Shadow of the Tomb Raider: A Complete Record of the History of Tomb Raiders in China

Chapter 72 The Shocking Humiliation of Corpses in the History of Tomb Raiders in China (1)
Wu Zixu flogged his corpse to avenge his shame

In the history of tomb robbery in China, there are many tomb robbers who robbed tombs not to steal the finances in the tombs, but to avenge their shame. The most famous one is Wu Zixu's exhumation and flogging of corpses to vent his personal anger.

Wu Zixu (? ~ 484 BC), a doctor, military strategist, and strategist in the state of Wu in the late Spring and Autumn Period.Mingyuan (yún), styled Zixu, was born in the state of Chu in the Spring and Autumn Period.One is said to be a native of Jianli County today, and there is a statue of him outside the main station of the county seat.The other said that he was born in Shenwan (formerly Guanghuafu Village, which was assigned to Gucheng in 1949) in Lengji District, Gucheng, Xiangfan City. He was granted the title of Shendi, so he was also called Shenxu.Wu Zixu's father was named Wu She, and Wu Zixu's elder brother was named Wu Shang. "Wu Zixu: The Strange Battle Saint" states: Wu Zixu is the founder of Gusu City.His grandfather's name was Wu Ju, and he was famous because he was upright and admonishing when he served King Zhuang of Chu, so his descendants were very famous in Chu State.

Wu Zixu is one of the characters with more ink in Chinese history books, and he was originally a historical celebrity.From the perspective of China's cultural history of tomb robbery, he is also a heavyweight.Not to mention digging up other people's tombs, but also holding a whip and venting on the corpses, he can be called the most vicious gravedigger.

Wu Zixu became a well-known robber in Chinese history because of his hatred with King Ping of Chu before he left Wu.

"Zuo Zhuan" records that in 522 BC (the 23rd year of King Jing of Zhou), King Ping of Chu suspected that the prince "diplomatic princes would enter chaos", so he got angry with the prince Tai Fu Wushe and deceived his father and brother to Ying. They were all killed, and Wu Zixu fled to Wu alone.He vowed to bring down the state of Chu in order to avenge his hatred.

Before Wu Zixu entered Wu, he followed the prince of Chu to Qi.Then he went to the state of Zheng.Prince Jian had an affair with the King of Jin.Wu Zixu persuaded Jian to be the internal response of the state of Jin to attack the state of Zheng, and the state of Zheng treated them with loyalty. How could they betray the state of Zheng?But Prince Jian said that he had made an agreement with the state of Jin.He didn't listen to Wu Zixu's persuasion, and when Zheng Guo found out about it, the king of Zheng Guo killed Prince Jian.Wu Zixu fled to the state of Wu.After leaving the capital of Zheng State, there is a river after Zhaoguan.Seeing that there was no boat, Wu Zixu was very anxious, so he suddenly got out of a fishing boat and crossed Wu Zixu.After getting off the boat, Wu Zixu was afraid that he would tell the story, so he told the fisherman not to tell the story.The fisherman was very sad, he wanted him to cross Wu Zixu sincerely, but Wu Zixu still doubted him, he respected Wu Zixu very much, and didn't complain about him, so the fisherman slipped the boat into the middle of the river and sank himself, to avoid Wu Zixu's suspicion.Wu Zixu burst into tears when he saw it, saying that he had killed the fisherman.But some books say that the fisherman is not dead.Later, when Wu Zixu wanted to destroy Zheng Guo to avenge Prince Jian, the fisherman's son sang a song.It was the old fisherman who sang it to Wu Zixu. Wu Zixu remembered that his benefactor had gone back in Zheng Guo.

In 506 BC, after Sun Wu conquered the city of Chu and fulfilled King Wu's status as the "Five Overlords of the Spring and Autumn Period", Wu Zixu also found the opportunity to kill his father and brother.

The first thing Wu Zixu did when he returned to Yingdu of Chu State was to send people to find out where the tomb of King Chuping was.I don't know whether it was because Zhan Luan couldn't find anyone who knew the inside, or because King Ping of Chu had anticipated it and adopted secrecy measures, the cemetery was hard to find for a while.This made Wu Zixu feel very bad.Just when he was restless and restless, his subordinates reported that an old man volunteered to say that he knew the exact location of King Chuping's tomb.But the old man left after speaking, so he only knew that the general location was Liaotai Lake outside the east gate, but the specific location was unknown.

"After Wu Zixu listened to the soldiers' report, he brought a team of more than 20 people to Liaotai Lake outside the east gate of Ying. He saw a piece of decaying grass on the plain of Liaotai Lake, and the lake was full of water. Where is the grave? , but there is no trace of it. Wu Zixu is very anxious, but the lake is dozens of miles away, how to find it?

In a blink of an eye, it was going to be dark, but Wu Zixu and his men still found nothing.Seeing the fatigued faces of the soldiers, Wu Zixu couldn't help feeling disheartened.I am going to look for another hour. If there is no news, I will withdraw my troops first and come back tomorrow to continue searching.Wu Zixu swore secretly in his heart that he would find the tomb of King Chu Ping to avenge his father and brother, even if he dug Liaotai Lake three feet into the ground, he would not hesitate.

Another hour passed, but Wu Zixu still couldn't find him.But for some reason, somewhere in the dark, he felt that today was his day of revenge.So he ordered the soldiers to take a rest by the lake.Just as Wu Zixu was sitting on the ground and lost in thought, an old man suddenly appeared in his line of sight.I saw that this person was five or sixty years old, with a thin body and bright eyes.Wu Zixu vaguely felt that this person was absolutely extraordinary and must have come to help him.So he hurriedly got up and went forward.

Wu Zixu's guess was right, the old man did know where King Chu Ping's tomb was buried.

Without waiting for Wu Zixu to speak, the old man led Wu Zixu and the soldiers to another direction.As he was walking, the old man stopped in a place where the grass grew.

"Here it is!" With the shout of the old man, the team stopped in front of a mound.This bald mound is not high or eye-catching, and it is covered with messy grass.

"Dig for me!" Following Wu Zixu's order, all the soldiers took out their tools and started digging. Under the scorching sun, the soldiers wielding their picks and shovels were sweating profusely in a short while.

After about an hour, a coffin finally broke through the ground.

Wu Zixu drew a sword from his waist and chopped it down. The originally extremely strong wood seemed vulnerable under the sword. Where the sword fell, sawdust flew around. After the seven swords fell, the coffin board was gone.

"Ah!" With everyone's exclamation, Wu Zixu couldn't help sighing to Tianchang. It turned out that there were only clothes and hats in the coffin, but the body of King Chu Ping was not there.

"Don't worry, this is a suspicious coffin. King Chu Ping is so cunning and cunning that he never forgot to deceive people until his death. It's really a shame. But you can deceive others, how can you deceive me. Don't worry, everyone, the real coffin is below." The old man's words gradually revealed the meaning of grief and indignation.

So everyone removed the empty coffin, and they saw the real coffin.After a lot of hacking, a corpse finally appeared in broad daylight.

Since the corpse had been buried for a while, it had begun to decompose, and its appearance was somewhat blurred.But Wu Zixu recognized at a glance that this was his sworn enemy: King Ping of Chu.

The so-called enemies are extremely jealous when they meet each other. Wu Zixu saw the corpse of King Chu Ping, years of resentment welled up in his heart, and he couldn't help being furious. He drew a nine-section copper whip from behind, pointed at the corpse, and started to whip wildly.

One, two, three... three hundred.Wu Zixu's anger has not subsided.He trampled on the corpse with his feet again, and at the same time asked loudly: "Who taught you to believe in slanderous words and kill my father and brother. You have today, and you have to blame yourself!"

After all this was done, Wu Zixu was completely powerless, and he knelt down on the ground with a thud. At this moment, tears were streaming down his face.

Wu Zixu, who had avenged his vengeance, remembered that he still didn't know the origin of the old man!So I chatted with the old man.It turned out that the old man and dozens of brothers were ordered to build a tomb for the king of Chu, but the king of Chu was afraid that his tomb would be discovered, so he unloaded the mill and killed the donkey.Those who built the mausoleum for half their lives for the king of Chu became ghosts under the sword of King Ping of Chu, and only the old man escaped by chance.Over the years, the old man has been thinking about how to avenge those brothers who died unjustly in those years. It is no coincidence that there is no book. Just when he was about to despair, Wu Zixu led his troops back to the state of Chu, so the old man knew that his vengeance could be avenged, so he volunteered to lead the way for Wu Zixu.It was only then that Wu Zixu realized that he and the old man were people with the same disease.

Excavating graves and whipping corpses is the pinnacle of punishment or revenge, but this method is too cruel. Even Sima Qian, who has always upheld justice, lamented that "resentment is too much for people".However, there are other legends about Wu Zixu whipping the corpse of King Ping of Chu, which is described in detail in "Wu Zixu Bianwen":
King Zhao abandoned the city and left, but was captured by Wu Xiang and returned to bind King Zhao. "Where is your father's tomb now?" King Zhao Qi Zixu said: "My father, King Ping, has been reincarnated, guilty of the king, and destined to die in Huangquan. What use is the corpse? Please be quick and let the ax go (axe). " King Zhao was tested, but he endured hardships and endured the pain, so he went to the tomb of Daofu.Zixu got Wei Ling, cut off his heart and liver, beheaded his whole body, and punished the nine clans.The son-in-law called Zhao and said: "My father was killed and thrown into the deep river." So he stopped the flow, obtained the bones of King Ping, and Wei Ling, Emperor Zhao, and the general took the heart and liver, and went to the river to sacrifice the spirit of his father and brother. "Son, son-in-law, you are deeply unfilial. Father and brother are punished and slaughtered in vain, so feel sorry for them! Compared with the fact that your power is not increased, so your years are wasted. Today, I still kill father and son, throw them into the deep river, and offer sacrifices to father and brother. Only God accepts it." Son-in-law sacrifice Crying loudly, feeling that the sun and the moon are dark... From the above, we can know that Wu Zixu knew the exact location of the tomb of King Chuping from the mouth of King Chuping's beloved son, King Chuzhao, and dug it. Whip corpse.

The empress of the Han Dynasty was raped and humiliated

Why are there so many "rape corpses" in the history of tomb robbery?In addition to the perversion of tomb robbers and the influence of traditional cultural factors that women are vulnerable to sexual assault, it is also directly related to the relatively higher proportion of female corpses than male corpses.It can be found from modern archaeological excavation reports that most of the intact corpses unearthed are women.

The behavior of "raping corpses" in tomb robbery generally does not occur on mummy bodies.Like the phenomenon of the resurrection of the dead, the behavior of adultery in the tomb is also surprising; unlike the phenomenon of the resurrection of the dead, the behavior of adultery actually exists objectively, and there is nothing unbelievable, let alone a mystery .

In the article "Six Rare "Corpse Humiliation" Incidents in the History of Tomb Robbery in China", one of the "corpse humiliation" incidents is the "rape of Lu's pheasant corpse" by the Red Eyebrow Army.This historical record appeared in the "Book of the Later Han Dynasty". The first biography in the "Biography" is Liu Xuan and Liu Penzi.Under the "Biography of Liu Penzi", the combat behavior of the Red Eyebrow Army, one of the peasant uprising troops in the late Western Han Dynasty, was described in detail, including this incident:
"Chimei was greedy for money and property, and came back to plunder. The city was devoured, so the treasures were collected, and the palace was set on fire, and the troops were led to the west. Passing the southern suburbs of the temple, the chariots, armored soldiers and horses were the most powerful, and the numbers were millions. Basin rides the king. The chariot drove three horses and rode from hundreds of people. It turned from Nanshan to plunder the city, and fought with Gengshi General Yan Chun in Mei, broke the spring, killed him, and then entered Anding and Beidi. To Yangcheng and Fanxuzhong, when there was heavy snow, The pits and valleys were full, and many scholars froze to death, but returned, excavated the mausoleums, took their treasures, and insulted the corpse of Empress Lu. All the thieves sent them, and those who were buried in jade boxes were as good as alive, so the red eyebrows were more obscene. .”

We can see from the above text that when the Red Eyebrow Army robbed and excavated the royal tombs of the Han Dynasty, the founding emperor Gaozu Liu Bang and the empress Lv Zhi were buried together in the Changling Mausoleum and did not escape the catastrophe.What is particularly tragic is that the empress Lv Zhi suffered a great humiliation, and her body was raped by the Red Eyebrow Army.Moreover, apart from Lu Zhi, the No. [-] woman in Tianzi, the Red Eyebrow Army could not let go of the bodies of other empresses and concubines who were exhumed in the emperor's mausoleum.These harem women who were only "lucky" by the emperor in those days must have died without expecting to be sexually assaulted by a group of peasants.

In the book, Fan Ye, the editor of "Book of the Later Han Dynasty", also explained the reasons for the red eyebrow army's obscenity. These women were dressed in golden jade clothes, and they were still alive after many years of death.Just imagine, these women who could enter the emperor's harem should have been exceptionally beautiful during their lifetime. No wonder those rebels who were surrounded by men all day long were like this.Of course, the actual reason cannot be a physiological motivation, and the psychology of humiliating the corpse should be very complicated.At that time, Lu Zhi was already 61 years old when he died, and his body should not be glamorous when he was alive. How beautiful would it be?What's more, it has been more than 200 years since the red eyebrow army robbed the tomb, so it should be ugly.Therefore, humiliating the corpse and venting hatred should be the direct motive.This incident happened 2000 years ago. It can be seen that the rape of corpses by Chinese tomb robbers still has a historical origin.

Some people may say that the records in the "Book of the Later Han Dynasty" may not be true, and you can know a little bit of the truth by contacting the reality of the year.Cannibalism should be the most impossible thing, but during the uprising of the Red Eyebrow Army, such things were quite common. "At that time, there was a great hunger in Sanfu, and people ate each other. The walls were empty, and the bones covered the fields. The survivors often gathered in camps to protect them, and they couldn't hold on. The red-browed captives plundered nothing. In December, they were led back to the east. xī) There are still more than [-] people, and they will disperse according to the way." When there is a famine, cannibalism can happen, and it is not surprising that the red-browed army "rapes corpses".

Volume 17 of "Sou Shen Ji" tells [-] stories related to tombs, one of which is about the fact that Feng Guiren's body remained unchanged for more than [-] years after his death: "Emperor Huan of the Han Dynasty, Feng Guiren, died of illness; During the emperor's time, there were thieves who made graves. For more than [-] years, the color remained the same, but the meat was cold. The group of thieves committed adultery together, until they fought and killed each other, and then they found out. Empress Dowager Dou's family was punished, and she wanted to eat with Feng Guiren Pi Chen Gongda; it is suggested that although the nobleman was lucky to the late emperor, the corpse is filthy and unsuitable for the Supreme Being, so the Empress Dowager Dou should serve as food."

Emperor Huan of the Han Dynasty (AD 132-AD 167) Liu Zhi, the tenth and third last emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty, was the great-grandson of Emperor Zhang of the Han Dynasty.The queen is the Dou family, and the relative Liang Ji was in charge at that time.In 146 AD, the nine-year-old Emperor Hanzhi was poisoned by his relative Liang Ji, and the 15-year-old Liu Zhi came to the throne.Liu Zhi has been dissatisfied with the Liang family since he was a child. After he came to the throne, he tried every means to kill the Liang family.In the second year of Yanxi (AD 159), Emperor Huan joined hands with eunuch Shan Chao and other 5 people to wipe out the Liang family in one fell swoop, and the 5 people were named Marquis on the same day, called "Five Marquis".The five princes were more corrupt than their relatives. They extorted and robbed the common people. The people were in dire straits and complained everywhere. Han politics became more decadent and the country became weaker and weaker.In the later period of Emperor Huan of the Han Dynasty, a group of Tai students saw the corruption of the government and asked the court to purge eunuchs and reform politics.The eunuch was furious, and in the tenth year of Yanxi (166 A.D.), a large-scale conflict occurred with Li Ying, the captain of Sili, who was popular all over the world.Emperor Huan was furious, and ordered the arrest of more than 200 Tai students who petitioned for Li Ying. Later, under the opposition of Tai Fu Chen Fan and General Dou Wu, the Tai students were released, but they were imprisoned for life and were not allowed to be officials. .

Liu Zhi died of illness at the age of 36 and was buried in Xuanling.After the death of Emperor Huan of the Han Dynasty, he was posthumously named Emperor Xiaohuan, and the temple name was Weizong.According to historical records, there were five to six thousand concubines in Liu Zhi's harem, and Feng Guiren was one of them.From the text of "Sou Shen Ji", we can know that the body of Feng Guiren, who has been dead for more than 6000 years, not only has the same color, but also has a little body temperature.When the corpse was raped, the tomb robbers scrambled to be the first, and because of the order, they fought each other and killed each other, which led to the tomb robbery.

The veracity of this story is worthy of scrutiny.The tomb thief "Fazhong (Tomb Robber)" was in the time of Emperor Ling of the Han Dynasty, who was called Liu Hong, who was the great-great-grandson of Emperor Zhang of the Han Dynasty Liu Da.Although Liu Zhi's harem is full of beauties, none of them gave birth to a son for him.Under such circumstances, the Dou family, who had been promoted to empress dowager, welcomed Liu Hong, the son of Duting Hou Liu Chang (cháng), to the throne in 168 AD.Liu Hong was only 13 years old at the time, and Empress Dowager Dou learned from Lu Zhi to "listen to the court".Liu Hong also served as emperor for 22 years and died in 189 AD.If Feng Gui's tomb had been buried for more than 119 years when it was stolen, then she died of illness at least before [-] AD.At this time, Liu Zhi hadn't become emperor, and he hadn't even been born yet, so it can be seen that the storyline of "Sou Shen Ji" is really absurd.

However, although there are problems with the presentation of the story, the rape of Feng Guiren's body should have existed, and it is recorded in history books. "Zi Zhi Tong Jian" Volume 172 "Han Ji · Emperor Xiaoling" records that in June of the first year of Xiping (AD [-]), Empress Dowager Dou died of illness.Because the Dou family was convicted and punished, the court discussed the burial specifications of the Empress Dowager Dou.Some people want to bury it as a nobleman, and match it with Feng Guiren (buried in the same mausoleum area), but it is not suitable to be buried with Emperor Huan Liu Zhi as the Queen Mother.Ting Wei Chen Qiu expressed strong opposition, one of the reasons was that Feng Guiren's tomb had been robbed and his soul had been "polluted".The original text is, "Feng Guiren's tomb was excavated, his bones were exposed, he was buried with a thief, his soul was polluted, and he did nothing to the country, so why should he be worthy of the Supreme!" What does "soul pollution" mean? Is it just because "the bones are exposed , dead with the thief"?The implication is obvious, Feng Guiren was humiliated by tomb robbers.

From the perspective of human sexual psychology, necrophilia does exist objectively and is caused by sexual perversion, so it should be a kind of "necrophilia".Many sexologists regard the records of rape corpses in the history of tomb robbery as evidence of human sexual perversion.For example, Professor Liu Dalin, the No. 1 sex museum in China, once cited and analyzed such texts in ancient Chinese books as a special case of his research on "sexual perversion".

There is such a record in "Guang Yi Ji" written by Dai Fu in the Tang Dynasty:
"At the beginning of Kaiyuan, Concubine Hua was favored, and she gave birth to King Cong of Qing; she died and was buried in Chang'an. In the 28th year, some robbers wanted to find the concubine's tomb, so they built a large tomb more than a hundred steps outside the tomb. Diving inside through the tunnel, leading directly to the middle of the tomb, dissecting the coffin, the concubine's face is lifelike, and her limbs can be bent and stretched. The robbers and others abused them wantonly, and still amputated their wrists to take the golden bracelet, and removed their tongue. Fearing dreams, they stood on their side. And put a candle in the shadows..."

"Qi Dong Ye Yu" written by Zhou Mi in the Song Dynasty: "During the Jiaxi period of the Song Dynasty, Zhou Mi was closely related to Zhao Yixing. Before Yixing, a certain daughter-in-law had a special look, and she died when she was young. Under the red plum tree in front of Zhai in Gaobu County, Zhao "decreed Hair... the color is as raw as life, although it is adorned with clothes and quilts, it is slightly damaged, it is really the color of the country.Zhao Jianzhi was bewildered and fascinated by it, and carried (yú) the corpse to the secret room, and borrowed it, and his four bodies were also soft, which was unusual in comparison with zombies, so he met him every night; The family of prostitutes took advantage of the cave wall to take and burn them, so that they died of illness, which is also different.I have seen stories in novels where monks stole a woman’s corpse and placed it on a wall for private use. Later, when the family learned about it, they filed a lawsuit against the government. Every time there was no reason for it, this is the witness of an old relative. delusional. "

(End of this chapter)