41 Learning Methods That Benefit a Lifetime

Chapter 36 Methods and Precautions by Inference

It can be summarized into three processes:

① Remove the rough and select the essence, you need to analyze and identify;

②Comprehensiveness means comprehensive thinking and finding out the rules;
③ Abandoning the old and drawing the new is to find a new way and not follow in the footsteps.

Pay attention to the method of drawing inferences from one instance:
①Think boldly and think with doubts.Thinking ability is the core of wisdom. Learning starts from thinking, and thinking comes from doubts; when reading, one must constantly "create doubts - question - resolve doubts" and think boldly about problems.

②Think over and over again, draw inferences about other cases from one instance, and seek a clear and thorough understanding.

③Think often and be consistent.Cultivate the habit of thinking frequently, so that the more you use your mind, the more intelligent you are, the more you think, the more you will feel that your knowledge is insufficient. This is the motivation to urge yourself to study and think more diligently.

Reading is expensive
The method of learning by analogy coincides with a reading method advocated by the famous linguist Mr. Xia Yongzun: take the intensive reading of articles or books as the starting point, and then develop in all directions, and read many books by intensive reading of an article, which is effective to broaden one's knowledge.

(Xia Yongzun’s reading of one inversion of three methods) Mr. Xia Yongzun cited Tao Yuanming’s "Peach Blossom Spring" as an example: this article was written by people in the Jin Dynasty. If you want to know the status of this article and the situation of Jin Dynasty literature , you can look up the history of Chinese literature; this article embodies a kind of utopian thought, and the British Moore wrote a book called "Utopia", which can be read in comparison; this article belongs to the category of narrative, If you want to understand the format of the narrative, you can read books on the writing of narratives; in addition, if you want to know the character of the author Tao Yuanming, you can also read "Book of Jin Tao Qian Biography".In this way, a whole series can be drawn from reading a book.Mr. Xia Yongzun himself often reads in this way.

(Jia Pingwa’s method of drawing inferences from one example) The writer Jia Pingwa also advocates such a method of reading by inferences from one example.In his opinion, books cannot be kept as friends for a day; books are wealth, and he should be forced to read quietly.He summed up his reading method as the "touch one pass three" method.He believes that the scope of reading should not be narrow, literature books must be read, political books must be read, philosophy, history, aesthetics, astronomy, geography, medicine, architecture, fine arts, music theory, martial arts, painting, dance... All books that can be found should be read. read.If the scope of reading is narrow, there will not be much reference, and the thinking will not be broad.He even advocated that one should know a thing or two about afforestation, cooking and cooking.

But Bo is not special.In this kind of overview, he believes that only by concentrating on one can we understand by analogy.He didn't just read Sun Li's collection of essays "Baiyangdian Chronicles" once, but read it over and over again, trying to learn some writing knowledge from it each time.This time I will learn the beginning and the end, next time I will learn the structure and scene description, and I will learn the use of language again, so that I will gradually find out the way to write prose.After reading this book, it will be easy to read other prose books.He insisted on reading the key books multiple times, first appreciating, reciting, and then studying, and then gaining enlightenment.

(Eight consultants) Mr. Tao Xingzhi, known as a "civilian educator", has been engaged in education all his life and devoted himself to exploring the methods of reading. His reading "knack" is deduced into a modern poem "Eight Consultants":
I have eight good friends who are willing to guide me in everything.

If you want to ask the real name, what is the surname if the name is different:
When, what, why, who, where, where,

Like younger brother and older brother.There is also a Western school,

Name reversal is called "geometry".

If you often ask the eight sages for advice, even if you are a fool, you will not make mistakes.

Mr. Tao's "eight consultants", "eight sages" and "eight Mr. He" are our good teachers and helpful friends, dear relatives and friends who study and seek knowledge!When we are studying, we can form a relationship with these eight Mr. He, and if we can have these eight sages to lead the way, we will dare to think and ask questions, be able to think and distinguish;

There are all kinds of books now, good and bad.Open a book, think about "who" is the author, write "what", and want to guide readers "where to go"... so as not to be pulled into the abyss by books full of obscenity and robbery.When you see a topic, think about what topics the author will write about?How will the plot be arranged?How will the story develop?Then read and compare your own thoughts, and you will find your own shortcomings or the author's shortcomings.This reading method of self-examination and thinking from one's own perspective can stimulate the greatest reading interest and the broadest thinking space.When you read a wonderful paragraph or scene, pause for a while, cover your head and think about it: Why did the author want to write and say this way?Is it based on the author's personal experience?life experience?logical thinking? ...

We all say that we love reading, we read every day, but it is really not easy to read well.If you draw inferences from one instance, then this "not easy" will become "easy".

Reading notes are also called reading essays and random feelings.It is a form of notes that records the gains, feelings, or opinions, insights, supplements, evaluations, and questions on the content of the readings during the reading process.The reading note method, as the name suggests, refers to the learning method of making excerpts and taking notes while reading.

Many scholars at all times and in all over the world have benefited from this method, and many ancient celebrities have the good habit of "not using pen or ink or reading books".Notes are not limited to the books you read, you can record what you hear, remember what you see, send out when you feel it, regardless of the form, and it is also a method of fragmentary practice.Notes should choose the right target and accumulate in a targeted manner. It is best to combine your main attack direction, develop a habit, and persevere. "One thread a day, ten years to weave into satin".Notes should be read and reviewed frequently, "reviewing the past to learn the new", and also be good at using, drawing inferences from one instance, and making innovations.Before explaining this method, let's talk about the relevant knowledge of reading notes.

(End of this chapter)