Shadow of the Tomb Raider: A Complete Record of the History of Tomb Raiders in China

Chapter 32 The third wave of tomb robbery: the trend of tomb robbery in the Sui, Tang, Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms (1)
The founding emperor wants to be buried lightly
In Chinese history, Cao Cao was the first king to propose thin burials, and he set up a banner for the thin burials of Chinese emperors in all dynasties.After him, some people who demanded a thin burial appeared one after another, and Yang Jian, the founding emperor of the Sui Dynasty, was one of them.

Yang Jian, the founding emperor of the Sui Dynasty.Han nationality, born in Huayin, Hongnong County (now Huayin County, Shaanxi Province).The fourteenth grandson of Han Taiwei Yang Zhen.In 589 A.D., Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty sent troops to the south, destroyed the Chen Dynasty that ruled the south, and unified the whole country. In the same year, the Ryukyu Islands surrendered to the Sui Dynasty. The world is a sacred pilgrimage of cattle and horses.Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty ended the long-term chaos in China and conquered the barbarians of all ethnic groups, bringing China back to a peaceful age.He created an advanced system of selecting officials and developed the cultural economy, making China a prosperous country.During the reign of Emperor Wen, the Kaihuang period of the Sui Dynasty had a vast territory and a population of more than 700 million. It was the peak period of farming civilization in human history.Yang Jian is the greatest Chinese emperor in the eyes of Westerners.He is revered as "Saint Khan".

At the beginning of the founding of the country, Yang Jian was diligent in political affairs and worked hard to govern the country, which made the country prosperous and the treasury rich, which contributed to the situation of "the rule of the first emperor". He was a relatively accomplished monarch in history.Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty Yang Jian married the Dugu family and had five sons, the eldest son Yang Yong, the second son Yang Guang, followed by Yang Jun, Yang Xiu and Yang Liang.In 581 AD, after Yang Jian became the emperor of Zhou and established the Sui Dynasty, he made Yang Yong the prince and named Yang Guang the king of Jin.

Yang Yong was eager to learn since he was a child, with a gentle temperament and good at Ci Fu, which was quite popular with Yang Jian.According to the principle of "establishing a heir and establishing an elder", Yang Jian proclaimed the emperor and appointed Yang Yong as the prince.After Yang Yong was established as the prince, he was allowed to participate in the adjudication of military affairs, political affairs and punishments below the death penalty.Whenever there was something inappropriate in political affairs, he would put forward different opinions and corrective measures. Emperor Wen mostly agreed with him and often adopted his opinions.But Yang Yong is kind, straightforward, straightforward and stubborn, he doesn't know how to deal with things, and likes to show off.Emperor Wen Yang Jian was strict with himself, treated others leniently, was frugal, and opposed luxury. He was very dissatisfied with Yang Yong's style.He taught the prince Yang Yong a lesson and said: "There is no luxury that can last for a long time in ruling the world. As a prince, you should first advocate frugality. Once, when a hundred officials came to the court, Yang Yong made fun of congratulations, and Emperor Wen was very disgusted. So, Emperor Wen Yang Jian's favor towards Yang Yong gradually weakened. Empress Dugu didn't like her eldest son Yang Yong, but preferred her second son Yang Guang. Prince Yang Yong's concubine Yuan Shi was chosen by Empress Dugu. The Yuan family was also a big family in the Northern Dynasty. The family was right, so they got married. The Yuan family is honest and honest, but his appearance is mediocre, he is weak and sick, and he is barren, so he cannot get the favor of the prince Yang Yong. Yang Yong uses his own son as an excuse, chooses more concubine, more pets, You Aiji's concubine, Yunshi, was conferred the title of Zhaoxun by Yang Yong. He didn't like the concubine Yuan, who was appointed by Empress Dugu for him. However, Concubine Yuan died suddenly of a heart attack. Yong and Yun Zhaoxun were harmed. After the death of Concubine Yuan, Yang Yong asked Li Yun Zhaoxun to be his concubine, but Queen Dugu refused. The queen wanted to choose another concubine for the prince, but Yang Yong said that he would not marry another woman. In this way, the mother and son became deadlocked. The queen disliked Yang Yong even more, and even provoked the relationship between Emperor Wen and Yang Yong.

Just when the prince Yang Yong was falling out of favor in front of his father and queen mother, Jin Wang Yang Guang was good at pretending.He is just the opposite of his elder brother Yang Yong. Yang Guang is handsome, smart and eager to learn.He is very humble in receiving people and things.He knew that his mother was extremely jealous, so all the members of Prince Jin's mansion acted like they were courteous and lived a simple life.Once, Yang Jian, Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty, "raided" Yang Guang's mansion to inspect it. Everything in front of him made him sigh with relief: in the lounges of Yang Guang's study rooms, most of the strings of musical instruments were cut off, and the dust was sticky. It is full, and it seems to have been used for a long time and completely discarded.This time, he mistakenly thought that the emperor didn't like kabuki music, so he would definitely become a master.He even thought of the time when the emperor went hunting with him in the rain, and the soldiers were wet, but the emperor refused to wear the tung oil raincoat that was handed over to him. That scene moved him for a long time as the emperor.Today's inspection has once again strengthened his confidence in the emperor Yang Guang.

In this way, Yang Guang not only won the favor of his parents, but also won the praise of his officials, and his reputation became higher and higher.At the same time, Yang Guang also secretly instigated party members Yang Su and others to praise Yang Guang's merits in front of his father and queen mother, and said more about the fault of the prince Yang Yong. thought.But abolishing the establishment is a major event, and Emperor Wen secretly sent someone to observe the prince's behavior.Once, Emperor Wen sent Yang Su to visit the prince. When Yang Su went to the East Palace, he deliberately stopped outside the door for a long time to make the prince wait for a long time in order to anger him.Sure enough, the prince was very dissatisfied.Yang Su came back and told Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty that Yang Yong hated Yang Jian and was afraid of launching a rebellion. He also said that Yang Yong was planning to launch a mutiny in the capital when Yang Jian left Chang'an for Renshou Palace, punishing and killing ministers, and fabricated many charges.After hearing these slanderous words, Yang Jian became more suspicious of Prince Yang Yong.At this time, Yuan Chong, Yang Guang's confidant Taishi, thought that the time was ripe, so he said to Emperor Wen under the guise of astronomical phenomena: "The minister observes astronomy, and the crown prince will be abolished."Emperor Wen believed it to be true, and in 600 years, Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty abolished the crown prince Yang Yong as a commoner and made Yang Guang the crown prince.

Yang Guang took advantage of Emperor Wen's complex feelings of eagerness for the prince's success and hatred of iron and steel, sowing dissension, and using all insidious and vicious means, he finally defeated Yang Yong and became a legitimate prince himself.

In the first month of the fourth year of Renshou (AD 604), Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty left the capital, went to Renshou Palace to recuperate, and entrusted the government to Prince Yang Guang.The elderly and frail Yang Jian fell ill shortly after arriving in Renshou Palace, and his condition became increasingly serious.Just in case, he ordered his ministers to go to the capital to summon the prince.

Accompanied by Zuo Pushe Yang Su, Minister of the Ministry of War Liu Shu, Huangmen Minister Yuan Yan and the guards, Prince Yang Guang rushed to Renshou Palace on a starry night, and went to see Emperor Wen of Sui that night.Since Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty was sleeping soundly, Yang Guang and others asked the people in the left and right palaces about his condition, and after learning about some things, they went to rest.Early the next morning, Yang Guang and others went to see Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty again.Lying on the bed, Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty opened his eyes slightly, spoke a few words to them weakly, and then ordered them to leave.

When Yang Guang arrived in the main hall, he couldn't calm down for a long time.Thinking that Emperor Wen of Sui was terminally ill and would die soon, and that he would ascend the throne of emperor, he couldn't restrain his joy, so he wrote a letter to Yang Su, asking what he should do after Emperor Wen of Sui died.After Yang Su read the letter, he immediately replied one, discussing in detail the various measures that should be taken after the death of Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty.Unexpectedly, the letter from Yang Su to Yang Guang was sent to Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty by mistake.Emperor Wen was furious after seeing it, and scolded Yang Guang as an unworthy descendant.

At this time, Yang Guang, whose name was to serve his father Yang Jian, was actually waiting for his death, and met a stunning woman in the garden—Mrs.The Chen family is the younger sister of Empress Chen.When Yang Guang saw this, he couldn't help but burn with desire, and his bestial behavior became violent, trying to rape her.Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty was furious when he heard about it, and he really saw Yang Guang's true face. He forced himself to sit up from the hospital bed, and kept cursing: "How can such a bastard be entrusted with important affairs of the country!" and quickly summoned Liu Shu , Yuan Yan entered the palace, and asked them to immediately draft an imperial edict to abolish Yang Guang and make Yang Yong the crown prince.After Yang Su heard about it, he hurriedly found Yang Guang and told him the content of the edict.Yang Guang was very anxious.Seeing this situation, Yang Su quietly expressed his thoughts.Yang Guang was overjoyed after hearing this, and immediately ordered to do so.

Immediately, Yang Guang ordered the East Palace soldiers to enter the guard, arrested Liu Shu and Yuan Yan, and replaced all the guards of Emperor Wen of Sui with the East Palace guards.Under the command of generals Yu Wenshu and Guo Yan, these guards blocked all passages of Renshou Palace.Yang Guang also ordered that no one should enter Renshou Palace without his permission.After everything was arranged, Yang Guang sent Zhang Heng, the concubine of the left, directly into the bedroom of Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty.Zhang Heng asked all the people around Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty to leave, and he took care of them.Xuanhua's wife, Mrs. Chen, and many court ladies were driven to other rooms.After a while, Zhang Heng came out of Emperor Wen's bedroom and shouted: "The emperor is dead, why didn't you report earlier?"In fact, Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty was killed by Zhang Heng.It is said that Zhang Heng entered the palace of Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty, and after driving everyone away, he pulled Emperor Wen of Sui from the bed and stabbed him directly with a knife. Emperor Wen's screams can be heard.

Soon, Yang Guang ascended the throne as the most lewd and immoral Emperor Sui Yang in history.In just over ten years, he destroyed the Great Sui Empire that Emperor Wen of Sui had painstakingly managed for decades.

Yang Jian, the founding king of the Sui Dynasty who worked hard to rule the country, passed away in this way.His coffin achieved the final burial.Yang Jian's mausoleum is Tailing.Tailing Mausoleum is located in Shuangmiaopo Village, Wuquan Township, Yangling District, 75 kilometers west of Xianyang City.In front of the mausoleum, there is a stele of "Tailing Mausoleum of Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty" erected by Bi Yuan, governor of Shaanxi in Qing Dynasty.

The Tailing Mausoleum was first built in the fourth year of Renshou in the Sui Dynasty (AD 602). It is actually the joint burial tomb of Yang Jian and Empress Dugu.The mausoleum is 27.4 meters high, in the shape of an overturned bucket, and was built by tamping.The bottom area is 26560 square meters.The top of the mausoleum is flat and rectangular, 48 meters long from east to west and 38 meters wide from north to south.3 to 5 meters around the bottom of the mausoleum have been excavated, and the remaining ones are 166 meters long from east to west and 160 meters wide from north to south.The original rammed-earth city wall was built around the mausoleum, but it has been basically destroyed. Only the northern city still has a remnant wall, which is about 130 meters long, 1.2 meters high at the highest point, and 5.5 meters wide.The rammed layer is clear and the rammed dimples are obvious.After preliminary drilling, the mausoleum is 756 meters long from east to west and 652 meters wide from north to south, with a total area of ​​49.29 square meters.A large number of brick and tile fragments were found at the four corners and the middle of the wall, which should be the remnants of the towers and city gates built at that time.

The Tailing Mausoleum is similar to the system of the Qin and Han Dynasties, which sealed the earth as a mausoleum (tomb). However, perhaps because of the previous order of Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty, the tomb of the founding king is far inferior to the scale of the Qin and Han imperial tombs.According to the burial system of the Western Han Dynasty, in the second year after the emperor ascended the throne, one-third of the national tax revenue was collected every year to build the emperor's mausoleum, that is, Shouling.The emperor's cemetery covers an area of ​​seven hectares, the mausoleum covers an area of ​​one hectare, the mausoleum is twelve feet high, thirteen feet deep, and the tomb chamber is one and seven feet high.There are four tomb passages, all of which can pass a cart driven by six horses.There are hidden swords and crossbow organs buried in the four gates to prevent tomb robbers.The deceased was wearing a gold-threaded jade garment, with a jade cicada in his mouth...

Then, is the tomb of Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty also like the burial system of the Han Dynasty, must there be a large number of gold, silver, jewelry, and rare antiques in the emperor's tomb? The author of "Legend of Tomb Raiders in China" has read all the books and visited the folk villages around the Tailing Mausoleum, and found that there are no examples of the burial of the Tailing Mausoleum in the classics. , are so far wandering, no harvest.Especially during the period of the Republic of China, the warlords Fan Laoer and Zhang Baiying failed to dig out the treasures of the underground palace of Famen Temple, so they went to Tailing to dig a hole to steal.

Yang Jian's "thin burial" will has given many robbers a sigh of disappointment and futility.

When the annual rings of the years were engraved at the end of the 20s, a world-renowned archaeological discovery once again proved the great creation of "thin burial" advocated by Yang Jian, Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty.This is the opening of the underground palace of the Fawang Pagoda of Xianyou Temple in Zhouzhi County, Shaanxi Province.

At noon on October 1998, 10, China Central Television broadcast live the whole process of the opening of the Dharma King Pagoda's underground palace, which enabled curious and conceited modern people to have a deeper understanding of the construction and worship of the emperor's mausoleum, temples, pagodas and temples in the Sui Dynasty.

The stupa was built by the order of Yang Jian, Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty in the first year of Renshou in Sui Dynasty.At that time, Emperor Wen ordered 31 states across the country to build pagodas to worship relics, and Zhouzhi Fawang Pagoda was one of them.

The opening of the underground palace of the Fawang Pagoda of Xianyou Temple in Shaanxi lifted the veil that had been sought for a long time, and the stone letters and steles that had been confined for more than a thousand years were revealed along with many mysteries.

Xianyou Temple is located in Zhouzhi County, west of Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province. The discovery of the underground palace of the Fawang Pagoda was really accidental.At that time, during the demolition of the Pagoda of the Fawang Tower, no underground palace was found, but it was only after continuing to clean up that it found signs.After following the trail and digging down, I finally found the underground palace door opening 1.65 meters below the base of the pagoda.

Five mysterious pebbles are exposed around the top of the underground palace. The pebbles that were originally blocked on the passageway of more than 1 meter wide, 2 meters high, and 1.5 meters long have been removed. The pebbles are mixed with ancient residual stone components and the stone gate of the underground palace. leftovers.

Line-carved portraits of figures on both sides of the palace gate with a height of 0.7 meters and a width of 0.4 meters were unearthed in the underground palace. The lines are smooth and the carvings are exquisite and vivid.Inside the underground palace, there is a stone box in the palace, about 60 centimeters square and 40 centimeters high, with exquisite patterns carved on the outside, and a beautiful pottery furnace on the cover.On the left side of the stone letter is a bluestone tablet about 50 centimeters square and about 10 centimeters thick. There are inscriptions on both sides of the tablet. Ming", about 100 characters.According to cultural relics experts, according to the analysis of records, the Tower of the Fawang and the underground palace of the Tower of the Fawang were built around the first year of Renshou in the Sui Dynasty (AD 200), which is more than 601 years ago.

Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty left an example of simple burial to future generations, but did not leave opportunities for future generations to establish an archaeological status!
As the Buddha said: All causes have their own effects.The real answer is probably only known by Yang Jian, Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty.Because of his belief in Buddhism, it is true that he ordered 31 states across the country to build pagodas to enshrine relics, and it is also true that he advocated the custom of frugal burials. It is true that thousands of people have not seen a large number of treasures rolling in from the pagoda today.In fact, the highest state of worshiping and worshiping Buddha and serving Buddha is to praise one's sincerity, and the extravagance of holding gold and silver is not the act of Yang Jian, Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty, who is in the stage of accumulating national wealth and making great efforts to govern.

The Tomb of the Tyrannical Emperor Was Excavated

Sui Yang Emperor Yang Guang, who was arrogant and extravagant by nature, ascended to the throne of the Great Sui Emperor after hastily "buried" his father, Sui Wendi Yang Jian. Only a few days after he ascended the throne, he started the huge project of moving the capital to Luoyang.

In Chinese history, Emperor Sui Yang was known for his brutality.But judging from a large amount of historical data, Emperor Sui Yang was not useless.

First of all, during the unification of the Sui Dynasty, he led the army to destroy Chen and made great contributions to the unification of China.In 589 A.D., Yang Guang, who was only 20 years old, was worshiped as the Grand Marshal of the Sui Dynasty. He led an army of 51 troops to attack the Chen Dynasty and complete the unification.Under the command of Yang Guang, the Sui army was disciplined, brave and good at fighting, and broke through the Yangtze River moat in one fell swoop.Wherever he goes, he is invincible.As for the common people, there is "no offense in autumn", and "nothing is taken" from the assets of the treasury of the Chen Dynasty.Won widespread praise from the people. "Everyone in the world is known as Guang Zhixian". The 20-year-old Yang Guang completed the great cause of China's unification and ended the situation of China's division for hundreds of years.It also ended the three or four hundred years of war in China.Since then, China has entered an era of peace and prosperity.

Second, he dug the world-famous Grand Canal.

The Grand Canal Emperor Sui Yang ordered the excavation and construction of the North-South "Grand Canal" to connect the Qiantang River, Yangtze River, Huaihe River, Yellow River and Haihe River.Such a huge project will benefit thousands of generations.The Grand Canal is far more important to China than the Great Wall is to China.The Grand Canal connects the Yellow River Basin and the Yangtze River Basin, connecting the two civilizations.The Yellow River Basin and the Yangtze River Basin gradually become one.The construction of the Grand Canal is a move to unite China.It satisfies the urgent need to connect the Yangtze River Basin, which has become the economic center of the country, with the north, which is still the political center. The construction of the "Grand Canal" made China's water transportation smooth and developed, and laid a solid foundation for the prosperity of future generations of China.Since the water transport was changed to sea transport in the late Qing Dynasty, the Grand Canal was no longer the main artery of the national economy.Emperor Sui Yang brought great benefits to all generations of Chinese descendants.His contribution to China is immortal, and it is difficult for anyone to compare... It's just that the price he paid for it was too high.Waste of people and wealth leads to the destruction of the country.

In addition, he fought against the Turks and Tuyuhun, reopened the Silk Road, and maintained a vast territory.

In 605 A.D. (the first year of Daye), Sui general Wei Yunqi led Turkic troops to defeat Khitan. Wei Yunqi threatened to go to Liucheng (now south of Chaoyang, Liaoning) to trade with Koryo, and led his troops into the territory. The Khitans did not take any precautions. .Wei Yunqi led his army 50 miles away from the Khitan camp, suddenly launched an attack, defeated the Khitan army, and captured more than 4 men and women.The Sui Dynasty prevented and delayed the Khitan's rise to power.

In 608 A.D. (the fourth year of Daye), Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty sent troops to destroy Tuyuhun.The territory has been expanded for thousands of miles, ranging from the east bank of Qinghai Lake in the east to the Tarim Basin in the west, from the Kuruktag Mountains in the north to the Kunlun Mountains in the south, and is managed by the county system.bring it under Chinese rule.This is a place where no formal administrative district has ever been set up in previous dynasties.

In 609 A.D. (the fifth year of Daye), Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty led a mighty army from Chang'an, the capital (now Xi'an), to Longxi, Gansu, westward to Qinghai, across the Qilian Mountains, and northward through Dadouba Valley, to Zhangye County in the Hexi Corridor. .This trip is by no means a tour of mountains and rivers, just for personal fun.Due to the desert frontier and harsh natural conditions in the west since ancient times, Emperor Sui Yang was hit by a blizzard.The canyon is more than 3000 meters above sea level, and the temperature is below zero all year round.Most of the soldiers froze to death, and most of the accompanying officials were scattered.Emperor Sui Yang was also in a panic and suffered a lot on the road.Emperor Sui Yang's tour to the west lasted half a year, and he went as far as Qinghai and the Hexi Corridor.It means a lot.In the feudal era, the only Chinese emperor who reached the far northwest was Emperor Sui Yang.Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty set up the four prefectures of Xihai, Heyuan, Shanshan, and Qiemo during his westward tour, which further contributed to the Northwest of Gansu, Qinghai, and Xinjiang becoming an inseparable part of China.

(End of this chapter)