Shadow of the Tomb Raider: A Complete Record of the History of Tomb Raiders in China

Chapter 46 The Sixth Wave of Tomb Raiders: Tomb Raiders in Modern Times (5)
Fortunately, the tragedy in Dongling happened a few days before my younger brother took over the seal, especially in Qianlong's and Xiaoqin's empress mausoleums.The corpse of Concubine Hui of Tongzhi is as alive as it is, which is really inexplicable. Concubine Hui is still the cousin of her younger brother.Lamentable and weeping!Now the scope of this case has expanded, and the younger brother's office is investigating it, and it will need to be resolved by the national government meeting in the future.The Qing Dynasty was a generation of monarchs, and it took less than 20 years to abdicate. Such a result is sad.Qianlong and Xiaoqin, male and female, have the greatest relationship with the ups and downs of China, and this robbery is also the most serious.Not in the hands of outsiders, not in the hands of revolutionaries, but in the hands of a group of military bandits who have no knowledge and want to make money abroad. Is there a certain number in silence (suspected to be a mistake)?
Judging from Jiang Qijuan's reply letter, apart from rejoicing that he was not responsible for the case, he did not seem to be surprised. Perhaps in his opinion, the Dongling tragedy is indeed a "fixed number".

Not long after Hengyong received the letter, Bei Zipu of the Manchu Qing Dynasty received another petition from He Jun, a bannerman of the Dongling House of Internal Affairs.This report described in more detail what happened before and after the theft of the Dongling Mausoleum, and actually filed a complaint against Yupeng.The text is:

In order to report the theft of Dongling Mausoleum in order to conduct investigations, steal investigations in the fifth month of the lunar calendar, when the Feng army was retreating, the mausoleum was protected by no one, and the guardian Yu Peng colluded with the internal affairs doctors Bo Erzhuang Wu, Lin Xiang, Yi Chang Enhua, etc. , and Shao Shouyan, a well-known native Huiling young Ding, colluded with Zhu Zishan, a wood merchant, Chen Jingzhai, vice president of Zunhua Business, and Zhang Yuzhen, manager of Fuxing Yong, Puchen City, Xizhu Shikou, Beiping, etc., to steal and sell gold and silver utensils, films, and five offerings from various mausoleums. The property was priced at more than [-] yuan, and all the bannermen were fooled and lured into being the promoters of the sale.After contacting the bandits from all over the country for protection, on May [-], the items from each tomb were taken out from the gold and silver utensil warehouse by Zhu Zishan and others, and transported to Zunhua County.It is recently heard that they were transferred to Pingjin and tried to sell them to outsiders to satisfy their selfish desires.The merchants and other businesses allocated the funds, while Yang used the name of maintaining the livelihood of the banner people, and Yin was divided by traitors and thieves.As soon as this wind broke out, the local people thought that the official property in the mausoleum could be seized freely without hindrance, and they mobilized to demolish the palace and sell it wantonly.

In only five or six months, all the nanmu purlins were demolished, leaving only the hall cover.This is especially the case in Zhaoxi Mausoleum, Xiaoling Mausoleum, Dahongmen, Changyi Hall, Jingfei Mausoleum, Huiling East and West Halls, and God's Kitchen.From time to time, Sun Kuiyuan's army lived in Mashenqiao. Witnessing this situation, seeing Lizhi fainted, he became suspicious.He sent his division commander Han Dabao, under the guise of suppressing bandits, to lead his troops to be stationed in various tombs on May [-]th.Dedicate Yuling and Putuoyu to Dongling, blow up the underground palace with explosives, dig up the Zigong, dig out all the valuables hidden in the ground, hide them and sell them, and return to defense after everything is done.Now all the mausoleums have been destroyed to the extreme, and the underground palaces of Yuling and Dingdongling, the remains of the first emperor and successive emperors are still exposed.However, Yupeng, the minister of guardianship, and the staff of the mausoleum were not only indifferent, but came to Beijing to sell copper furnaces, tripods, deer, cranes and other ancient relics from various mausoleums to enrich their own pockets.It seems that such audacious and reckless crimes are extremely sinful, and they should be punished strictly according to the law, with canonical punishment.I hereby weep, pray for the ruling, and order the criminals to be arrested and prosecuted to punish the rebels.If there is any discrepancy in the items presented by Jun, I am willing to sit back.Fu Qi Jun Jian.

He Jun would like to present August [-]rd
From He Jun's letter, we can see that this letter is not only written in detail, but also reveals a spirit of daring to be responsible between the lines, "If there is any discrepancy, I will sit back." This is enough to show that it has indeed happened. It is said that Yupeng guarded himself from stealing.After the fact that Dongling was stolen was fully confirmed, Heng Liangsheng immediately went to sue Zaiying and others of the royal family.Zaiying, Zaize, Pu and Baoxi discussed the contingency strategy overnight, and finally decided to report to the Beiping Garrison Headquarters for severe punishment of the robbers, and at the same time send a letter to Chen Baochen, a survivor of the Qing Dynasty, asking him to live on his behalf. Puyi, the deposed emperor of Tianjin, reported.

Zaiying and others came to the Beiping Garrison Headquarters, and with extreme grief, told the chief of staff Zhu Shouguang about the tragedy of Dongling being stolen.Zhu Shouguang was taken aback, and hurriedly reported the situation to Yan Xishan, Commander-in-Chief of the Pingjin Garrison.Yan Xishan broke out in a cold sweat, and decided to call an emergency meeting immediately to make various contingency measures as quickly as possible.

The meeting finally decided: Su Dian asked Fu Zuoyi, the commander of the Tianjin garrison, to send a battalion of troops to Dongling to guard Dongling, and then send more troops according to the situation; temporarily block the news from the press, and make disclosures depending on the situation; The gendarmerie blocked all traffic arteries in Pingjin and checked suspicious passers-by in detail.At the same time, notify all police stations, customs and checkpoints across the country to keep a close watch on suspicious criminals and suspicious property, and if there are clues, immediately detain them and conduct detailed interrogation.Especially in the jewelry markets, gold and silver shops, banks, and banks in Pingjin and Tianjin, spies, plainclothes police, and a large number of military police should be assigned to conduct secret investigations. After the Taoist order was issued, the military and police all over the country took action one after another.Gendarmerie, spies, and plainclothes police are scattered in every corner like hunting dogs, and an invisible giant net is quietly opened, only waiting for the arrival of the casters.

On August 8, Chen Baochen, a relic of the Manchu Qing Dynasty, came to Tianjin Zhangyuan to report to Puyi with the letter of Zaiying and others in his arms.As soon as Puyi heard that Dongling was stolen, he immediately felt a clap of thunder above his head, his head burst open suddenly, his eyes went dark, his body shook twice on the dragon chair, then he fell headlong to the ground, foaming at the mouth , I don't know about the personnel... After the officials shook him repeatedly, pinched him again, poured cold water on him, and frantically tossed about for a while, he finally woke him up and helped him sit on a chair again.Puyi yelled "The ancestors of the Qing Dynasty..." and burst into tears, choking with sobs.It took a long time for Puyi to wake up from the great grief.He stood up slowly, looked at the survivors, slaves, and the white-haired, tearful Chen Baochen with dull eyes and confusion, and asked in a trembling voice: "Tell me, what's going on? Tell me!"

"I heard that it was done by Sun Kuiyuan, the commander of the [-]th Army of the National Revolutionary Army. In the name of suppressing bandits, they used explosives to blow up the underground palace of the ancestral mausoleum and looted all the buried treasures. ..." Before Chen Baochen could finish speaking, Puyi raised his hand and grabbed a jade tea bowl on the table beside him, and smashed it to pieces with a "slap".Then he stood up suddenly, his eyes were bloodshot, his teeth were clenched, and he squeezed out a few words from the corner of his mouth in a stern voice: "Sun Kuiyuan, this feud is irreconcilable, and I swear against you!" After finishing speaking, he couldn't help but Let out a cry of grief and howl...

After a long time, with the persuasion of the survivors, concubines, and family members, Pu Yi stopped his grief and began to consider the solution.In addition to deciding to immediately set up a memorial service in Zhangyuan, at the same time, he also called the clan members of the Peking royal family and the remaining officials of the Qing Dynasty to come to Tianjin immediately to discuss the aftermath.

At noon on August 8, the old and old ministers of the Manchu and Qing Dynasties in Peiping rushed to Tianjin Zhangyuan to meet Puyi one after another.With a look of grief on his face, Puyi led the survivors to the temporarily established "Fengxian Hall" to pay homage to the spiritual seats of Qianlong and Cixi.Then, an "imperial meeting" was held in the octagonal building of Zhang Yuan, and three countermeasures were appointed:
First, in the name of the abdicated royal family and the elders of the whole country, filed a complaint against Sun Dianying, the commander of the Twelfth Army, to the Nationalist Government, demanding severe punishment for the leader who stole the mausoleum;
Second, electrify the old and old ministers across the country to collect donations and collect the cost of repairing the mausoleum. Before the repairs, send Qi (qí) Shoumin, Bao Ruichen, Chen Yizhong, Xu Rongsheng and other relics to Dongling to investigate and handle everything Aftermath.At the same time, Zaize, the Duke of Zhen, and Pu Gong, the son of Gushan Bei, were appointed to make sacrifices, and Pu Tong (dòng), the general of Zhen, and Heng Xu, the Duke of Fu, were sent to accompany the salute;

Thirdly, set up an incense table and sacrificial table in Zhangyuan, burn incense and salute, three times a day until the mausoleum is restored.

The Holy Patriarch Jingling was catastrophe

Kangxi, a great emperor, had infinite glory during his lifetime and made indelible contributions to the prosperity and development of China at that time.If it is said that Kangxi is one of the most meritorious emperors in the ancient history of our country, no one may raise objections.He ascended the throne at the age of 8 and has been in power for 60 years.Kangxi was eager to learn, sensitive to seeking, and diligent in political affairs.In the military, Zeng Zhi captured Oboi, wiped out San Francisco, and recovered Taiwan.He also sent troops to repel the Tsarist Russian invading army entrenched in Yaksa City in the Heilongjiang River Basin of our country, curbing Tsarist Russia's aggressive ambitions.He personally set out to quell the rebellion of ethnic minorities in the border areas.Economically, he built water conservancy, managed the Yellow River, encouraged land reclamation, paid light taxes, and loved the people like his son.Thanks to his literary and martial arts, the multi-ethnic unity of the Chinese Empire has been consolidated and developed.It was from Kangxi that the Qing Dynasty officially entered an era of prosperity, and it was the beginning of the "Kang-Qian Prosperous Age" widely praised by later generations.Not only that, he himself is also versatile, and has researched in astronomy, geography, poetry, poetry, calligraphy and arithmetic.

However, the tomb robbers, driven by profit, did not take into account Emperor Kangxi's great achievements for the country and nation and let his mausoleum go.At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the Eastern Tomb of the Qing Dynasty where the Jingling Mausoleum of Emperor Kangxi was located was often harassed by thieves. In 1900, when the Eight-Power Allied Forces attacked Beijing, they looted everywhere. The Qing Dongling Tomb, the royal cemetery where five emperors were buried, naturally attracted their greedy eyes and became the key target of their robbery.We also mentioned in the previous article that Yu Peng, the minister in charge of guarding the mausoleum, also took the opportunity to guard and steal, and a large number of treasures hidden in Dongling Mausoleum began to appear in the antique and jewelry markets in Hebei.The tomb robbers looted all the valuables on the ground of Dongling, and even the tens of thousands of pines and cypresses in the tomb were cut down.

In 1926, during the war between the Zhifeng warlords, Zhang Zongchang, a warlord of the Feng dynasty, led his troops to occupy the Eastern Tomb of the Qing Dynasty, looted it wantonly, and brought back the treasures in the sacrificial buildings on the ground.

In 1928, the Eastern Tomb of the Qing Dynasty was destroyed. The warlord Sun Dianying staged a major tomb robbery case that shocked the world.In Sun Dianying's tomb robbery plan, Emperor Kangxi's Jingling Mausoleum was originally included in the robbery list, but because the Jingling underground palace had a lot of water, the bandit soldiers could not enter and gave up.

Although Sun Dianying did not succeed, Jing Ling did not escape the catastrophe.The gate of this grand mausoleum of Qing Dynasty emperors was finally opened.

Jingling Mausoleum is adjacent to Changrui Mountain in the north, and the architectural layout from south to north is as follows: Shengde Shengong Stele Pavilion, Five-hole Arch Bridge, Wangzhu, Stone Statue, Dismounting Stele, Divine Kitchen Storehouse, Archway Gate, Shinto Stele Pavilion, Erzhu Gate, Platform Shiwugong, Fangcheng, Minglou, Baocheng, Baoding, under the Baoding is the underground palace.The total area of ​​the cemetery is 174057 square meters.These large and small buildings run through a 9.70-meter-wide sacred road to form a complete sequence. The south of the sacred road connects with the Xiaoling sacred road, and the north end goes directly to Baocheng.

Those buried in Jingling Mausoleum with Emperor Kangxi are: Empress Xiaochengren's Hesheli family (the granddaughter of the assistant minister Sony, the birth mother of the abolished prince, died of dystocia in the 13th year of Kangxi at the age of 22), and the Niuhulu family of Empress Xiaozhaoren (the daughter of Ye Bilong, the assistant minister, died in the 17th year of Kangxi), Tong Jiashi (the daughter of Tong Guowei, the daughter of Tong Guowei, who died of illness in the 28th year of Kangxi, and was established as the queen the day before her death), Wu Yashi, the empress of Xiaogongren (Emperor Yongzheng Birth mother, Concubine De in Kangxi, empress dowager, died in the first year of Yongzheng), imperial concubine Zhang Jiashi of Jingmin (the birth mother of Prince Yinxiang, the thirteenth son of the emperor, was Concubine Min in Kangxi, died in 38 years of Kangxi, and was buried in Jingling Concubine's bedroom, in the first year of Yongzheng, she was conferred the title of imperial concubine, and was buried in Jingling).

Jingling Mausoleum is the second emperor's mausoleum built within the boundaries of Dongling Mausoleum during the Qing and Five Dynasties. Its architectural scale is slightly inferior to Xiaoling Mausoleum. The architectural scale is generally based on Xiaoling Mausoleum, but it has been partially modified.For example, there are double steles in the stele pavilion of Shengde and Shengong; the number of stone statues has been reduced to 5 pairs;Jingling also made major changes in the burial system, creating the system of burying the queen first, followed by the empress and noble concubines; in addition, it also abandoned the tradition of cremation and burial of the corpse and changed it to burial.Most of Jingling's architectural style and funeral form were imitated by later generations, which played a link between the past and the future.

The Stele Pavilion of Shengshengong in the imperial mausoleum of the Qing Dynasty was built by Emperor Si to honor the achievements of the first emperor in his life.According to the wish of Emperor Yongzheng, two stone tablets were erected in the pavilion, engraved with Manchu and Chinese characters respectively, to record the illustrious merits of Emperor Kangxi for more than 1725 years.The inscription was written by Emperor Yongzheng himself, with a length of more than 1727 characters.

The arrangement of stone statues in Jingling Mausoleum is different from that of all imperial mausoleums in the Qing Dynasty. The sacred road from Wukong Bridge to Pailoumen has a curved ring due to the influence of terrain, and cannot be arranged symmetrically like other mausoleums. Therefore, the architectural design at that time The personnel set up according to the direction of the gods, changing measures and bending along with the song. Changing its rigid mode, it presents a flexible and changeable effect, which reflects the wisdom and ingenuity of the people at that time.

In 1674, Emperor Kangxi's first empress, Empress Xiaochengren, passed away, and the construction of Emperor Kangxi's mausoleum started. In 1676, Jingling officially broke ground and completed in 13 years.

Although the scale of Jingling Mausoleum is smaller than that of Xiaoling Mausoleum of Emperor Shunzhi and Yuling Mausoleum of Emperor Qianlong, it plays a linking role in terms of construction style and regulation.Emperor Kangxi was the first emperor in the Qing Dynasty to practice earth burial. Both the shape of the tomb and the auxiliary buildings on the ground imitated the mausoleums of the Han emperors in the Central Plains.He not only consolidated the Manchu Qing government, brought the infinite lands of the Central Plains into the Qing Dynasty's rule, but also closely integrated the Manchu and Han cultures.

However, in the eyes of tomb robbers, no matter how prominent their status and achievements during their lifetime, the funerary objects in the tomb are the direct cause of their robbery.They don't let go of someone's tomb just because they have made a great contribution to the development of society.In the eyes of tomb robbers, stealing treasure is the first.

Late at night on September 1945, 9.Under the dark night, dark clouds merged and stars disappeared.Wang Shaoyi's team assembled at the Eastern Tomb of the Qing Dynasty.

Because the theft of Huiling had attracted the attention of the local garrison, Wang Shaoyi was more cautious in stealing Jingling.Wang Shaoyi can be regarded as an old fox, even more cunning than a fox.In order to ensure that the tomb robbery can be carried out smoothly without being stopped by the local garrison, he came up with a way to cover people's eyes and ears.After careful planning, Wang Shaoyi divided the Pirates team into two groups.He sent a team to blast and quarry stones in the west of the Eastern Tomb of the Qing Dynasty.This quarry is not simple, almost more advanced than any quarry at that time, using explosives.However, after bursts of earth-shattering explosions, no one was seen quarrying.These explosions are just to attract people's attention, so as to cover up the robbery of Huiling, which is far away from the quarry.Wang Shaoyi personally led another group of people to rob the tomb in Huiling.In order to keep secret, he also designed some secret codes for tomb robbery, such as calling the tomb robbery "digging gold", mobilizing the militia called "training", calling it "sky high" on a sunny day, "bright road" on a dark day, and "lituo" when doing it. .In this way, with the help of Zhang Jinzhong and others, Wang Shaoyi took advantage of the ignorance of the local people, so that people who did not know the truth joined the ranks of tomb robbers.Wang Shaoyi even launched a pre-war mobilization for the unsuspecting common people.

"People, the ancient emperors were big landlords who oppressed our people. Not only did they enjoy the glory and wealth during their lifetime, but they also wanted to enjoy it forever after death. In order to achieve their shameless goals, after death Countless gold, silver and jewels were buried with them. Those gold, silver and jewels were collected from us ordinary people. Today we will return all the hard-earned things of our ancestors." He actually made up such a set Fallacies and heresies confuse the people.

When Wang Shaoyi mobilized before the battle, his men had already arranged explosives around Jingling, ready to launch an "attack" on Jingling at any time.Wang Shaoyi gave an order, and the top of Jingling was scattered in all directions amidst the sound of a huge explosion.Their method of robbing the tomb is very simple. It only takes a few explosions to completely open the entrance of the underground palace.After the sound of the explosion, the common people took various tools to dig up the gravel, revealing the deep entrance of the underground palace.With the experience of stealing Huiling, Wang Shaoyi ordered the people to wait outside and not to enter, and he took his own people into the underground palace.

After lighting the torch, Wang Shaoyi saw six coffins neatly placed on the treasure bed in the underground palace, which belonged to Kangxi and his queens and concubines.He guessed that the largest and most exquisite coffin must belong to Kangxi, so he decided to open this coffin first.After chopping with an ax and sawing, Kangxi's coffin was opened.The two surrounded the coffin and leaned down, wanting to see what happened.Suddenly, there was a bang, and a raging fire burst out from under the coffin lid.The two were caught off guard, and were burned face to face by the gunpowder and fire, and the screams were endless.

Wang Shaoyi quickly regained his composure after the momentary shock and terror passed.He rushed forward, fired an unknown fire at the two who were screaming, and kicked each of them, and then ordered to continue opening the coffin.

With the opening of the coffin lid, a beam of dazzling light shot out from the coffin, and the whole underground palace was as bright as day.

I saw that the inner and outer coffins were filled with all kinds of treasures, including agate, coral, gold-encrusted gemstones, emerald rings, red gold snuff bottles, beaded and jade-carved hat flowers, asan, Taiping chariot, ruyi, flower branches, pendants, earrings, etc. Digs, emeralds, desk lamps, luminous cups...

(End of this chapter)