Tang Dynasty Crossing Guide: Chang'an and People's Life Manual

Chapter 39 Postscript: The Internet is a Good Thing (2)
56 False mother bustard, the female boss who runs a brothel, is usually a retired older prostitute, commensurate with the mother and daughter of young prostitutes, so it is called "false mother".

57 The pottery decorations on both ends of the ridge of a Chinese-style house are shaped slightly like the tail of an owl.

58 From Bai Juyi's "Red Thread Carpet".

59 Ancient books refer to a water bird that looks like a mandarin duck.

60 One of the gossip, representing the wind.

61 Lian latrine, a common type of toilet in rural areas, is built in the yard and connected to the pigsty, and human feces are directly dropped into the pigsty as pig food.

62 from The Book of Songs?Xiaoya?Caiwei".

63 From Li Bai's "Recalling Qin'e".

64 is from the fragmented sentence of Cen Shen.

65 From Liu Yuxi's "Please tell the east to go back to Baqiao but send it to all the bureaucrats".

66 From Li He's "Send Qin Guanglu to the Northern Expedition".

67 From Li Shangyin's "Ba'an".

68 From Li Yi's "Send Li Er on the Way" (a poem by Rong Yu).

69 From Kang Pian's "Ju Tan Lu?Qujiang".

70 From Kang Pian's "Ju Tan Lu?Qujiang".

71 From Du Fu's "Accompanying Zheng Consort Wei Two Songs".

72 From Du Fu's "Garden Song of Le Yuyuan".

73 From Lu Yan's dream poem "Presenting Hu Yunu at the Feast in Guizhou" included in Fan Yu's notebook novel "Yunxi Youyi".

74 The allusion comes from Liu's "Sui and Tang Jiahua".

75 The allusion comes from Zhang Chaoyeqianzai.

76 The allusion comes from the 140th chapter of the "New Book of Tang" biographies.

77 The allusion comes from Zheng Chuhui's "Miscellaneous Records of the Emperor Ming".

78 纛 (dào), the banner of the ancient army, later evolved into a dance set made of feathers and an ornament on the emperor's chariot.

79 筚篥 (bìlì), also written as "秱篥", is a wind instrument introduced to the Central Plains from the northern nomads.The tube is made of bamboo or wood, with a reed made of reed or wheat straw at the top, with holes in the tube body and blown vertically.The voice is high-pitched and shrill, with strong expressive force.

80 From Bai Juyi's "Giving Dreams".

81 From Bai Juyi's "Giving Dreams".

82 From Feng Yansi's "Longevity Girl".

83 From Li Bai's "To Wang Lun".

84 This article imitates the famous slips of the tongue and jokes of Han Qiaosheng and Huang Jianxiang.

85 Qiuci (qiūcí), one of the great powers in the Western Regions in ancient my country, was an important garrison point in the Western Regions in the Tang Dynasty. , Aksu, Xinhe and six counties and cities.Residents are good at music and dance, and Qiuci music and dance had a great influence on the art of the Central Plains in the Tang Dynasty.

86 Futou, the cloth used by men in the Tang Dynasty to cover their buns, usually a piece of black gauze.In the Tang Dynasty, men from the emperor to the common people wore Futou, which is the most representative head clothing.

87 Myrobalan, a kind of underwear popular in the Tang Dynasty according to the literature, its shape and wearing method are similar to today's strapless bras. "The Chronicle of Things" contains: "The imperial concubine privately lived in Anlu Mountain...the fingers and claws hurt the imperial concubine's chest and breasts, so they were decorated with myrobalan to cover it." The fabric commonly used by myrobalan is called "woven", which is crisp and slightly Elastic and thick to the touch.When wearing it, just tie two straps under the chest, and "weave" to ensure that the upper part of the chest of "Myrobalan" can stand upright.

88 The round-necked gown, the representative men’s clothing of the Tang Dynasty, was worn daily by the emperor and the peasants. It is a narrow-sleeved, close-fitting gown with a round neck and hem down to the calf. For the convenience of walking and riding, the left and right thighs are slit. Seam, so it is called "quee".

89 蹀躞 Belt, a kind of belt introduced from grassland nomads to the Central Plains, with holes inlaid on the belt, and various portable objects attached to it. It was once stipulated in the Tang Dynasty that civil and military officials must wear this kind of belt when going to court, and wear a hanging counting bag , Knife, whetstone, syringe and other seven items, commonly known as "Seven things about the 蹀躞".

90 leather pouch, a small bag made of leather or cloth, hung on the waist, and some small personal belongings are placed in the bag.

91 Princess Pingyang Zhao, the third daughter of Li Yuan, the founding emperor of the Tang Dynasty, and the same mother and sister of Li Shimin, once recruited horses and soldiers to gather a crowd to revolt, and supported her father to conquer Chang'an. After the founding of the Tang Dynasty, she was named Princess Pingyang. The court generally called her "Princess Pingyang Zhao".Yuchi Yiseng, a painter in the early Tang Dynasty, once painted a portrait of Princess Pingyang riding a horse with an arrow. She is a representative of heroic women.

92 From Shangguan Wan'er's Complaint in Colored Books.

93 Yeting, an area in the Taiji Palace of the Tang Dynasty, was mainly inhabited by maids and slaves.In the Tang Dynasty, there was a regulation that the female relatives of criminals should be imprisoned in Yeting Palace as female slaves.When Shangguan Wan'er was young, her family was confiscated for treason, and she and her mother were fined and sent to Yeting Palace, where they grew up.

94 "Hexiang" refers to the process of mixing various natural spices into new fragrances.

95 Fragrant chopsticks, the ancient people burned incense to bury the spices in the incense burner, and then used something like large chopsticks to take care of the spices and ashes.

96 From Du Fu's "Watching Gongsun Auntie's Disciples Dance with Swords and Weapons".

97 From Du Fu's "Watching Gongsun Auntie's Disciples Dance with Swords and Weapons".

98 From Zhang Hu's "Two Poems of Jilingtai".

99 dialect words, long-winded.

100 "Er Lang Wei" is the lyrics of the poems actually recited by the people at the wedding at that time. It begins with "Er Lang Wei", which is similar to the "Ci Pai" of later generations, and is also the syllable need for singing tunes.The () in the text is the content added by the author.

101 Official name.It was first placed in the Secretary Province in the Northern Qi Dynasty, followed by the Sui, Tang, and Song Dynasties.Together with the "School Bookman", he is in charge of the school's classics, correcting and correcting errors, and the Secretary of the Liao Dynasty supervises the Books Bureau.In the Sui and Tang Dynasties, there was also the official script of the prince, whose status was slightly inferior to that of the "Scholar", who was also in charge of collation of classics.In the Ming Dynasty, an official of "Zhengzi" was set up in the Hanlin Academy.

102 From Bai Juyi's "Chang Le Li Idle Home" sixteen rhymes, also sent to Liu Shiwu Gongyu, Wang Shiyi, Lu Erjiong, Lu Sijiong, Cui Shibaxuanliang, Yuan Jiuzhen, Liu 32 Dunzhi, Zhang Fifteen Zhongfang, when he was the school secretary".( ) in the text is the author's additional content.

103 There are two main ways for people in the Tang Dynasty to become officials: one is that their ancestors have been high officials, and their descendants can directly enter the official career, which is called "menyin"; the other is to become an official through the imperial examination.In addition to these two ways, other ways of becoming an official, such as being a small clerk (officer) first, and then gradually promoted to become an official, or buying an official by donating money, are called "miscellaneous ways" and "outflow". Official methods are looked down upon by ordinary officials.

104 From Li Shangyin's "Ren Hongnong Wei Xianzhou Governor Begging for Leave to Return to Beijing".When Li Shangyin was a county lieutenant in Hongnong County, he asked the governor for leave to return to Beijing and wrote it.He worked hard all day, sealed the official seal at dusk, and had to go to the prison to count the prisoners. He laughed at himself as better than Bian He who offered Heshibi. Although his legs were cut off by the faint king, at least he didn't have to come here Run to be driven by others.

105 From Bai Juyi's "Gift to Fan's Works".

106 From Bai Juyi's "Gift to Fan's Works".

107 Tejin, the name of Sanguan in the Tang Dynasty, is a second-rank literary Sanguan.

108 Liquan County, now Liquan County, Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province.

109 Xue Yantuo, the name of the ancient tribe.Also known as "Xue Yanxuan".One of Tiele's ministries.It was formed by the merger of Xue Department and Yantuo Department.Originally belonged to Turkic.In the fourth year of Tang Zhenguan (630), he helped Tang destroy Turks.In the 20th year of Tang Zhenguan (646), civil strife occurred and was broken by Tang Dynasty.

110 A drink between a drug and a beverage, similar to today's health drinks.

111 It is the old custom to bathe a baby on the third day after its birth.

112 An admonisher responsible for advising the emperor.

113 Deputy Director of the Royal Guards of Honor.

114 Director of the National Library.

115 Menxia Provincial Deputy Chief.

116 The chief executive stationed in present-day Vietnam by the Tang Dynasty.

117 From "Continued Japanese Chronicles" Bingyin article in May of the tenth year of Baogui (779).

118 From "History of Japan" Volume [-].

119 Low-level officials in the Japanese "Taizhengguan" (equivalent to Shangshu Province in the Tang Dynasty).

120 Musicians.

121 Jade workers.

122 Professionals in charge of divination.

123 Chief musicians.

124 Send low-level officials in the Tang mission.

125 Guozijian Jijiu, the principal of the highest central institution in the Tang Dynasty.

126 From Bao Ji's "Sending Japan's Congratulatory Envoy Chao Juqing Back to the East".

127 From "Ode to History" by Hirose Tanchuang.

128 Dai Zhou (?—633), Minister of the early Tang Dynasty, Prime Minister of Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty.

129 From Jing Jing's "Daqin Nestorian Chinese Popular Monument".

130 From the Chinese Union Version of the Bible.

131 From Jing Jing's "Daqin Nestorian Chinese Popular Monument".

132 From the Nestorian literature of the Dunhuang Stone Chamber "Preface to Listening to Mishi Suojing".The () in the text is the content added by the author.

133 From the Nestorian literature of the Dunhuang Stone Chamber "Preface to Listening to Mishi Suojing".The () in the text is the content added by the author.

134 Sogdia, an ancient nation in Central Asia.

135 For the records, see Tang Zhang’s Chao Ye Qi Zai: “There are Hu Zhe temples in Lidefang, Henan Province and Xifang, Nanshi. Recruit a Hu to be the master of the 祆, and those who watch will give money and give it to him. The master of the 祆 takes a horizontal knife, which sharpens the blood of the frost, but it can't be blown away, stabs the abdomen with the knife, and the blade comes out of the back, still disturbing the intestines and bleeding. , Spray water curses, calm down as before. This is also the illusion of the Western Regions." The same volume also records: "Liangzhou Zoroastrian Shrine, until the day of prayer, the Zoroastrian Lord nailed it from the forehead with iron nails, straight to the armpit, When you go out, your body is as light as flying, and you can travel hundreds of miles. You dance a song in front of the God of Xizhe, and then you go to the old place of Zoroastrianism, where the nails are pulled out without any damage. You lie down for more than ten days, and you recover as before. I don’t know why. "

136 For the custom of dogs eating corpses, see Du You's "Tong Dian" Volume [-] "Kang Ju": "There are more than two hundred households outside the country, who specialize in funerals. Don't build a courtyard. Dogs are kept in the courtyard, and every person who dies , That is to go to get the corpse, put it in this courtyard, let the dogs eat all the human flesh, collect the bones and bury them, there is no coffin."

137 For the custom of Zoroastrian father-daughter intermarriage, see "Su Liang's Wife Ma's Epitaph" unearthed in Tumen Village, Xi'an in 1955.

138 From the preface to the Manichean text Shabragan quoted in Biruni's Ancient Ruins.

139 Hangou (hán'gōu), the name of the ancient canal.

140 Cheng Yi is travel expenses. In ancient times, superiors, relatives and friends wanted to travel far away. As subordinates or relatives and friends, they gave him a sum of money to spend during the trip.

141 The decorations worn by the ancients are usually ribbon-cut or engraved with gold foil in the shape of human beings, which are pasted on the screen or worn on the hair for auspiciousness.

142 From Wan Chu's "Watching Prostitutes in Five Days".

143 Axle Wax, Axle and Candle.

144 "Expelling Nuo Ci", the two poems quoted here are all from Dunhuang manuscripts, and some extremely rare characters have been adjusted.

145 These two pairs of Dunhuang posthumous writings unearthed from the Sutra Cave of Mogao Grottoes, volume number Stein 0610, are considered by some scholars to be the earliest surviving Spring Festival couplets.

146 From Zong Mo's "Jingchu Sui Shi Ji".

147 Jimifu Prefecture, a local administrative unit set up in minority areas by the Tang, Song, and Ming dynasties.The establishment of Jimi Prefecture, State, and Weisuo strengthened the relationship between the Central Plains and the frontier regions.

(End of this chapter)