive psychophysiological response to "it was taken from his own home and from someone else's home" . (After the test, the interrogation weapon was brought from his own home.)
Tension peak test method 11, "Where did the murderer throw the murder weapon after committing the crime?" After four tests, Chen Wu had the greatest cognitive psychophysiological response to "The murderer threw the murder weapon halfway". (The murder weapon was found halfway through the post-test interrogation.)
Tension peak test method 12 questions, "Where did the murderer hide the bloody clothes?" After four tests, Chen Wu had obvious cognitive psychological and physiological responses to "whether it was hidden in his own home or thrown elsewhere" . (After the test, Chen Wu interrogated Chen Wu's jacket at his home, and his trousers were thrown outside the store where he bought new trousers.)
Question 13 of the tension peak test method, "Where did the murderer spend the night?" After four tests, Chen Wu has no consistent maximum psychophysiological response to "The murderer spent the night in an Internet bar that night", although the comprehensive psychophysiological response indicators do not have the same maximum psychophysiological response. However, there were three extremely strong breathing reactions (that is, obvious respiratory depression), which showed that Chen Wu knew that "the murderer spent the night in an Internet bar that night." (And he did spend the night in an Internet cafe that night).

To sum up the 13 groups of questions raised by the tension peak test method, 9 groups of questions have obvious cognitive, psychological and physiological responses, that is, the person under test Chen Wu knows that a person commits the crime, the perpetrator is Dahougou, aged [-] How old was he? The murder weapon was an ax, which was struck from the right side. The money was stolen from the victim.The second, third and last items are in line with Chen Wu's situation (Chen Wu is from Dahougou, in his twenties, and stayed overnight in an Internet bar on the night of the crime), and the remaining six items provide answers to the plot of the crime process.

There were two groups of tonic peak test questions that did not agree with the greatest cognitive psychophysiological response: how many times the victim was hit and how many times the victim was seen that night.Two sets of tonic peak test questions had the greatest cognitive psychophysiological responses on the two options: the murder weapon was taken from one's own home or someone else's; the bloody clothes were thrown at one's own home or elsewhere.

After the tense peak test method, it proved that Chen Wu should be the perpetrator, so he was handed over to the investigators for a sudden interrogation. Soon Chen Wu confessed to the fact that he committed the crime: because he knew that Zhang Zhihe had money when he came back from work, he took advantage of the night When Zhang Zhihe went home, he took his own ax and hid halfway to intercept him. He hit Zhang on the head with the ax from the right side, killed Zhang and took more than [-] yuan in cash. He fled towards Donggoumen. Stay overnight in an Internet cafe.According to Chen Wu's statement, physical evidence such as the murder weapon and axe, blood clothes, and cash were extracted on the road.

§§§ Section [-] Considerations for Effective Use of the Tension Peak Test
In testing, there are two things to keep in mind to ensure effective use of the tension peak problem test.

One is that when compiling the questions, the content of the options should be single. A group of questions can only test one criminal plot or fact, and the order of this group of questions should be changed three times.Because the subject has told the test subject, he will subconsciously wait for the plot item to appear, and his emotions will gradually become tense. The waveform on the plot item topic will reach the peak, and then the topic will start to relax, and the waveform will drop again. This is the so-called " tension peak".In this way, in the first test, one or two items with strong reactions are consciously selected, and in the second test, they are placed in the middle item to consciously promote the emergence of tension peaks. After three times, if all of them are this item, Then the probability of being correct will be relatively high.

The second is that the test questions should be comprehensive. As a suspected robbery and homicide case, where the money was taken from the victim, how much money was taken, the form of the money package, the face value, and the whereabouts of the money should all be involved. help.

(End of this chapter)