The learning methods and training details of Harvard's top students

Chapter 2 Real Learning Is Joy

(Harvard representative: Lin Yutang) Enthusiastic attitude is necessary for doing everything.Because only with enthusiasm can you devote yourself wholeheartedly and truly get things done.This is the substance that every successful person has.

—Olison Madden, professor at Harvard University
【Wonderful Guide】

Biography of Lin Yutang

Lin Yutang (1895-1976) was born in Longxi, Fujian. In the autumn of 1919, he went to the United States to study in the Department of Literature of Harvard University, and received a Master of Arts degree in 1922. After returning to China in 1923, he served as professor of Peking University, dean of Beijing Women's Normal University and dean of the English Department. After 1924, he was one of the main contributors to Yusi. In 1926, he went to Xiamen University as the dean of the Faculty of Arts. In 1927, he left Xiamen and arrived in Wuhan, where he served as Secretary of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs for only six months. In 1932, Lin Yutang founded the semi-monthly "The Analects of Confucius", advocating humor; in 1934, he created "Human World", advocating that articles should express the spirit; Essay.In the same year, Lin Yutang's English book "My Country and My People" (also translated as "The Chinese") was published in the United States. Seven editions were printed within four months, and it was on the bestseller list, starting his 1935-year overseas journey. This is also an important period of his literary writing.His English work "The Art of Living" ranked No.30 on the best-seller list in the United States for a year, and his novel "Moment in Peking" made him nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature.

林语堂于1944年曾一度回国到重庆讲学。1945年赴新加坡筹建南洋大学，并任校长。1952年在美国与人创办《天风》杂志。1966年后定居台湾。1967年受聘于香港中文大学研究教授。1975年被推举为国际笔会副会长。1976年病逝于香港。

【Character Story】

enjoy reading
Lin Yutang believes that the purpose of reading is to "make people get a kind of elegance and flavor".He advocated "knowing the taste" in reading. "Reading must know the taste. This taste is the key to reading. The so-called taste is elusive. Each person has a different appetite. Each person has a different taste, and the taste is also different. Therefore, you must know what you like before you can read. flavor.” Lin Yutang believed that the same book, the same reader, can read a flavor for a while.He also gave an example that reading articles by famous people is a kind of flavor when you haven't met in person. After meeting and talking, reading his articles again has another level of deep understanding.If you read his articles after breaking up with him, it will have a different taste.So he said: "All good books can gain benefits and the joy of learning new things when you read them for the second time."

Lin Yutang once said that the word "study hard" is a lie.The story of the cantilever on the head is absurd.He said: "I regard taste or interest as the key to all reading." He insists that reading is a kind of fun, a kind of enjoyment, and a kind of enjoyment worthy of respect and envy.He believes that reading is not for some kind of obligation, but "pick up a book and read it when you feel like it, and you must read it with complete pleasure." , Acquiring new knowledge, increasing knowledge, broadening knowledge, and cultivating spirituality", only then can one have the "discussion style of a scholar".

【Harvard view】

Taste with heart, enjoy reading
Reading is fun!Some people can travel around the world by reading geographical attractions; some people can connect with the ancients by reading historical allusions.Some people like literature, spring flowers and autumn moon, situational justice, and endless flavors; some people like science and technology, a cell, a molecule, he can find another world from it.

Reading, the thoughts, intelligence, feelings, and experience expressed in the book may be the experience of other people's life, and we can get something for nothing in a short period of time, isn't it infinite happiness?If you refuse to study, you will give up the most valuable wealth in the world.

If a person cannot keep reading and absorbing new knowledge, it is like having a deposit in a bank. There is only expenditure and no income, and the income and expenditure will inevitably be unbalanced, and a serious deficit will be formed. When the capital is exhausted, life will come to a halt.

Harvard students work very hard, and the library is still open from 12:1 to [-]:[-] in the middle of the night.Although there is a strict reality that you cannot graduate without completing your homework, there should be many people who enjoy studying.The way of learning in class is: first, listening to professors who have the ability to attract the audience; second, reading a large number of designated books; This learning method can be understood systematically.

Someone said: "People on the road near Harvard University seem to be shining with happiness on their faces, which is very surprising."

This is the charm of reading.

The great scholar Bacon said in "On Reading": Reading makes people full, discussion makes people witty, and notes make people accurate.Therefore, those who do not often take notes must have a strong memory;Reading history makes people wise, reading poetry makes people smart, mathematics makes people thoughtful, science makes people profound, ethics makes people solemn, and the study of logic and rhetoric makes people eloquent.Once a person's intellect encounters a blockage, reading can smooth it out.If the intellect is not concentrated, you can make you study mathematics, because you need to concentrate on the performance, and if you are slightly distracted, you need to repeat it; One thing proves another thing, which can make you read a lawyer's case file.In this way, where there is a defect in the mind, there is a special medicine to cure it.

Taste carefully, and we will gradually enjoy the joy of reading.

[Easy interaction]

1. Do you love reading? What are your favorite books?

2. Think about it, write down your pleasure and distress in reading, and communicate with your friends.

【Parent-child total product】

Lin Yutang is well-known as a modern writer, translator and English proficient. Starting from the reality of Chinese people learning English, he proposed a series of English teaching methods and English learning methods. We might as well learn from them.

1. When learning English, you must learn the whole sentence, don't focus on single words.When studying, you must read out the grammar, pronunciation and accent of the entire sentence.

2. Literacy is not enough during school hours.Knowledge must be used at the same time.Whenever you encounter a new character, you must learn at least one correct usage of the character.I will see that there are many usages in the future, so I will remember more.

3. Literacy cannot be memorized by force.It is easy to remember the usage in the sentence.

4. When reading English, you must use your ears, eyes, mouth, and hands together.Hearing, seeing, speaking, and copying by hand are all indispensable.The four are prepared, and the words are naturally remembered.

5. Among the "four arrivals", oral arrival is the main one.English is the British language. If you are unwilling to speak, how can you learn to speak?

6. Oral speaking must be practiced repeatedly. Every word and sentence must be repeated ten to dozens of times until the accent is proficient.Learning a foreign language is the same as learning ancient prose, and reciting must be used as a shortcut to get started.Every time one or two sentences are recited, there will be great progress over time.

7. There are two taboos in oral practice.Avoid being shy.If a scholar is shy in class, he will have no chance to practice elsewhere.Don't think about scores.When I think of the score, I am afraid of making a mistake, and I am afraid of making a mistake, so I can't speak.The final winner is the student who is not shy, not afraid of mistakes, and fully practiced.

If the teacher corrects you at any time, you can naturally turn from more mistakes to fewer mistakes, from fewer mistakes to pure, from pure to fluent, and even from fluent to proficient.This is the method of suffering first and then sweetness.

8. Read the section carefully.Pay attention to pronunciation and spelling.So-so, confused, not only bad at English, but also bad at any knowledge.

【Harvard view】

Enthusiasm is the inexhaustible driving force for happy learning
Passion inspires people, enthusiasm makes people happy to create.Persistent enthusiasm is more important than temporary passion and is closer to success. Similarly, learning also requires persistent enthusiasm.

Some people say that whether a person has great development in the future can be seen from the degree of enthusiasm.Indeed, one can only reach one's goal if one strives fiercely and persistently for one's purpose.

The famous British poet and playwright Oscar Wilde must put the photos of his literary opponents in front of him to write good works. It is his hatred for his opponents that arouses his enthusiasm for creation-although it is obviously only his creation. part of enthusiasm.However, Gou Jian, the king of Yue, used shame as the source of enthusiasm.

Zhejiang science champion Lu Wen said that the reason for her hard work is to make her mother happy and enable her to live a better life in the future.

Making money, starting a family, competition, family relationships... can all be a source of passion, and there are indeed people who have achieved great success with such a passion.We must also be good at discovering our own enthusiasm in study and life. We can think about the love our parents have for us, think about the good life after being admitted to a good university and finding a good job in the future, and find someone to be our own. Competitors are fighting with him...as long as you can really make yourself passionate, not some fake things, so as to provide inexhaustible motivation for your own learning and progress.

A person's achievement is not influenced by others, on the contrary, it is created by his firm belief and enthusiasm.Don't be limited by the judgment of others.Follow your passion, build your confidence, and they will get you where you want to go.

[Easy interaction]

1. Do you have enthusiasm for learning? Where does this enthusiasm come from?

2. If you lack enthusiasm for reading, please write down your inner feelings and seek solutions from your parents, teachers or friends.

【Parent-child total product】

What are the secrets to sparking a passion for learning?
1. Combination of play and learning

Blindly burying your head in studying hard, you will lose your enthusiasm for learning instead, and all your previous efforts will be wasted.Teenagers should pay attention to play and games, and cultivate and discover their imagination and creativity in the process of play and games.

2. Cultivate interests and hobbies

Be good at discovering and cultivating your own interests and hobbies, and stick to them, such as playing with toys, observing insects, collecting stamps, etc., can deepen your ability to observe and understand things, enhance your thirst for knowledge, and then stimulate your enthusiasm for learning and doing things.

3. Be confident
Whether they are playing or doing other things, as long as they have made some achievements or things they are proud of, teenagers should give themselves encouragement to maintain self-confidence.

4. Set a modest goal

When the famous Japanese long-distance runner Yamada Motoichi talked about how he won the marathon championship, he said that before each race, he would draw the more eye-catching signs on the race route. The first sign is a bank, and the second sign is red. The house, the third symbol is a big tree... After starting the race, he rushed towards the first target at the speed of a [-]-meter sprint, and then rushed towards the second target at the same speed.That's it, he always takes a certain object in front of him as the goal, and constantly surpasses every goal until he reaches the end of the game.Teenagers can learn from Yamada's approach, and constantly adjust their goals according to their actual situation, so that they can always maintain their enthusiasm for learning.

(End of this chapter)