Super top students: the most efficient learning method for top students

Chapter 48 The Leisure Rules of Top Students (1)
Achieving Genius Reading

Reading is the most important means of acquiring multi-faceted knowledge. Many scientific and technological talents not only intensively read professional books, but also have the interest of reading widely.

Jia Sixie, an ancient agricultural scientist in my country, not only carefully studied the agricultural science works left by the predecessors, but also successively studied more than 100 books such as "Book of Songs", "Book of Rites", "Mencius" and "Shuowen Jiezi".Franklin not only studied mathematics, physics and chemistry assiduously throughout his life, but also read books on history, literature, philosophy and sociology.Throughout his life, Darwin intensively read countless works of biology, as well as books other than biology, including fantasy novels, various poems, travel notes, biographies, historical dramas, and even all the works of Shakespeare's plays and poems.

Reading a lot of books will make people broaden their vision, flexible mind and rich thinking, while those with narrow knowledge tend to be dull-minded, narrow-minded and closed-eyed.

We believe that special reading should be combined with expo, which is the best way to broaden one's thinking and broaden one's mind, and it is also an important principle for learning knowledge and enhancing abilities.

Our top students are very fond of reading.Reading is very helpful to our study. For example, obtaining composition materials from life is of course an extremely important way, and accumulating composition materials through reading is another important channel, which is also highly advocated by writers throughout the ages. of.When someone asked Ouyang Xiu for the secret of composition, he said bluntly: "There is no other way to write, but reading is mostly self-work." In his opinion, to write a good composition, you must first read more.

For this point, Cheng Duanli, a scholar in the Yuan Dynasty, made a good explanation.He said: "Reading is like selling copper. Gather copper into the furnace and fan it with a big fan. It is extremely laborious to sell it. Composition is like casting. Once the copper is sold, it can be cast with the mold. Once you make it, you only need to know the mold. No effort at all. The so-called those who work hard on reading and relax on composition."

Here, he uses a very vivid metaphor to illustrate the relationship between reading and composition: as long as you are willing to work hard on reading, composition will become relaxed and easy.The most vivid and thorough statement about the relationship between reading and writing, especially fast reading and fast writing, is Du Fu's famous saying: "If you read a thousand volumes, you can write like a god." Writing articles is like a god's help. Well, what is the reason?It means reading a lot and reading thoroughly.

For individuals, knowledge is power because knowledge can determine destiny. This sentence has two meanings:

One refers to the unprecedented great function of knowledge itself; on the other hand, knowledge can reshape people's character and improve people's mentality, so as to create a successful life through learning.

In the words of Goethe: "A man makes himself not only by what he is born with, but by what he acquires from his studies."

In this regard, many wise and sages have made clear and wonderful expositions.

Yang Xiong, a writer in the Western Han Dynasty, said: "Scholars cultivate their nature. Seeing, hearing, speaking, appearance, and thinking are all properties of nature. Learning is righteous, otherwise evil."

Bacon, the author of "On Reading", said: "Reading history makes people wise, reading poetry makes people smart, calculation makes people precise, philosophy makes people profound, ethics makes people cultivated, and logical rhetoric makes people eloquent."

On the contrary, what will be the life of a person who does not study or seek knowledge?

Mr. Lin Yutang, a master of Chinese studies, said: "The person who has not developed the habit of reading is imprisoned by the world in front of him in terms of time and space. His life is mechanical and rigid. He only follows a few Friends and acquaintances talk, and he sees only what is going on around him. He cannot escape from this prison.

"But if he starts to read, to know the way, then everything will change. Even if he just starts to read a book.

"He's instantly in a different world. If it's a good book, he's immediately in touch with one of the most talkative people in the world.

"This talker guides him on, takes him to a different country or a different age, or unburdens to him some private regret, or discusses with him some matter of learning or life he has never known."

"Reading a good book is talking with many noble people." This is Goethe's experience in reading.

Seeking knowledge and learning is to be in a successful environment, to listen to the teachings of sages, to be friends with successful people, and to learn the methods of success from successful people.

Knowledge is the preparation for innovation, the "internal strength" of competitiveness, and the accumulation of success.

Edison said it well: "Knowledge is second only to virtue. It can make a person really and truly superior to others."

Without the preparation of knowledge of all the above, you will not find anything, and you will not be able to encounter anything.

To be successful, you must remember: "Knowledge is power."

To achieve genius reading is to read a group of books extensively and gain something.There must be a certain way to remember, instead of just watching flowers on horseback and wasting time in vain.

send you celebrity reading method

Here are a few ways to read books for your reference:
1. "Proficient in reciting"

Zheng Banqiao, one of the Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou, is not only a famous painter, but also has high attainments in poetry and calligraphy.He once described the scene when he was studying in this way: "People say that Banqiao is good at reading and memorizing, but he doesn't know that he is good at memorizing, but he is good at reciting ears. Every time Banqiao reads a book, he must read it thousands of times. In the boat, on the horse, under the bed, Or forgetting daggers and chopsticks when eating, or not listening to guests, not forgetting what he said, but memorizing books and reciting silently."

This passage tells everyone that Zheng Banqiao studied very hard.There is another passage in his book "Weixian Office Zhongjiu Modi", which corroborates it. In the letter, he said to his younger brothers: "Reading can be done by looking at it and reciting it. It doesn’t help. I’m caught in my eyes, my heart is in a hurry, I don’t have much space, and I’m overwhelmed with communication. It’s like looking at the beauty in the field, and it’s gone at a glance. What’s the difference with me? I’ve read it through the ages, who is like Confucius? Read "Yi" to I don’t know how many times I have read Wei’s three masterpieces. The essence of the small words, the more you explore, the more you learn, the more you study, the more you go, but you don’t know where you are. Although you are a saint who knows how to walk, don’t waste your time and encourage you to go to school. It’s also a great achievement. Dongpo didn’t need to read the book twice, but when he read “A Fang Gong Fu” to the fourth drum in the Hanlin, the old officials suffered a lot, but Po was untiring. How could it be that he remembered it as soon as he passed it, and the matter was done!”

It can be seen that Zheng Banqiao does not advocate "recitation from a glance", but advocates frequent recitation, and only when he recites repeatedly can he realize the true meaning of the words in the book. "If you read the book a hundred times, you will see its meaning."

Zheng Banqiao believes that only in this way can we achieve the state of "the more you explore, the more you learn, the more you learn, the more you go without knowing what you are poor".

Zheng Banqiao summed up the reading method of "good reciting and proficiency" in the practice of reading. He believes that reading must have a certain method, and we must pay attention to "goodness" and "fineness".

2. Recall method

The so-called recall reading method refers to recalling and appreciating the books you have read without books.

Mr. Ba Jin, a modern writer, has unique insights in this regard.He once wrote an article in the "Reading" magazine: "I was hospitalized for the second time. I got out of bed and sat on the sofa every day after taking a nap for less than an hour. I waited for the comrade nurse to take my temperature at two o'clock. I sat there motionless. But I didn’t doze off. My brain refuses to rest, it is recalling some books and some works I have read in the past, as if it wants to keep a little good thing before my memory completely fades.” This approach is The best example of memory reading method.

There are many benefits to using the memory reading method skillfully:

First, you can make full use of time and get rid of the constraints of harsh conditions and bad environments.

Mr. Ba Jin said: "Memory reading method can make full use of time, and has the advantage of not being restricted by conditions and circumstances. During the 'Cultural Revolution', if the rebels allowed me to write a diary, and allowed me to write a diary according to my own will, I must write in my diary. Full of book titles. People will wonder, my study has been sealed, locked, and closed for 10 years, where do I find those books to read? They forget that there is a big warehouse in the human brain, which stores Something no one else can take away."

This incident tells us: Recalling reading method is not restricted by various conditions, allowing you to travel in the kingdom of knowledge very freely, isn't it very convenient and effective?

Second, it is possible to learn from the old by reviewing the old and learn the new, and to absorb nutrients deeply.

Through memory, a little taste of the books read in the past is like ruminating the cud of cattle and sheep, which can promote digestion and absorption.Every time I recall a good book I have read, my understanding and understanding of the book and the grasp of the theme will be deeper.

Third, regular review of the books you have read can make people draw spiritual strength from them.

Mr. Ba Jin said: "I am fighting against the disease now, and I also get encouragement from various works... Even if I don't have the energy to read new works when I am ill, the accumulation of spiritual wealth in the past is enough to consume the rest of my limited life." .until death, man needs light and heat."

In order to make the method of recalling reading a unique and beneficial method of reading, you first need to have the content of recall, which requires reading a lot of books before that, and having a certain degree of understanding and understanding of the content in the book.

Mr. Ba Jin once said: "Now there are more than 200 articles stored in my mind. Although I haven't studied any of them well, so many specific things can at least make me understand the so-called "articles". What is going on."

This kind of conscious and planned "storage" in the mind is an indispensable basic project for studying and studying.Ba Jin's memory reading method is also worthy of reference for each of us.

3. Read more, write more, think more, ask more

The first is to read more.

The so-called multi-reading has two meanings: one refers to reading a large number of books with a wide range of content; the other refers to reading valuable literature and books many times, so that the situation of "familiarity" is reached.

The great man Mao Zedong can often recite some prose and poems he has read, and he can easily recite more than 500 ancient poems in his later years.He can often memorize important passages of many novels verbatim.Many college students who work around him feel inferior.

Mao Zedong's favorite history book in his life is a set of thread-bound "24 Histories". It has been with him for decades, and the cover of this set of books has been worn out after countless times of reading.

In 1975, Mao Zedong was plagued by illness, and his hands trembled even when writing, but he also wrote the words "Reread in July 1975" and "Reread in September 7" on many books.He was particularly fond of Sima Guang's "Zi Zhi Tong Jian". In his life, he actually read "Zi Zhi Tong Jian" 1975 times and made a lot of comments in it.

The second is to write more.

Mao Zedong said: "If you don't use pen and ink, you don't read." It can be seen that taking notes and writing random thoughts are also important methods of reading.Mao Zedong wrote in various forms.

When he was young, he wrote "Classroom Records" when he was listening in class, and "Reading Records" when he was self-study after class. In addition, he also had selected transcripts and excerpts.

He has drawn various symbols on important parts of many valuable books he has read. In the library of Fengze Garden, there are more than 1.3 books that he has marked and marked.

For example, the book "Principles of Ethics" has a total of more than 10 characters, but Mao Zedong wrote as many as 1.2 characters in the margins of the book in lower case.When reading "A Course in Dialectics and Materialism", he also wrote a comment of nearly 13 words on the eyebrow of the book with a brush and red and blue pencils.

After he read Ai Siqi's "Dialectics" in Yan'an, he wrote a special reading note, writing a summary of the book and his own views on the book.Mao Zedong also had a habit of keeping a reading diary, which included some mistakes in the book, from which we can see the depth of his research and the rigor of his scholarship.

The third is to think too much.

Thinking more when reading means that when reading, you should not only accurately grasp the author's thoughts, but also compare your own ideas with them, and "talk" about some of your views on the book, just like discussing with the author. .This kind of "written talk" turns reading into a process of repeated thinking.

The reason why Mao Zedong was able to put forward many novel insights and incisive evaluations was the result of his deep reading and thinking.

The fourth is to ask more questions.

Mao Zedong often said: Learning is about "learning" and "asking".When we study, we should not only study hard, but also ask questions.

Mao Zedong developed the habit of being diligent and inquisitive in his youth, and after he became the leader of China, he still maintained this inquisitive style of study.When he encounters a problem he doesn't understand, he either reads some popular pamphlets, consults experts, or consults reference books.

This is how he continues to acquire knowledge by asking more questions.

4. Backtracking

After discovering a problem while reading, link it with the content of various books related to it, and after detailed analysis, comparison, and verification, obtain a reasonable explanation of reading method, which is the so-called method of tracing back to the source of reading.

In the Qing Dynasty, Yuan Mei once criticized Mao Qiling for wrongly commenting on Su Shi's poems in "Suiyuan Shihua".

Su Shi said in his poem: "Spring River Plumbing Duck Prophet", Mao Qiling commented: "It must be a duck prophet, don't geese know?"

Yuan Mei felt annoyed and funny about Mao Qiling's comments. If Mao Qiling's understanding is to be followed, then the "Guanguan Jujiu, in the Continent of the River" in "The Book of Songs" is also a mistake. Could it be that there are only Jujiu and no turtledoves?
The pen-and-ink lawsuit between Yuan Mei and Mao Qiling, who is right and who is wrong, will be over if ordinary people look at it, and no one will go into it. source.

Mr. Qian Zhongshu, a modern scholar, found Volume [-] of "Xihe Poetry Talk", and read Mao Qiling's original words: Su Shi's poem imitated the line of Tang poetry "birds and prophets looking for the way among flowers".When finding the way, because the bird is familiar with the way among the flowers, the bird is more prophetic than the human.Animals in the water can feel warm and cold, but Su Shi said that only ducks are prophets, which is wrong.

According to common sense, more rigorous people may stop studying this, but Mr. Qian Zhongshu did not stop there.He also found Su Shi's original poem "Evening View of the Spring River in Hui Chong", which said: "Three or two branches of peach blossoms outside the bamboo, the spring river is a prophet of warm ducks." Only then did he know that Su Shi's poem was written for a painting, Because there are peach blossoms, spring rivers, bamboo, and ducks on the screen, Su Shi wrote "Duck Prophet" in his poem.It seems that Mao Qiling was wrong.

In order to clarify the problem thoroughly, Mr. Qian Zhongshu found Zhang Wei's original work "Spring Garden Family Banquet", which wrote: "The cook in the bamboo is missing, and the bird is the prophet looking for the way among the flowers." People in the garden Finding a way is not as familiar as a bird's familiarity with the road. This is realistic.Su Shi said that the duck prophet in his poem is freehand and intended to praise the spring. This is the sublimation of the artistic conception of the picture and the unique feeling of the poet. It seems that Su Shi's "duck prophet" sentence is better than Zhang Wei's in terms of conception and connotation. The sentence is superior.

Finally, Mr. Qian Zhongshu praised Su Shi by citing the phrase "Shangshang Quatrains" in "Xiangqilou Diary", and pointed out that Mao Qiling only talked about Confucianism, and his poems often had a special heart, which was despicable and ridiculous, and he did not understand Su Dongpo's painstakingly.

From this case, it is not difficult to derive Qian Zhongshu's reading method - to study deeply, to refer to and compare various related works, and to treat the words of each school realistically.

Qian Zhongshu's reading method helps readers learn from others' strong points, draw inferences from one instance, and practice various thinking such as new reasoning and new imagination; it helps to cultivate a rigorous and realistic learning attitude; it helps to improve the ability of scholars to think carefully.

5. The method of "knowing people and writing"
When we read an article, we cannot be completely ignorant of the author.For example, if you don’t understand Mr. Lu Xun’s personality, personality, and the background of the author’s time, you cannot understand the depression and injustice in Mr. Lu Xun’s article, which is "one pawn in the middle, and the lotus halberd wandering alone"!

Mr. Jia Pingwa, a famous writer, thinks: If you like a book, you might as well read more.The first time you can swallow the jujube whole, this is called enjoyment; the second time you sit down and read it quietly, this is called Yinwei;After reading it three times, put it on for a few days, and then read it again, there will often be new enlightenment.Only in this way can it be possible to grasp the essence of the whole book.

Regarding the second question, he said: "If you really fall in love with this book, just find more books by this author to read in a period of time, read his novels, read his novels, and read his novels." Short stories, or prose, or poetry, or theory, and then read other people's comments on him and biographies written for him, and you can also read some works of his contemporaries." Because doing so is often better than just reading the author's All works more effectively.

Mr. Jia Pingwa also pointed out: "As for this, you know his writing, you know his people better, you understand what society was like at that time, what the literary world was like, and how his experience, personality, character, hobbies, etc. contributed to his style. Form." If you can know the text and know people when you are reading, then your comprehension ability, appreciation ability and creative ability will be improved accordingly.

He often tells people that reading should be carried on with an attitude of inheritance, and one must never "kneel down" to read, and there is no exception for any author's works.

In fact, you can only inherit, not repeat, any of the works of a great master. When you read his works, you pull him to your feet to read.This is not arrogance, this is just knowing its strengths, knowing its weaknesses, learning the spirit and discarding the superficiality.Nihilism is ridiculous, but if you kneel at the feet of others and read, he can benefit you or hurt you, and you will always be behind his ass.

Reading must extract its essence and discard its dross, so as to maximize strengths and avoid weaknesses. Only in this way can the purpose of reading to inherit and create be achieved.

To sum up, Mr. Jia Pingwa's reading method focuses on "knowing the text and knowing people, and applying what you have learned".His combination of Bo and professional, learning and entrepreneurship is not only helpful to those who love literature, but also to those who have other hobbies.

In addition, when reading other scientific and technological works with a large amount of information, we have also tailored a new reading method:

1. Skip reading method

(End of this chapter)