The FBI teaches you lie detection, people reading and intelligence skills

Chapter 7 There is no lie that cannot be seen through (2)
The speed of speaking is absolutely related to a person's personality, and a slow doctor will never speak like a cannonball.And the same sentence may have completely different meanings because of the different tone.Therefore, knowing how to understand a person's personality from the speed and tone of a person's conversation is undoubtedly a key to unlocking the other's psychological state.

People who speak fast are mostly impatient; while those who speak slowly are mostly slow doctors. No matter what happens, they are always calm and slow in reaction.In addition, usually when you are dissatisfied with the other party or hostile, your speaking speed will slow down; on the contrary, when you have ghosts in your heart or want to deceive others, your speaking speed will mostly increase involuntarily.A usually taciturn person suddenly becomes eloquent and chattering.It shows that he has secrets or guilty conscience that he does not want others to know, and wants to use quick words as a cover.

People who are full of self-confidence usually use an affirmative tone when talking; those who lack self-confidence or have a weak personality tend to speak slowly and weakly.

People who like to speak in low voices either lack confidence or are feminine.

And those who talk endlessly and hope that the topic will be extended indefinitely have hidden anxiety in their hearts that they are afraid of being interrupted and refuted by others. Only such people can keep talking in a domineering posture.

People who like to end topics with ambiguous or uncertain tones and words are usually afraid of taking responsibility.

People who often use conditional sentences, such as "this is just my personal opinion", "cannot be generalized", "in a certain sense" or "in a certain situation", etc., are mostly neurotic and afraid of offending people.

When listening to someone else's speech, the eyes can't concentrate all the time, either looking around or playing with fingers, which means that they are bored with the talker; repeating the other party's words frequently shows that they have a high degree of patience and curiosity about the content of the talk.

A person who keeps nodding sharply when listening to a sentence indicates that he is listening to the other person's speech carefully.And even if you nod frequently, but the person whose eyes are not focused on the other party, it means that he has no sympathy for the other party's topic; Most people do not allow the other party to refute, and they are extremely stubborn.This kind of person is often unable to communicate with the listener, and always sings a one-man show alone, and he is the only one.

§§§Section [-] Points of Observation When Talking to a Liar
Most people believe that liars expose themselves because of what they did, not because of what they said or how they said it.In fact, the situation is quite the opposite.The best clues to lies are to be found in people's words, not their actions.Aldette Wery of the University of Portsmouth in the United Kingdom believes that people pay too much attention to body language behavior and less attention to words when trying to catch a liar.Aldette-Wery points out that this manifests itself in the tendency for people to overestimate the potential of spotting a lie by observing someone's behavior and underestimate the potential of catching a liar by listening to what they say.

There are several features of the conversation that provide clues for identifying lies.Some traits relate to what they say, and some to how they say it.

(1) Roundabout statements.Liars often talk around the bush.They often digress and provide lengthy explanations.But when asked, they may offer short answers.

(2) In general terms.Liars' explanations are often sketchy, with little attention to detail.They say little about time, place, and how people feel.For example, a liar will tell you that he is going to eat pizza, but he will not tell you where he went to eat it, or what kind of pizza he ordered.Even when liars provide details, they rarely detail them.So, if you ask a liar to elaborate, chances are he'll just repeat what was just said.A truth teller is usually able to provide a lot of new information when asked the same question.

(3) Cast a smoke screen.The answers offered by liars tend to muddle the waters: they sound clear, but they're not.Speaking of meaningless remarks, Bill Clinton's famous response in the Paula Jones sexual harassment case is an example.When asked about the relationship between Clinton and Monica Lewinsky, Clinton replied: "It depends on what you mean by 'is. Dinkins' defense: "I didn't break the law, I just failed to do what the law required."

(4) Absolutely deny it.Political lies often take the form of outright denials.Consider Bill Clinton's famous denial: "I didn't have sex with that lady—Miss Lewinsky." This was taken as a signal that he was about to introduce new measures.As Otto von Bismarck said: "Believe nothing in politics until it has been formally disproved." Liars are more likely to use negative statements.For example, during Watergate, President Nixon said, "I'm not a liar." President Nixon didn't say, "I'm an honest man."

(5) Choose words and sentences carefully.Liars rarely mention themselves.They use words like "I," "me," and "mine" much less often than truth-tellers.Liars tend to generalize, frequently using words such as "always," "never," "nobody," "everyone," etc. Stay away from lies.

(6) DISCLAIMER OF LIABILITY.Liars are more likely to use disclaimers such as "You definitely won't believe this," "I know this sounds weird, but," "I promise you."A disclaimer like this is specially used to recognize the suspicion of others, and the purpose is to reduce the suspicion of others.

(7) The wording is cautious.When people tell the truth in an informal setting, they are more likely to use ellipsis.For example, instead of saying "do not", they say "don't".In the same situation, a liar might say "do not" instead of "don't".The reason for this is that when people lie, they become more tense and more formal.

(8) Tenses.The liar is unaware that he has a tendency to increase the psychological distance between them and the events they describe.As we've seen, one way they do this is by choosing their words carefully, and another way is by using the past tense instead of the present tense.

(9) Speed ​​of speech.Lying requires a lot of intellectual work.Because in addition to assessing the believability of their lies, liars also have to separate truth from lies.This places high demands on the liar's ability, causing him to slow down his speech.This is why people pause before they tell a lie, and why they often speak more slowly than they tell the truth.Of course, the situation is different if the lie is carefully rehearsed.In this case, there is no difference between the speaking speed of lying and the speaking speed of telling the truth.

(10) PAUSE.Liars often have pauses when they lie, and some pauses are filled with "um, um, ah, ah" language pauses.The cognitive work involved in weaving spontaneous lies also leads to more slips of the tongue, slips of the tongue, and mistakes in speaking.In "Wrong Talk", people just say a sentence, and then replace it with another sentence.

(11) Pitch.The pitch of someone's voice is often an indicator of their emotional state.Because, when people are upset, the pitch increases.Emotion is closely related to pitch.When a person becomes emotional, the pitch changes.A change in pitch is very difficult to disguise and hide.Although the increase in pitch is fairly steady and sometimes very small, it is often necessary to determine whether a person's pitch has increased after hearing someone speak on other occasions.

While certain actions that are said to be associated with lying are talked about a lot these days, there is no specific behavior that would indicate that someone is lying.They may indicate that someone is in a state of conflict, affected by strong emotions, or trying to hide their embarrassment, but it does not follow that they are lying.As Paul Ekman said, there are no signs of fraud.Any gesture, facial expression, or muscle twitch does not, by itself, prove that someone is lying.Bella DePaul, another authority on lying, echoes this sentiment.Bella DePaul points out that the relationship between behavioral markers, verbal markers and fraud is well established.They may be related to fraud, but not quite.

While there is no surefire way to spot a lie, there are things you can do to increase your chances of spotting a liar:

(1) To successfully detect a lie, you need to set your standards neither high nor low.This way you avoid coming to the conclusion that either no one ever lied, or that everyone lied all the time.

(2) Whenever possible, compare the actions of a man when he is supposed to be lying with his actions when he is telling the truth.

(3) In order to be a good lie detector, you should also pay attention to behaviors that are outside of conscious control, or behaviors that people tend to ignore.

(4) If given the opportunity, focus your attention more on what the other person said and how it was said than on what they did.

(5) It is important to know whether the lie may have been spontaneous or rehearsed, low-stakes or high-stakes.The task of identifying a lie is much more difficult when the stakes are low or the lie has been rehearsed.

(6) To spot a lie, you should always pay attention to broader behavioral and verbal cues.If you think you can spot a liar with a single clue, you are deluding yourself.

(End of this chapter)