Shadow of the Tomb Raider: A Complete Record of the History of Tomb Raiders in China

Chapter 8 The Mystery of Site Selection for "Feng Shui Treasure Land": Tomb Robbery and Feng Shui (3)
In the second entrance to the courtyard, there is a palace gate in front of it, which is called the Yan'en gate.According to "Taichang Continued Kao" and other documents, the mausoleum hall of Tianshou Mountain is called "Zhen En Hall", and the gate of the hall is called "Zi En Gate". zǒng) Qinyi Jiaming.Among them, the word "祾" means "sacrificing and receiving blessings", and the word "en" means "the kindness of Wangji". m), two rooms deep (17 meters deep), and the top of the main ridge is 1538 meters above the ground.The bucket arches under the eaves are single-curved, heavy-lifted and seven-stepped, and the back and tail of the flat-body arched bucket arches are in the shape of a slanted rod, which is different from the Song and Qing Dynasties.There is a board door in the open room and the secondary room in the room, and a wall is used to seal the room slightly.Among them, there is a Chinese belt-style banner on the board door in the Ming Dynasty, and the three gold characters of "Zhen Enmen" are written on it. The word "Leng" was mistakenly written when it was repaired by later generations.Under the door is a xumizuo-style platform surrounded by dry white jade railings.The shape of the railings is a pillar carved with dragons and phoenixes, a vase, and three cloud-shaped railings.At the four corners of the platform base and under the pillars of each railing, there are stone-carved dragon heads (dragon heads) for drainage.There are three stepping steps at the front and back of the platform.Among them, the bas-relief patterns carved on the imperial road stone between the steps of the road are very exquisite: below is the sea water, river teeth and clouds surging, the treasure mountain stands tall in the sea water, and two seahorses leap out of the water and gallop in the waves; Flying up and down in the sea of ​​clouds, chasing the fire beads, presenting a majestic and majestic scene.

There is also a Yemen on both sides of the Enmen Gate, all of which are wall-mounted glazed flower gates. The bucket arches, architraves, tile decorations and rafters on the top of the gates are all assembled with yellow and green glazed parts, which are set against the red wall. The bottom is very clear.In the courtyard, there is a tall and majestic Yan'en Hall in the middle of the north.During the Ming and Qing dynasties, this hall was used to enshrine the gods (tablets) of emperors and empresses and hold sacrificial activities on the mausoleum.

The gate of the third deep courtyard is the Lingxing gate, inside the gate there are two pillar archways and Shi Jiyan. "Houyuan" refers to the tomb of Emperor Yongle, which consists of Baocheng, Baoshan, Fangcheng and Minglou.Baocheng is shaped like a round castle, the earthen hill surrounded by Baocheng is Baoshan, and the lower part of Baoshan is Xuangong.Fangcheng is built right in front of Baocheng, and above Fangcheng is a Minglou with double eaves on the top of Xieshan Mountain.Minglou is the symbol of each mausoleum, and it is also the tallest building on the central axis of each mausoleum. The original stele was engraved with Zhu Di's original temple name "Taizong". It's just inlaid on Chengzu's stone tablet with wood carvings.Inside the Ming Building stands the "Sacred Name Stele" whose head is "Da Ming", and the seven characters "Tomb of Emperor Cheng Zuwen" engraved on it.Changling Mausoleum also has East and West Wells under its jurisdiction.Dongjing is in the south of Mantou Mountain in Deling, and Xijing is in the northwest of Dingling. In the "well" are buried palace concubines who were bestowed to death.

Zhu Di, the founder of the Ming Dynasty, believed in Fengshui phrenology. Before he made up his mind to "calm the disaster", counselor Yao Guangxiao (Dao Yan) persuaded Zhu Di to rebel, but Zhu Di hesitated.Yao Guangxiao introduced to Zhu Di Yuan Gong, a great geomancer in the late Yuan and early Ming Dynasties: "Daoyan (Yao Guangxiao) secretly persuaded Chengzu to raise his troops. Chengzu said: 'The people's hearts are towards him, so what can I do?' Daoyan said: 'I know the way of heaven, so what should I say? The hearts of the people.' It is to enter Yuan Gong and Jin Zhong, the divination. So Chengzu decided to choose generals, recruit soldiers, and recruit talents with brave talents." After Ming Chengzu Zhu Di ousted Emperor Jianwen, his gang His staff persuaded him to establish his capital in Beijing: "Fuwei Beijing is the holy land of Longxing, with Juyong in the north, Taihang in the west, mountains and seas in the east, overlooking the Central Plains, thousands of miles of fertile fields, and the situation of mountains and rivers is enough to control the world of barbarians. the capital of all ages".Zhu Di listened to the counselor's words, so he moved his capital to Beijing.

The reason why Emperor Yongle chose the current Tianshou Mountain also went through many twists and turns. After the "Battle of Jingnan", Zhu Di proclaimed himself emperor in Nanjing. At that time, he had decided to move his capital to Beijing in order to consolidate his regime.In the fifth year of Yongle, that is, in 1407, Zhu Di's Empress Xu passed away. At that time, in order to express his determination to move the capital to Beijing, Zhu Di sent the Minister of Rites and Feng Shui master Liao Junqing to Beijing to choose "Auspicious Land".It is said that several places were chosen.The first choice was the Tu family camp outside the mouth, but because the emperor's surname was Zhu, which had the same pronunciation as "pig", and "tu" meant slaughter, and a pig would surely die if it entered the Tu family, so it could not be used if it violated the taboo.The other place was chosen at the foot of Yangshan Mountain in the southwest of Changping. Pigs and sheep could live in harmony, but there is a village called "Langeryu" behind the mountain, and wolves beside pigs are more dangerous and cannot be used.Later, I chose Yanjiatai in the west of Beijing, but "Yanjia" and "Yanjia" are homophonic, which is not auspicious.Because the death of an ancient emperor was not only called "Jiabeng", but also "Yanjia".Although the landscape of Tanzhe Temple is good, the mountains are deep and narrow, which is not conducive to the development of future generations and should not be used.Later came to the current Tianshou Mountain.Tianshou Mountain was called Huangtu Mountain at that time. After Emperor Yongle inspected it personally, he was very satisfied.This year is also his fiftieth birthday, so Huangtu Mountain is named "Tianshou Mountain".From the beginning of the construction of Changling in the seventh year of Yongle (1409) to the burial of the last emperor of the Ming Dynasty, Chongzhen, in Siling, the construction of the Ming Tombs has lasted more than 230 years without interruption.

Ming Ding Mausoleum

Among the "Thirteen Tombs" of the Ming Dynasty, there are three tombs with relatively large regulations: one is the Changling Tomb of Ming Chengzu Zhu Di; the second is the Yongling Tomb of Emperor Sejong Zhu Houcong;Dingling Mausoleum is located at the eastern foot of Dayu Mountain. It is the joint burial mausoleum of Zhu Yijun, the 13th emperor of the Ming Dynasty (AD 1563-1620) and his two empresses. It is the No.13 emperor of the Ming Dynasty, Emperor Wanli Zhu Yijun and two empresses Xiaorui and Xiaojing.The Fengguan Dingling unearthed from the Dingling Mausoleum of the Ming Dynasty is the tomb of the Wanli Emperor Zhu Yijun and his two empresses.Built from 1584 to 1590, it covers an area of ​​18 square meters.The stone table under the eaves of the Ming Tower is engraved with the word "Dingling", and the four corners and steps are all made of huge stones."Da Ming" and "Tomb of Emperor Shenzongxian" are engraved on the stone tablet in the Ming Tower.Right behind the Ming Tower is the main body of the mausoleum - the underground palace.

The Dingling Underground Palace is currently the only underground palace that has been developed in the Ming Tombs. It is the first emperor's tomb that was planned to be excavated after the founding of the People's Republic of China.The underground palace of Dingling Mausoleum is 27 meters underground. It is large in scale and consists of five stone chambers.The Mausoleum Palace on the ground consists of Baocheng, Minglou, Yan'en Hall (7 rooms with double eaves), Yan'en Gate (5 rooms), left and right corridors (7 rooms each), and sacrifice pavilions inside and outside Wailuo City, God's Kitchen, God's Storehouse, Composed of stele pavilions, it covers an area of ​​about 18 square meters.More than 3000 cultural relics of various types were unearthed in the underground palace, including four national treasures: the golden crown, the phoenix crown, the night pearl and the bright tricolor.

The underground palace in Dingling is all made of stone, mostly bluestone, with an area of ​​1195 square meters.There is no beam frame inside, it is a stone arch coupon, which is quite tall.There are seven 7-ton white marble gates in the underground palace, which are ingeniously designed and flexible in opening and closing.The underground palace is divided into the main hall, side hall, and front hall, which are exactly the same as the buildings on the ground.The sacrificial utensils are displayed in the nave in its original state. There are three white marble seats, and in front of each seat there is a set of five offerings of yellow glaze and a large blue and white porcelain vat.The coffins of Zhu Yijun and two empresses are placed on the coffin beds in the apse, and 4 red-lacquered wooden boxes full of funerary objects are placed beside the coffins.

On July 48, the 1620th year of Wanli (21), Shenzong Zhu Yijun died of illness and was buried in Dingling in October. More than 300 years later, his tomb Dingling was excavated. In 1958, under the command of Xia Nai, a master of archaeology, Shenzong's Zigong (coffin) was opened.Under the thick dragon robe, hidden the bones of Shenzong.The conclusion after the recovery of the bones is: "The upper part of the body of Emperor Wanli was hunchbacked. Measured from the skeleton, the length from the top of the head to the left foot is 1.64 meters." On the afternoon of August 1966, 8, the bones of Shenzong, the "chief of the landlord class" were smashed to pieces. , Incineration.The hunchbacked emperor who had ruled China for 24 years finally disappeared in a wisp of smoke.The Dingling Mausoleum was excavated more than 48 years later. There is also a saying that Fengshui is not good. When the site was chosen to build the Mausoleum, there were ominous omens, which foreshadowed a catastrophe in the future.

Ming Shenzong Zhu Yijun ascended the throne at the age of 10 and inherited the throne.Confused and fatuous, he likes to drink too much. He must drink every meal and get drunk every time he drinks. He often kills people after being drunk.At the beginning of his reign, Zhang Juzheng and other ministers were appointed to assist the government, and Zhang Juzheng's reform method was adopted to make the economy develop.However, after Zhang Juzheng's death, Wanli ignored the government for 30 years and searched for people's fat and anointment. He sent eunuchs to search for jewelry everywhere, and searched for people's wealth in the name of prospecting and mining, which caused public anger and complaints.The history books say: "The death of the Ming Dynasty died in Shenzong".

Throughout the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang paid special attention to "feng shui", and his descendants certainly carried forward this traditional virtue.Ming Shenzong was also an emperor who strongly believed in Fengshui. In the first month of the 11th year of Wanli (1583), Zhu Yijun, who was only 21 years old, took advantage of the opportunity of going to Tianshou Mountain for the Spring Festival and decided to choose the auspicious land for Wannian.It's just that Dingling's site selection was not the best place at the time, and it even caused great controversy, but in the end the current place was chosen.This in itself is a puzzling mystery.

In the second month of leap, Shenzong went to Tianshou Mountain in person, visited the Holy Relics Pavilion at Dongshankou, and returned to the capital soon.After Shenzong returned to Beijing, he was not very satisfied with the several auspicious places provided by Qin Tianjian. In August, he ordered Xu Wenbi, Duke Dingguo, Shen Shixing, a scholar, Zhang Hong, an eunuch, and officials from the Second Ministry of Li Gong to go to various places in Tianshou Mountain. examine.After seeing it, Xu and Shen thought that the original choice of auspicious places, Shimengou Mountain facing north, the direction is not suitable, and the hall is narrow, "it seems difficult to use".The main peak of Xinglong Mountain is towering, with overlapping peaks and ridges. The upper ridges are round and beautiful. The water moves around the mountains like snakes.In addition, dragons and tigers are heavily wrapped, water mouths are winding and closed, all mountains are arched, and many waters come to court. It is truly the most honorable place.Dayu Mountain is majestic and majestic, with many ups and downs, Mercury moves the dragon, Venus stands at the acupoint, four assistants on the left and right, looking around and around, the six beauty courts, the Mingtang is upright, and the sand and water are affectionate.These two places are "perfect and perfect, there is nothing to discuss".The positions of the rest of the places are uneven, and the sand and water are dumped, making it unusable.Therefore, it is suggested: use Xinglong Mountain, take the Xin direction of Yishan Mountain as the direction of the cemetery, slightly away from Maoyou two points; use Dayu Mountain, take the Yi direction of Xinshan Mountain, slightly away from Xuchen one point.The minister's opinion can only be used for the emperor's reference.On September 12th, Shenzong took the opportunity of the autumn festival to go to the mausoleum to inspect Xinglong Mountain and Dayu Mountain. He initially selected the site of the camp tomb as Dayu Mountain, but he had to consult his mother for a final decision.In September of the [-]th year of Wanli, Shenzong was ordered by the Holy Mother of the Two Palaces to lead his empress and concubine to sacrifice to the mountain tomb.Finally, Shenzong and the Holy Mother of the Two Palaces climbed to Dayu Mountain and decided to build a mausoleum there.At that time, Dayu Mountain was also called Xiaoyu Mountain, and Shenzong ordered it to be renamed Dayu Mountain, which had the same name as the mountain behind his father's mausoleum.

Although Dayu Mountain was considered by Ming Shenzong as "auspicious land for ten thousand years", there were ominous omens during the construction process.Dingling started construction on October 1584, 10, and 6 military and civilian laborers and bricklayers and masons directly entered the site for construction every day.After a year of intensive construction, the cemetery project has made considerable progress.But at this time, an accident occurred in the place where the coffin and inner coffin had been set by the feng shui master. A large stone was dug out, and there was no soil under the treasure bed, which seriously violated the taboo of feng shui.Some ministers proposed to re-select the address of the mausoleum, but what was surprising was that at that time Zhu Yijun, who was devoted to Buddhism and very superstitious, went against the norm and said that since the ancestral mausoleum was located in Tianshou Mountain, all future generations should be buried here.He also issued an edict to persuade the ministers to stop arguing, and the auspicious place for the Shou Palace is Dayu Mountain.Even so, Zhu Yijun took people to visit a few places secretly, but they were still not very ideal, so he completely gave up the idea of ​​relocating and building a longevity palace.However, during the six-year construction of the mausoleum, the official circles and folks have never stopped talking about the unlucky geomantic omen of Dingling Mausoleum.

According to historical records, in the 23rd year of Wanli, Dingling has been completed for five years. Liu Shiting, the eleventh grandson of Liu Bowen, the founder of the country and Fengshui master, still made a memorial to say: "The Dragon Cave of the Shou Palace in Dayu Mountain is not real."You must know that the Xiaoling Mausoleum built by Zhu Yuanzhang in Nanjing was the site chosen by Liu Bowen, and Liu Shiting's Feng Shui theory should be an ancestral technique.

Why did Ming Shenzong choose such an unlucky place to build a mausoleum?According to Ming Shenzong's own statement: since the ancestral tomb was predicted in Tianshou Mountain, the sons and grandchildren of the saints, who will live forever, should be buried in this mountain.This statement seems to be out of desperation, because the Changping area was delineated by Emperor Yongle, the second emperor of the Ming Dynasty, as the royal tomb area.But in fact, the Ming Dynasty has been threatened by foreign aggression since Ming Yingzong's "Tumu Fortress Change", and has always been on the defensive. The Mongols north of the Great Wall invaded the Ming Dynasty's frontier from time to time. Exception, during Ming Shizong's reign, he was threatened with war twice, and some ministers even proposed to move the capital from time to time.After the middle of the Ming Dynasty, Changping was also attacked by floods from time to time, and even the phenomenon of soaking the imperial mausoleum occurred.Why did Ming Shenzong choose this place in this precarious time?Some people speculated that Ming Shenzong stubbornly insisted on building a mausoleum in this place that the ministers thought was bad, and he deliberately opposed the ministers.In the early days of Shenzong, when Zhang Juzheng was in power for ten years, the national power increased, the contradictions eased, and the foreign troubles were not too serious.When Zhang Juzheng was in power, he was strict with Shenzong, and Shenzong also regarded Zhang Juzheng as an idol.After Ming Shenzong came to power, he discovered that Zhang Juzheng was also greedy for money and accepted bribes, and the lofty idols in his heart were disillusioned. According to the current psychology, he had a serious rebellious psychology and revenge psychology, so he completely rejected Zhang Juzheng's policies.At this time, the villains suppressed by Zhang Juzheng fell into trouble one after another.But Ming Shenzong himself is not a fool, but an extremely smart person. He saw through the ulterior motives of these ministers, and felt that all the ministers were serious on the surface, but in fact they were selfish. Loyal man.Extreme disappointment led Shenzong to go to extremes. In the next 30 years, Shenzong basically did not go to court to be a council member, which was the vent of this extreme disappointment.It is precisely because of this that Shenzong may have had no choice but to choose the site at the beginning, and later Shenzong also felt that it was not suitable, but the more objections raised by the ministers, the more he insisted. Extreme hatred is at work.But no matter what, it has become a historical mystery that Shenzong still chose to build his mausoleum in Dayu Mountain after the "significant" unlucky phenomenon occurred.

Dingling Mausoleum has indeed suffered many hardships in the following years. Because Zhu Yijun seized a large amount of people's fat and anointment, Dingling Mausoleum was "patronized" by tomb robbers many times. Not only that, Dingling Mausoleum was also burned many times in history.In the 17th year of Ming Chongzhen (1644), Li Zicheng's peasant righteous army invaded Changping, and most of the wooden buildings on the ground were burned down.In the same year, Qing soldiers entered the pass, and the cemetery was destroyed again.During the renovation from the 52th to the 1785nd year of Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty (1787-[-]), the Yan'en Gate and the Yan'en Hall were reduced and rebuilt, but they were burned again during the Republic of China.Among the buildings in the cemetery, only Baocheng, Minglou, Chongmen and Mausoleum have not been seriously damaged.

Judging from the controversy over Dingling's feng shui in the Wanli Dynasty, this place was indeed not selected well. What Shenzong "brought" to his descendants and the Ming Empire was a series of catastrophes.As soon as Shenzong, who had been in power for 48 years, stepped into the grave, his descendants died one by one.His son Ming Guangzong Zhu Changluo had only been on the throne for 28 days, and he died for no reason because of the "Hongwan case"; At a young age, he fell into the water and was scared to death; the last Emperor Chongzhen struggled for more than ten years, and the Ming Empire collapsed.At this time, it was only 24 years since Shenzong stepped into Dingling.

Spring water dug out of imperial mausoleum

Ming Tai Mausoleum, located at the southeast foot of Bijia Mountain, is also known as "Shijiatai" or "Shijia Mountain".

Ming Xiaozong Zhu Youtang, the third son of Emperor Xianzong, was born on July 1470rd in the sixth year of Chenghua (AD 11). He was established as the crown prince on November 1475th in the 23th year (AD 1487). The sixth day is the emperor's throne, and the next year it will be changed to Yuan Hongzhi.He died in Qianqing Palace on May 18th in the 1505th year of Hongzhi (AD 36) at the age of [-]. His posthumous posthumous posthumous title is "Datian Mingdao Pure Sincerity Zhongzheng Sage Wen Shenwu Zhiren Dade King Emperor".Tailing was buried on October [-]th.

Xiaozong was the only virtuous emperor who worked hard to govern in the middle of Ming Dynasty.After he came to the throne, he was diligent in governing the government, selected good officials, and was able to pay attention to frugality in life, not being too sensual, and sympathetic to the officials and the people.First of all, the eunuchs and ministers who were lucky were punished. The eunuch Liang Fang, his relative Wanxi and his followers were all punished.More than 2000 officials were eliminated; more than 240 Zen masters and real people were dismissed; 780 Buddhist disciples and national teachers were sent back to the mainland.And adjusted the cabinet team, dismissed Wan An, Yin Zhi and others who were ignorant and clinging to the bureaucrats.After he ascended the throne, because Emperor Xiaozong weakened the phenomenon of eunuchs’ chaotic governance, he took some measures to develop the economy and save the crisis, eased social conflicts, and a relatively stable period appeared, which was called "Hongzhi Zhongxing" in history. .

During Xiaozong's reign, he was diligent in governing the government and selected virtuous ministers. At that time, Xu Wei, Liu Jian, Li Dongyang, Xie Qian, Wang Shu, Ma Wensheng and others who were appointed at that time were all honest and loyal ministers. great effect.Emperor Xiaozong often summoned his cabinet ministers to the Wenhua Hall, and asked everyone to discuss the chapters of the ministers. After writing the comments, he would correct them and issue them.Therefore, the cabinet minister Li Dongyang said happily: "Since Tianshun, for more than 13 years, the emperor summoned the ministers and only asked one or two sentences, but now they are asking repeatedly and discussing in detail. It is unprecedented!" Hongzhi 1500 years ([-] A.D.), Liu Jian, an academician, said that after the late dynasty returned, it was already dark, and the documents sent from various places were often backlogged in the cabinet, and it was too late to deal with them. If there were disasters in all directions, there would be delays in matters such as reporting to the police possible.Therefore, Xiaozong specially summoned relevant ministers to discuss matters on the platform twice a day except for the morning and evening dynasties.Since then, the new method of "platform summoning" has emerged.

(End of this chapter)