Super top students: the most efficient learning method for top students

Chapter 27: Easy to master because of subject memory (1)
How to remember English knowledge

The most common problem that teenagers encounter in the process of learning English is that they cannot remember words.This has greatly affected the interest in learning English, and the English performance will naturally not improve.Most students think that memorizing words is a laborious and ineffective chore.In fact, if appropriate methods can be adopted, not only can a large number of words be memorized, but also interest in English can be increased.Let's briefly introduce several methods of memorizing words:

1. Harmony method

It is a good method to memorize the homophony of English word pronunciation.Since English is written in phonetic alphabet, you can easily guess its pronunciation when you see a word; you can also easily think of its spelling when you hear the pronunciation of a word.Therefore, if the homonym method is used properly, it is the most effective memory method, and it can truly be unforgettable.

Such as 2 and to, 4 and for in English. Quaff drink, drink freely, notation: quaff sounds "kuafu" → Kuafu chasing the sun, drinking heavily when thirsty. Hyphen hyphen "-", notation: hyphen sound "also divided" → still divided, quickly connect with hyphen. shudder trembling, trembling, notation: sound "scared" → trembling with fright.

However, like other methods, the homonym method is only applicable to some words, and it should not be abused and far-fetched.It is an attempt to use homophony to memorize English words and systematize them.The key point of the homophony method is that there must be a smooth connection between the word or phrase (phrase) produced by the homophony and the meaning of the word.This method is also used in English word memory to follow this point.

2. Audiovisual method

The audio-visual method we are talking about here is the method of memory by means of recording and audio.This method can also train and improve listening while memorizing words, confirming various language phenomena learned in classrooms or books before.

Example 1: There's only one way to deal with Rome, Antinanase. You must serve her, you must abase yourself before her, you must grove lather feet, you must love her.
3. Taxonomy

Simply divide the words into food, flowers, etc., and the medium difficulty can be divided into politics, economy, diplomacy, culture, education, tourism, environmental protection, etc., and the more difficult categories are science and technology, religion and ethnicity, national defense, medical and health care, human rights and biology. chemistry etc.These categories are based on the difficulty of your play.The ancients said: "If you give one outline, there are ten thousand eyes." That is to say, if there are memory clues, then there is a guarantee of memory.

A simple example, such as education and culture: Universities are divided into liberal arts, science and engineering (university of liberalarts and science and engineering), medical universities, music colleges, fine arts colleges, normal universities, in addition to colleges of vocational study, middle schools Specialized secondary school, technical school.The freshman, sophomore, junior, and senior students are the freshman, sophomore, junior, and senior students in the first, second, third, and fourth grades of the university.Undergraduates are undergraduates, postgraduates, doctoral doctors, college graduates, polytechnic college graduates, secondary school graduates, elementary school graduates, night school, TV university, correspondence course, short- termclass, crashcourse, remedialclass, literacyclass.Isn't it much simpler to memorize it like this?And with comparison and classification, there will naturally be memory clues.

4. Combination of listening, speaking, reading and writing

The basis for the combination of listening, speaking, reading, writing, and memory is the multi-sensory combination memory method we mentioned earlier.Teenagers can record all the materials to be memorized into their own mp3 through the computer. According to the original text, they can record Chinese or English. The pronunciation should be as standard as possible. When playing the recording, it must be written down by hand. The specific method is as follows:

Put a sentence in the first dictation, dictate a sentence, and ask each sentence and every word to be written down; in the second or third dictation, you are required to listen to a sentence, and only record the subject, verb, object, and numbers (preliminary interpretation notes). ), each time you listen to a passage of the original text, write down your own notes briefly, and then translate it by yourself according to the notes; after that, you only need to listen to it a few times, put longer sentences, and just translate according to memory.This exercise is very interesting, it can put your previous learning into practice, and you can find out where your pronunciation is not accurate, you can hear your own voice, know whether you are shaking, whether you have this, that, humming, or ambiguous pronunciation fault.

The Method of Memorizing Chinese Knowledge

Chinese is a compulsory basic subject for teenagers.An important part of language learning is memory.The middle school stage is the golden age for the development of human memory. If teenagers can combine their own age characteristics, grasp the law of memory, and follow the scientific memory method in the process of learning Chinese, they will definitely achieve better learning results.

Here are a few simple ways to memorize language knowledge:

1. Picture memory method

When reciting ancient poems, we can first carefully figure out the artistic conception of the poem, and turn it into a vivid picture, so that the content of the work can be deeply stored in the brain.For example, when reading Li Bai's "Looking at the Lushan Waterfall", you can imagine the following picture according to the poetic flavor: the mountain is surrounded by clouds and mists, and the Xianglu Peak of Lushan Mountain under the sun seems to be emitting purple clouds and smoke. Splashing, like the Milky Way in the sky falling from the sky.After remembering this magnificent picture, and then experiencing it carefully, I also remembered this poem very deeply.

2. Associative memory method

This is a method of classifying and associating memory according to the internal connection and certain characteristics of the content to be remembered.Here is a simple example.For example, if we want to remember the name of the work and the author, we can make such an association: One day, Maupassant picked up a string of "Necklaces". Balzac thought it was "The Miser". Gogol said it was from "Pliushkin", but Chekhov believed it was from "The Man in a Case".Finally, everyone went to ask Gorky to make a ruling. Gorky ruled that the owners you mentioned are all men, and men don't use this thing.Therefore, the real owner is "Mother".This arrangement connects most of the foreign novel titles and their authors in the high school textbooks. When reviewing, it is like admiring a group of brisk and smooth associations of world famous songs, and they are memorized unconsciously in a relaxed and joyful way.

3. Contrast memory
Some Chinese characters have similar shapes and pronunciations, which are easy to confuse, so it is necessary to summarize them, distinguish and memorize them through comparison.In order to enhance the memory effect, the associative memory method and the formula memory method can also be involved.In fact, the five methods of comparison, induction, homophony, association, and formulas are used together.

(1) Si (sì) full, already (yǐ) half, ji (jǐ) open mouth.Wherein Si is homonymous with 4, has been homonymous with 1, and has been homonymous with Ji, and the order is that half sheets correspond to 4, 1, Ji.

(2) Burning with fire (shāo), watering with water (jiāo), wrapping with silk (rào, rǎo), scratching with hands (náo); relying on people is a fluke (jiǎo) luck, enough food to be rich (ráo), sunrise For dawn (xiǎo), women are more enchanting (ráo).

(3) Pick up (duō) with hands, decorate (zhuì) with silk, drop out (chuò) to learn to drive, sip (chuò) weep and pout.

(4) Win or lose (yínɡ) Peitang money, 蜾蠃 (luǒ) insects are related, Lei (lěi) weak mutton supplement, Ying (yínɡ) surname is passed down the matrilineal line.

(5) Luanyan was relegated (zhé), Di (dí) Gu said with the mouth, the children are the descendant (dí) line, Ming Dy (dí) metal.

(6) Zhong Nian Zhong (zhōnɡ), Mouth Nian mourning (āi), and the Chinese character falling down is pronounced as decline (shuāi).

(7) Yanwuxu (xǔ), wooden Wuchu (chǔ), someone with a heart, pronounced as disobedient (仵) (wǔ).

(8) Hengxu (xū) point Shu (shù) not point Wu (wù), and Rong (rónɡ) should be crossed.

(9) Mourning with heart (dào), easy to drop (diào) in hand, rowing a wooden boat with oars (zhào), nicknamed (chuò) in private.

(10) Distinguish (biàn) carefully, argue (biàn) by language, flower petals (bàn) knot cucumbers, and black silk tie pigtails (biàn).

4. Absurd mnemonic

When reciting the poem "Night in the Mountain Temple", most of the students took 5 minutes to recite it, but one student only took 1 minute to recite it, and it was not bad at all. What is the reason for this?Is this classmate smart?When the students were puzzled, he gave the trick of reciting: There are four sentences in this poem, just remember two words: "master" and "master", and make such an association: the person who lives in the mountain temple is A "master", of course, is also a "master".When reciting, think about each poem from each word, and recite it immediately after connecting them.It seems that this student has learned to use strange associations to remember.

There are many examples of using strange associations to memorize ancient poems, such as: "Ancient Wind": "One grain of millet is planted in spring, and ten thousand seeds are harvested in autumn. There is no idle land in the world, and the farmer is starving to death." —— "The sweet (field) of millet is dead. "Ode to the Willow": "The jasper is as tall as a tree, and thousands of green silk ribbons are hanging down. I don't know who will cut the thin leaves. The spring breeze in February is like scissors." - "Of course the meat (jade) silk must be cut with a thin knife. "

Chinese sometimes needs to recite large paragraphs of text.When reciting, you should first understand the general idea of ​​the whole paragraph, and then divide the whole paragraph into several relatively independent layers according to the meaning.Each layer selects some central words, and connects a certain amount of sentences around them with these central words.When recalling, bring out the sentence with the central word to achieve the effect of quick memory.For example, reciting a passage from Lu Xun's prose poem "Snow":
However, the snowflakes in Shuofang are always like powder and sand after they fly.The snow on the house has already been digested because of the warmth of the living fire in the house.In addition, under the clear sky, when the whirlwind comes suddenly, it will fly vigorously and shine brightly in the sun; the light, like a thick fog enveloping a flame, swirls and rises, filling the sky, causing the sky to swirl and rise to flicker.

We divide the poems into three layers and propose three central words:

(1) Like powder.The image of heavy snow falling on the house, the ground, and the withered grass in the north comes to mind.Because it is like powder, it will never stick together.

(2) On the house.Images that make us think of a living fire inside a house and snow melting on a roof.

(3) Cyclone on a sunny day.Imagine a spectacular scene: the snowflakes are rolled up by the whirlwind. Under the clear sky, the whirling snowflakes reflect the sunlight and shine brilliantly in the sun.It was heavy fog, of course filling the sky.Sun-reflecting snowflakes made the sky swirl and glisten.

In this way, it is easy to memorize this paragraph by arousing imagination from the central word, and then reasoning based on imagination.

A professor at an Italian university has done such an experiment: select a young student with medium skills and let him receive 3-5 days a week, and recite the number training consisting of 3 numbers and 4 arrays for one hour every day.Before each training session, if he can recite the previous training content verbatim, let him add another set of numbers.After 20 months of about 230 hours of training, he was able to memorize 7 numbers at first, and later increased to 80 unrelated numbers, and he could actually remember 80% of the new numbers every time he contacted, which made his memory more powerful. Comparable to experts with special memory.

Memorization method of mathematics knowledge

Learning mathematics focuses on understanding, but some basic knowledge still needs to be memorized, and it takes time to recall it. Therefore, memory is a necessary process for students to master mathematical knowledge, deepen and apply mathematical knowledge.Therefore, how to overcome forgetting and memorize mathematical knowledge in the most scientific and labor-saving way is of great significance for developing students' intelligence and cultivating their abilities.

Understanding is the premise and foundation of memory.Especially mathematics, here are some effective memory methods on the premise of understanding.

1. Mnemonics

Compile mathematical knowledge into rhyming jingles, which are vivid and vivid, and impressive and difficult to forget.Such as the drawing method of the auxiliary line of the circle: the auxiliary line of the circle, the rule is recorded in the middle; the distance between the chord and the center of the chord is closely connected; two circles are tangent, the common tangent line; Connect with the circle and the heart; meet the diameter, make a right angle, and the opposite (co-chord) points of the right angle are a circle.Another example is the chapter "Line Segments and Angles" which can be compiled as follows:

Four properties and five kinds of angles, as well as complementary and supplementary angles;
The distance between two points is small, and the angle bisector is not relaxed;

Two kinds of comparison and measurement, the conversion of angles should not be forgotten;
The concept of angle is divided into two types, followed by the three-line feature.

Among them, the four properties are the basic properties of straight lines, the axiom of line segments, the properties of supplementary angles and the properties of complementary angles; the five types of angles refer to plane angles, circumferential angles, right angles, acute angles and obtuse angles; the distance between two points and one point refers to the distance between two points and the distance between two points and the distance between two points and the length of a line segment Midpoint; the two comparisons are the comparison of line segments and angles, and the third line refers to straight lines, rays, and line segments.

However, when writing, you must pay attention to practicality, and you must not pursue form or grandstanding.

2. Associative memory method

Association is the association of new things felt with things in memory, forming a new temporary connection.There are mainly close associations, contrastive associations, similar associations, etc.Especially for some meaningless materials, the effect is very obvious through artificial association and using meaningful materials as memory clues.For example, use "a temple and a pot of wine in the mountains..." to remember the ratio of pi "3.14159..." and so on.

3. Comparative memory method

Contrast, that is to put similar problems together for comparison, find out the difference and connection, so as to achieve the purpose of deep memory, such as the formula of the square of the sum and the square of the difference, and the memory of the comparison of the formula of the square of the sum and the difference of the cube is as follows:

（1）（a+b）2=a2+2ab+b2
(ab)2=a2-2ab+b2
（2）（a+b）（a2-ab+b2）=a3+b3
(ab)(a2+ab+b2)=a3-b3
4. Associative memory method

Although the memory of mathematical knowledge is mainly based on logic, image memory cannot be ignored.It usually visualizes abstract concepts, formulas, and theorems to help memory.Give full play to imagination and make abstract concepts visualized and vivid.Using this method, you can fully mobilize the interest in learning mathematics, so as to achieve the purpose of memory.For example, the property of the quadratic radical = a, for the mistakes that students have made over the years, it can be taught to students and recorded as "it's too cold outside the house, you need to wear a coat when you go out".Think of "" as "house" and "" as "coat".

5. Categorical memory method

After summarizing the mathematical knowledge related to a chapter or a certain part, it is easy to remember if the same kind of knowledge is grouped together. Four properties, four operations".The four concepts refer to quadratic radicals, the simplest quadratic radicals, similar quadratic radicals, and rationalization of denominators; the four operations are addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division of quadratic radicals.

How to remember chemistry knowledge

Like mathematics, to firmly remember chemical knowledge, it must be based on the understanding of chemical knowledge.On the basis of understanding, teenage friends can try several methods:
1. Simplified mnemonics
There are many and complicated contents to be memorized in chemistry, and students are prone to rambling and not remembering comprehensively when dealing with it.An effective way to overcome it is: on the basis of understanding, use several key words or words to form a sentence, or divide into several points, or list to simplify memory.This is an effective way to memorize the main steps of a chemistry experiment.For example: use 7 words: "one point, two passes, three heating", this sentence summarizes the key steps and precautions of hydrogen reduction of copper oxide, which greatly simplifies the amount of memory.When studying the chemical properties of oxygen, students can analyze and summarize all the phenomena as follows: First, whether there is fire or flame in combustion.Second, how the products of combustion are determined (seen, smelled, or by other ancillary experiments).Third, all combustion experiments are exothermic.Grasping these points greatly simplifies the amount of memory.The laboratory preparation method of oxygen and hydrogen is the first time for students to come into contact with it. It is novel but very unfamiliar and difficult to master. The following steps can be divided into the following steps to simplify the memory.[-]. Principle?What kind of medicine is used to make the gas?Snow; [-]. Installation; [-]. Collection method; [-]. How to identify.Memorizing it in this way is simple and clear, and it is also helpful for learning how to make other gases in the future.

2. Interesting memory method

In order to disperse the difficulties and increase interest, it is necessary to use interesting memory methods to memorize relevant chemical knowledge.For example: the key to the operation of the hydrogen reduction copper oxide experiment: "Hydrogen gas comes out early and returns late, and the alcohol lamp is late and leaves early. The former will explode if it is reversed, and the latter will oxidize if it is reversed." For chemical knowledge that needs to be memorized, use phonology to compose it, combining knowledge and fun. In one, it is catchy to read, easy to remember and recite.For example, the operation formula for pouring liquid from a narrow mouth bottle into a test tube: "Hold the palm to the label with three fingers, and the two mouths are facing each other." "Three-finger grip" means to hold the test tube firmly with the thumb, index finger, and middle finger when holding the test tube; " "Looking down" refers to observing the amount of liquid in the test tube when pouring liquid to prevent pouring too much.

3. Make up rhymes and memorize them
(End of this chapter)