Zi Zhi Tong Jian

Chapter 11 Qin Ji: Strange Goods to Live in (3)
Chen Guang said: "Yan Dan can't bear the anger of the dynasty. He violated the Qin Dynasty of tigers and wolves. He thought lightly and plotted lightly, solicited grievances and made disasters quickly, so that the temple of Zhao Gong was not worshiped. What is the greatest crime?"As for the commentators, they may be called sages, how can they be nothing more than that!

Jing Ke cherishes the selfishness of his support, disregards the seven clans, and wants to strengthen Yan and weaken Qin with a chiba dagger, what a fool!Therefore, in Yangzi's theory, Yaoli is the prey of spiders, Nie Zheng is the prey of strong men, and Jing Ke is the prey of assassins.He said again: "Jing Ke, the gentleman steals everything!" Goodness!
【Translation】

At this moment, all the officials in the hall were astonished. What happened was so unexpected that all the officials lost their composure and were at a loss.Because the laws of the Qin State stipulated that the ministers serving in the hall were not allowed to carry any weapons.So the ministers stepped forward to fight Jing Ke with bare hands, and shouted: "My lord, push the sword to your back!" So Qin Wang Yingzheng pushed the sword to his back, tilted the sword sheath, and brought the hilt forward, and immediately He drew his sword and struck Jing Ke back, cutting off his left thigh.After being disabled, Jing Ke could no longer chase the King of Qin, so he threw a dagger at the King of Qin, but only hit the copper pillar.Jing Ke knew that the assassination could not be completed, so he cursed: "The reason why this failed is because I wanted to capture you alive and force you to sign a contract to return the land you annexed, so as to repay Prince Yan. Ah!" Jing Ke was quickly dismembered for public display.The king of Qin was furious about this, and immediately sent additional troops to the state of Zhao to attack the state of Yan with Wang Jian's army.The army of Qin fought fiercely with the army of Yan and King Dai in the west of Yishui, and soon defeated the soldiers of Yan and Dai.

Sima Guang, the minister, believed that Prince Dan of Yan could not bear the temporary anger and offended the wolf-like state of Qin. It was too rash to consider things like this, and his plan was too shallow, so that he aroused resentment and accelerated the disaster of destruction. The ancestral temple sacrifices dedicated to the first ancestor of the Yan Kingdom, Zhao Gong, were suddenly interrupted. I am afraid there is no greater crime than this!And some people even commented that Prince Dan of Yan is a person with both ability and political integrity. Isn't this too much?

Jing Ke wanted to use a short dagger to make Yan strong and Qin weak because of his personal love to repay Prince Dan, but he didn't care that the whole family would be implicated. Isn't this extremely stupid!So Yang Xiong will comment on this as follows: Yaoli's death is the death of a spider and a gnat, Nie Zheng's death is the death of a strong man, and Jing Ke's death is the death of an assassin. None of these can be called "righteousness."He also said: "Jing Ke, measured by the moral concept of a gentleman, is actually a thief!" This is really good!

[Comment and Analysis]

"There are brave men at the top, there are brave men at the middle level, and there are brave men at the bottom." Since ancient times, our country has admired warriors very much, especially in the chaotic times of the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods, there will always be reckless heroes who will come out to save the world from hanging upside down.For this reason, Sima Qian once recorded the heroic deeds of several knights such as Jing Ke, Xia Lei, Zhuan Zhu, Nie Zheng, and Yu Rang in "Historical Records", and wrote "Biography of Assassins" to commemorate them.Among them, Jing Ke is the assassin most admired by Sima Qian, and he wrote a biography specially for Jing Ke.Jing Ke is an assassin, and is the most famous assassin in later generations.With the unification of Qin Dynasty, Jing Ke's deeds became the last elegy of those who walk with swords, filled with strong sadness.

Daze Uprising
[Original text]

First Year of Emperor Qin II

In autumn and in the seventh month, Chen Sheng from Yangcheng and Wu Guang from Yangxia raised troops in Qi.At that time, Falu Zuo garrisoned Yuyang, and 900 people were stationed in Daze Township. Both Chen Sheng and Wu Guang were the chiefs of the village.There will be heavy rain, the road will be blocked, and the speed will be lost.If you lose your promise, the law will cut you off.Chen Sheng and Wu Guang, because of the world's sorrow and resentment, killed the generals and ordered the disciples to say: "The public and others should be beheaded if they fail to meet their deadlines. If they are ordered not to be beheaded, the dead will be guarded sixty-seven. If the strong man does not die, he will die, and if he dies, he will die." Give it a big name! Princes and generals have a kindness!" Everyone obeyed.

He falsely called his sons Fusu and Xiang Yan, and formed an alliance for the altar, calling them Dachu; Chen Sheng made himself a general, and Wu Guang was a captain.Attack Daze Township and pull it out.Harvest and attack Qi, Qi Xia.He ordered Ge Ying, a man from Fuli, to send his soldiers to the east of Qi, and attack Zhi, Yu, Ku, Zhe, and Qiao, and they all went down.Going to withdraw troops, compared to Chen, with six or seven hundred chariots, more than a thousand riders, and tens of thousands of soldiers.Attacking Chen, Chen Shou and Wei are not there, and Shou Cheng alone and Zhan Qiaomen are invincible; when Shou Cheng dies, Chen Sheng enters Chen.

【Translation】

The first year of Qin II (209 BC)
Just in autumn, in July, Chen Sheng from Yangcheng and Wu Guang from Yangxia gathered in Qi County to revolt.At that time, the Qin Dynasty conscripted poor people from Luzuo area to Yuyang to guard the border. These 900 people were stationed in Daze Township halfway, and Chen Sheng and Wu Guang were both appointed as the chiefs of the village.It happened to be raining heavily at that time, and the road was muddy and impassable. They speculated that they could not reach the Yuyang defense area within the stipulated time limit.According to the laws and regulations of the Qin Dynasty, any delay in the garrison period will result in execution.So Chen Sheng and Wu Guang took advantage of the fact that the people in the world had been oppressed for a long time and had deep grievances against the King of Qin, so they killed the generals who came to escort them, and summoned the soldiers to order: "You have delayed the period of garrison. Beheaded. Even if they are not beheaded, six out of ten people will die because of long-term garrison outside the border. Then the strong man will not die, and if he dies, he will plan for great things! Are princes and generals born?" Everyone listened All responded positively.

Chen Sheng and Wu Guang pretended to be the subordinates of the dead Fusu and Xiang Yan, the late general of Chu State, and built an altar with earth, climbed to it and made oaths, and called it "Great Chu".Chen Sheng made himself a general, and Wu Guang was a captain.The rebel army immediately broke through Daze Township, and then recruited rebels to expand their army and attack Qi.After the rebel army captured Qi, they immediately ordered Ge Ying from Fuli to lead troops to attack the area east of Qi, successively attacking Qi, Qi, Ku, Zhe, Qiao and other places, and captured them all.The rebel army kept recruiting troops along the road. When they arrived at Chendi, the rebel army had six or seven hundred chariots, more than a thousand cavalry, and tens of thousands of infantry. The county magistrate met the rebels at the gate below Qiaolou, but the officers and soldiers of Chendi failed, and the magistrate was killed; Chen Sheng then led the rebel army into the city and occupied Chendi.

[Original text]

In the early days, Zhang Er and Chen Yuxiang from Daliang made friends with each other.When Qin destroyed Wei, he heard about two famous scholars of Wei, and rewarded and bought them heavily.Zhang Er and Chen Yu changed their names and surnames, and all of them were Chen, and they served as the prison gate to feed themselves.Li Li tried to flog Chen Yu, and Chen Yu wanted to get up, so he opened his ears and made him flog him.When the officials left, Zhang Er cited Chen Yuzhi's sangxia, and counted them, saying: "What is Shiwu and the public saying? Seeing this little insult, I want to die as an official!" Chen Yu thanked him.After Chen She entered Chen, Zhang Er and Chen Yu came to visit him.Chen Shesu was overjoyed when he heard about Qixian.The elders of Chen Zhonghaojie asked Li She to be the king of Chu, and She asked Zhang Er and Chen Yu.Er and Yu said to each other: "Qin is immoral, destroying people and society, and tyrannizing the people. The general will plan ten thousand deaths to eliminate the disabled for the world. From now until Chen is the king, to show the world's selfishness. May the general be king, hurry up Lead troops to the west. After sending people to establish the six kingdoms, they will build a party for themselves and benefit the enemy for Qin. If there are many enemies, the force will be divided, and the army will be strong if there are many enemies. According to Xianyang, to order the princes. When the princes die, they will be established, and they will be subdued by virtue. If this is the case, the emperor's career will be completed. Now the only king is Chen, and I fear that the world will slacken." Chen She refused to listen, so he proclaimed himself king, named "Zhang Chu" .

At that time, the counties and counties suffered from the Qin law and fought to kill the chief officials in order to respond.Those who visit come from the east, and those who rebel hear.The second generation is angry, and the next official.Later the envoy arrived, asked him, and said to him: "A group of thieves, rats and dogs are stealing, and the county guards and Wei Fang are chasing after them. Now we have all, so there is nothing to worry about." Shangyue.

【Translation】

In the beginning, Zhang Er and Chen Yu from Daliang made an appointment to become close friends.When the state of Qin destroyed the state of Wei, they heard that there were these two celebrities in the state of Wei, so they paid a lot of money to arrest them.Zhang Er and Chen Yu changed their names and surnames, and together they hid in Chendi, serving as guards at the inner gate to support their families.The officials in charge of Lixiang once whipped Chen Yu for a small mistake. Chen Yu wanted to fight the official, but Zhang Er secretly stepped on his feet, implying that he would accept the whip.After the petty official left, Zhang Er pulled Chen Yu under the mulberry tree, and scolded him, "What did I tell you back then? Now that I encounter a little insult, I want to fight a petty official to my death!" Chen Yu Yu then apologized.When Chen Sheng led the rebel army to station in Chendi, Zhang Er and Chen Yu went to Chen Sheng's residence to ask for an audience by name.Chen Shengping had heard that they were very talented, so he was very happy to see them.It just so happened that prestigious local people and township officials and elders in Chen Dizhong jointly requested that Chen Sheng be made king of Chu. Chen Sheng took this matter to ask Zhang Er and Chen Yu for their opinions.The two replied: "The Qin Dynasty was tyrannical, destroying other countries, and bullying the people. Now, general, you are risking your life to raise your troops to rebel, isn't it to eliminate harm for the people of the world? Now you have just arrived in Chendi To become king is to show your selfishness to the people of the world. Therefore, I hope that you will not be in a hurry to become king, but should quickly lead troops to the west and send people to support the descendants of the kings of the six countries, so as to cultivate party members for yourself, so as to serve the Qin Dynasty Increase the number of enemies. If there are more enemies in the Qin Dynasty, then the army will be dispersed. If there are more countries united by the Great Chu, the army will be stronger. In this way, there will be no need for the army to fight in the wild, and there will be no soldiers to defend the city for Qin in the county. Eradicate the brutal Qin regime in one fell swoop, occupy Xianyang, and issue orders to the vassal states. When the perishing vassal states are revived, you will implement virtuous government to make them submit, and your great cause of emperor will be completed! Now you are called the King, I am afraid that this will weaken the fighting spirit of the people of the world." But Chen Sheng did not accept their advice, and immediately proclaimed himself King of Chu, known as "Zhang Chu".

At that time, people in various counties and counties suffered from the cruel and harsh laws of the Qin Dynasty, so they scrambled to kill local officials in response to Chen Sheng.The guests and officials of the Qin Dynasty returned to the court from the east and reported the situation of the rebellion to Qin II.Qin Ershi was furious after hearing this, and immediately handed over the visitor to the judicial officials for questioning.In this way, when the envoys who came back later asked them about the situation, they replied: "A group of thieves are just thieves. The county guard and the county lieutenant are hunting them down. It's not worth worrying about." Qin Er Shi was quite happy then.

[Comment and Analysis]

At the end of the Qin Dynasty, Hu Hai, the youngest son of Qin Shihuang, succeeded to the throne and intensified the exploitation of the people, which finally led to the first peasant uprising in history, which was the Chen Sheng and Wu Guang uprising.The two of them were originally poor peasants with nothing, and later led their companions to rebel against the innocent Qin Dynasty.Their uprising, like a prairie fire, ignited the ground for peasant uprisings in the late Qin Dynasty.

Snake Uprising
[Original text]

First Year of Emperor Qin II

Liu Bang, named Ji, is a man of Longzhun and Longyan, with 72 sunspots on his left thigh.The lover likes to give, and the intention is as good as it is.He is often generous and doesn't care about his family's production and homework.At the beginning, he was the head of Sishang Pavilion, a single father, Lu Gong, who was a good matchmaker, and he was surprised by Ji's appearance, and he was a female wife.

Then Ji took the head of the pavilion to send Tuli Mountain to the county, and Tuduo died.From time to time, they all died, and went to Fengxi Zezhong Pavilion, stopped drinking, and at night, they were sent by the disciples who were liberated and said: "All the public and others will go, and I will pass away from now on!" There are more than ten strong men among the disciples willing to follow. .

Liu Ji was drunk, and there was a big snake in the middle of the night path. Ji drew his sword and cut the snake.An old woman cried and said: "My son, the son of the White Emperor, turned into a snake and became the ruler; now the Red Emperor will kill him!" Because he suddenly disappeared.Liu Jishi hid among the rocks in Mount Mang and Dangshan.

【Translation】

The First Year of Emperor Qin II (209 BC)
Liu Bang, named Ji, has a high nose bridge, a protruding brow bone like a dragon's forehead, and 72 moles on his left thigh.He is friendly and kind to others, generous in doing good, and broad-minded;At the beginning, Liu Bang served as the head of the pavilion in Sishui. There was a Lu Gong in Shanfu County who was good at looking at people. After seeing Liu Bang's appearance and appearance, he thought it was very unusual, so he married his daughter to him.

(End of this chapter)