41 Learning Methods That Benefit a Lifetime

Chapter 27 Memorizing Articles with Pictures (2)
One of the most troublesome problems that many people feel in the process of learning English is that they cannot remember new words.Scientists who study memory point out that memorizing English words cannot be completely memorized by rote, but by the five methods of "listening, speaking, writing, memorizing, and thinking" simultaneously, and the synchronous actions of ears, mouth, hands, and brain.In doing so, the visual, auditory and oral muscles, as well as hand muscle movements, will have a deep impression on the brain.Recent brain science research shows that people use different parts of the brain when listening, writing (there is also a process of "seeing" while writing), thinking and speaking.Therefore, the reverse method "listening, speaking, writing, reciting, and thinking" is carried out simultaneously, and the ears, mouth, hands, and brain are activated simultaneously.

④Greatly improve the proficiency of English.

When dictating, write out the words and sentences that you think you understand. The sentence structure must conform to the grammar, and the spelling of each word must be accurate. If you are not sure, check grammar books and dictionaries frequently to correct inaccurate grammar knowledge and word spelling.Continuously "listening, writing, speaking, memorizing, and thinking" various words and sentence patterns can not only fix the original "dangling" English knowledge, get rid of the "fake" ones, but also form a sound in the brain. As long as you hear the pronunciation of a word, the image of the word will immediately appear in your mind, and vice versa, as long as you see the image of a word, the sound of the word will immediately ring in your ears.At this level, it means that your English proficiency has been greatly improved.

⑤ To a certain extent, it can also exercise the ability to "speak" English.

Although listening to the recording is one-way, but because a "speaking" link is added on the basis of dictation, the ability to "speak" English can also be exercised to a certain extent.At least it can achieve what the saying goes, "the tongue is not hard".Persist in "listening, speaking, and memorizing" English, and when you are proficient to a certain extent, you will unknowingly say some sentences from your own mouth when talking with foreigners.It is really "familiar with [-] Tang poems, and can chant even if you can't write poems", and it conforms to English grammar.Since the vocabulary used in daily conversation is very different from that used in English for science and technology, the "speaking" introduced here cannot replace the training of oral English. People who want to learn daily English conversation must still learn English conversation books.

The reverse learning method has many advantages, but the key to success lies in the individual.It requires us to learn skillfully on the basis of painstaking study, and we must pay hard work.Secondly, when learning various methods introduced by others, you must use them flexibly in light of your own situation, and don't apply them mechanically.It takes a process to turn the various methods introduced by others into your own.After reading the learning methods introduced above several times, it seems that I understand it, but it is not necessarily so.Because "we can't understand it immediately, only when we understand it can we feel it more deeply". (Mao Zedong: "On Practice"), only through continuous practice can one grasp the essentials of various methods step by step.Finally, while learning the various methods introduced by others, don't be too superstitious about these methods, and be limited by these methods to your own subjective initiative and creativity.As long as you combine your own situation while learning various methods, think hard, and constantly summarize, you can not only learn the spiritual essence of these methods, but also sum up your own unique learning methods. method is the most effective.

In recent years, a "SQ3R" five-step reading method has become popular abroad.This five-step reading method first appeared in a university in the United States. Later, it was widely used in the United States, Britain and European countries.Some foreign educators and psychologists believe that this reading method is in line with the general thinking rules in people's reading, and it is helpful to understand the content of books and enhance personal memory.It is understood that this method is also quite popular among Chinese students. They feel that everyone can try this method and will achieve certain results.

The five-step reading method process includes five steps, namely S-Q-R-R-R.

Get an overview of the material and get the big impression

The first step: Survey, that is, by reading some chapters of the material you want to study, such as chapter highlights, summary, learning purpose list, preface, epilogue, etc., to make an overview of the entire material to obtain an overall grasp of the entire material .

The overview stage can be used at several different reading levels, for example it can be used for an entire book or a chapter or a section within a chapter.Reading an entire book is sometimes called an overview, and reading a chapter is sometimes called a preview or survey.We collectively call it an overview here, and the same is true if you browse an article in an encyclopedia or a magazine.

①When you start to browse a chapter (or section), you should pay attention to how the chapter you want to read matches the overall theme (plan) of the book.For example, is it one of the themes that is paralleled with other chapters throughout the book?Does it provide a background for later chapters?Is it a further elaboration of the knowledge introduced in previous chapters?

②Look at the number of pages in this chapter, make a rough estimate of the total time required to read this chapter, and decide how much time you want to spend on this chapter.

③Pay attention to the fact that this chapter is divided into several main parts or topics, and decide how much content you plan to read now. Do you want to understand the main points of the entire chapter, or read the first section completely?
④ Study the title of the chapter, convert the title of the chapter into a question form, and consider:
——What is the meaning of this topic.

——What do you already know about this aspect.

⑤ Read the main headings and subheadings on the first page of the chapter. These headings will tell you some key words about the chapter, important ideas and how they are organized, and then convert the main subheadings into questions.

⑥ Read the introduction and summary (or the first and last paragraphs), and if there are some reflection questions at the end of the chapter, read them too.

⑦ Read the sentences, phrases or words marked in bold or italics.

⑧See what intuitive presentation methods are used, such as charts, pictures, curves, etc., and read the titles of these charts.

⑨If necessary, further estimate the time required or the amount you plan to read.

⑩Pause and think about the various questions posed during the browsing phase.

ask questions, provoke thought

The second step: Question, question, before officially starting to read the data fragments in detail, there must be clear and concise questions, it is best to write them down.This step can help people focus on the key parts of the chapter when reading. Of course, only the questions are not enough, it is best to also ask the bottom line at the same time.

There are three basic types of questions in the questioning phase.From these basic questions lead to all other specific questions.

Type [-] Questions: What do I already know?
For example:

What does the title of the chapter mean?
What information do I already have on this?
What do the main and subheadings say? (Or what are the key words in this chapter?)

What is the relationship between the main title and the chapter title?
What is the relationship between the main heading and the subheading?

Where had I heard this view or this vocabulary before?
Is this idea (vocabulary) similar to a previous idea in another discipline?

Which subsection was the hardest (or took the most time) for me?

Given what I already know, how likely am I to reasonably get there now?

Type [-] Questions: What is the author trying to tell me?
For example:

What question might he be trying to answer?
Can I predict some of the facts, opinions or examples he will provide?

What will he tell me that I didn't know before?
How will the author prove his point?

Can he substantiate his point with examples?

Is the author's point of view the same as my teacher's point of view?Which one is more reasonable?
Did the author explain concepts that I didn't grasp in class today?

Type [-] Questions: What do I want to achieve?
For example:

What guidance has the teacher given in the lecture?

My purpose is: ①To understand the background (experience) of the next lecture? ②Make some notes for review before returning the book to the library? ③ Are you preparing for the next exam? ④ Remember all the content of a certain part? ⑤ Searching for materials for a dissertation assignment?
What questions do you have at the end of this chapter?
What should I know or do after reading this chapter?
Read the material with a judgmental eye
The third step, Read, is also the most important step, reading materials.Read carefully, actively and with a critical eye.Didn’t you prepare some questions in the second step? You can try to find the answers by yourself during the reading process. During this process, you will often find that new questions follow. Don’t worry, this is a good sign.You can think about the meaning of what you read, think about possible exceptions and contradictions, test the assumptions in the book, and so on.

The reading stage is an intermediate stage for SQ3R or all other methods.Reading without preparation for the skimming and questioning phases often results in incomplete understanding or inattentive, distracted attention, leading to unnecessary rereading.Without the retelling and review phase, much of what was read would be forgotten by the next day.The reading phase can be repeated in combination with other phases.It is often necessary to do this in order to reach a level of understanding.

① Carry out the necessary fast reading training (High Speed ​​Drill).

Three to five minutes of speed reading training will improve reading comprehension and encourage use of the right brain.In practice you will absorb a lot of material unconsciously and comprehend more quickly in actual reading.

②Go back and start reading a chapter or section, using intuitive information to understand the content at a speed that you feel relaxed and slightly faster.

③In the reading, try to answer the most important questions raised in the browsing and questioning stages.

Ⅰ.Do your best to find key passages that help answer your main question.

Ⅱ.Notice how the details relate to the main points, whether by reasoning, examples, or subdivision into smaller parts.

Ⅲ.Pay attention to key words that indicate a turning point, such as "on the other hand," "the second point is," "another reason," and so on.

IV.Pay particular attention to italics, boldface, and phrases.

④ On the first reading, don't stop to reread those difficult passages or carefully ponder those words you don't know, or go back to find those missing details.To read straight on, fairly quickly, to the end.

⑤ After reading the first time, it immediately enters the stage of retelling.Paraphrasing will tell you if the section needs to be re-read in its entirety.If you need to re-read, then you need to find another time (second time).

note:

① When time is limited, it is always more effective to read the content two or three times faster than to read it slowly.When you repeat reading, you will strengthen what you noticed (grasp) in the first reading, and you can incorporate the details into the overall framework you have already obtained, so the effect of understanding and memory is better.

②Skip over particularly difficult places and stare at it to understand, the former is more effective.This is because:
Ⅰ.Reading on will reduce tension, and worrying will only make things worse.

Ⅱ.The brain has the opportunity to think about these difficult points unconsciously.Just like sometimes we also have this kind of situation during the exam, some questions can't be thought of or answered, but afterwards we find that we understand it completely.

Ⅲ.When you go back, you will have additional information to help you understand this difficulty.The brain has an automatic mechanism to fill in the gaps, and this context is often helpful when reading.

③When you come across some details or the main concept in the paragraph, which will help answer the questions you raised, you can draw key points, make eyebrows, or mark with a highlighter to strengthen the impression.

The following are the principles of drawing key points:
(End of this chapter)