Zi Zhi Tong Jian

Chapter 30 Jin Ji: Tears at the Monument (3)
【Translation】

The eighth year of Taiyuan, Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty (383 A.D.)
Former Qin King Fu Jian issued an edict to start a large-scale attack on the Eastern Jin Dynasty.One out of every ten adults among the people is selected to serve as an army; among the children of good families, those who are under the age of 20, who are talented and courageous, are all awarded the official Habayashiro.He also said: "In the Jin Dynasty, Sima Changming was appointed as Minister Zuo Pushe, Xie An was appointed Minister of the Ministry of Officials, and Huan Chong was served as a servant. According to this situation, the time for triumph will not be too long. We can build the mansion first and then set off. ” More than 3 cavalry were conscripted by the children of good families, and Fu Jian appointed Zhao Shengzhi, the governor of Qinzhou, as the commander of the youth.At that time, the ministers of the Manchu Dynasty did not want Fu Jian to go to the expedition, but only Murongchui, Yao Chang and the children of the Liang family agreed.Fu Rong, Duke of Yangping, persuaded Fu Jian: "The captives of the Xianbei and Qiang tribes are the enemies of our dynasty. They are day and night looking forward to the changes in the situation to fulfill their wishes. How can we listen to the strategies they stated? The youths from good families are all from rich families. They don’t understand military affairs at all, and they just offer flattery to please His Majesty. Now if Your Majesty believes and obeys their words, and rashly launches a large-scale attack, I’m afraid it will be a shame. It can't be accomplished, and there will be troubles in the future, and then there will be too many regrets!" Fu Jian still didn't listen.

On the second day of the eighth month, Fu Jian ordered Yangping Duke Fu Rong to command Marshal Zhang Hao, Murong Chui and others to lead 25 infantry and cavalry as forwards, and Yao Chang, the governor of Yanzhou, as General Longxiang to command the armies of Yizhou and Liangzhou.Fu Jian said to Yao Chang: "In the past, I established a great cause with the position of General Longxiang, and I have never granted this position to others easily. You should work hard!" General Zuo Chong said: "The king has no jokes. Words are an ominous sign!" Fu Jian was silent for a while.

Murong Kai and Murong Shao said to Murong Chui: "The monarch's arrogance is getting worse and worse. This is where my uncle established the great cause of Zhongxing!" Murong Chui said: "Yes. Besides you, who can complete the great cause with me? ?”

[Original text]

Jiazi, firmly established in Chang'an, with more than 27 soldiers and 30 cavalry, facing each other with drums and drums, thousands of miles forward and backward.In September, when Jian arrived at Xiangcheng, the soldiers of Liangzhou first arrived in Xianyang, the soldiers of Shu and Han went down the river, and the soldiers of You and Ji arrived at Pengcheng.Yangping Gongrong and other [-] soldiers first arrived in Yingkou.

In the imperial edict, Shangshu servant Xie Shi was appointed as the general who conquered the captives and the governor of the conquest, and Xie Xuan, the governor of Xu and Yanzhou, was used as the forward governor, and a total of [-] were rejected together with General Xie Yan of the Fuguo and General Huan Yi of Xizhonglang; General Hu Bin of Longxiang was sent to aid Shouyang with five thousand sailors.Yan, the son of An.At that time, Qin's soldiers were both prosperous, and they were all shocked.Xie Xuan came in and asked Xie An about his plan. An Yiran replied, "I have another purpose."Xuan didn't dare to reply, but Zhang Xuan asked him again.An Sui ordered to drive out to the mountain villa, where relatives and friends gathered, and played with Xuan Weiqi at the villa.Anqi is always inferior to Xuan, and on this day, Xuan fears, he becomes an opponent and loses.An Sui traveled to Zhi and returned at night.Huan Chong was deeply worried about the fundamentals, and sent three thousand elites to the capital to help.Xie Angu rejected it, saying: "The punishment of the imperial court has been determined, and there is no shortage of soldiers and armor. The Western Fan should be kept as a defense." Chong sighed to the assistant officials and said: "Xie An has a lot of temples on the right, and he will not be idle. Today the big The enemy is approaching, and Fang has no time to talk, so I send all the young men who don't know anything to refuse, and the crowd is few and weak. The affairs of the world are already known, and I am left behind!"

【Translation】

On the eighth day of August, Fu Jian sent troops from Chang'an. There were more than 60 soldiers and 27 cavalry.In September, Fu Jian arrived in Xiangcheng, Liangzhou's army had just arrived in Xianyang, the troops of Shu and Han were going down the river, and the troops of Youzhou and Jizhou arrived in Pengcheng. Ten thousand ships.The more than 30 troops of Yangping Gong Fu Rong and others arrived in Yingkou early.

The Eastern Jin Dynasty issued an imperial edict to take Xie Shi, the servant of Shangshu, as the general and governor of the conquest, and Xie Xuan, the governor of Xu and Yanzhou, as the forward governor, and together with Xie Yan, the general of Fuguo, and Huan Yi, general of Xizhonglang, led the eighth army. Thousands of soldiers resisted the former Qin Dynasty.And let Longxiang General Hu Bin lead five thousand sailors to assist Shouyang.Xie Yan is the son of Xie An.At that time, the army of the former Qin Dynasty was already very strong, and everyone in the capital of the Eastern Jin Dynasty was shocked and frightened.Xie Xuan entered the court and asked Xie An for countermeasures.Xie An looked calm, and replied: "I have other plans." After finishing speaking, he remained silent.Xie Xuan didn’t dare to ask any more, so he asked Henry Zhang to ask for instructions again.Xie An immediately ordered his subordinates to drive out to the mountain villa, where relatives and friends gathered to play Go and gamble with Xie Xuan in the villa.Xie An's chess skills have always been inferior to Xie Xuan's, but today, because of inner panic, Xie Xuan threw a piece to rob under a very favorable situation, but was unable to win.Xie An traveled across mountains and rivers and did not come back until evening.Huan Chong was very worried about the foundation of the country, and immediately sent 3000 elite troops into the city to rescue the capital.Xie An resolutely stopped him and said to him: "The imperial court has made a decision to deal with it. The soldiers are not short of weapons. They should stay in the land of Xifan as a precaution." Huan Chong then sighed to the counselor of the feudal mansion: "Xie An Although he has the courage to live in the imperial court, he is not familiar with the strategy of leading troops to fight. Now that the enemy is in the lead, he can still play and talk freely, but he just sends young people who have not fought to resist, and the force is limited and weak. It can be seen from the overall situation that we are about to be ruled by foreigners!"

[Original text]

In winter, in October, Qin Yang, Ping Gongrong and others attacked Shouyang;Rong took Guo Bao, who joined the army in Henan, as the prefect of Huainan.Murong Chui pulled out Yuncheng.When Hu Bin heard that Shouyang had fallen, he withdrew his insurance from Xiashi and Rong attacked it.Qin Wei General Liang Cheng and other commanders stationed 25 people in Luojian, and fenced the Huai River to curb the Eastern soldiers.Xie Shi, Xie Xuan and others went to Luojian for [-] miles and marched. They were afraid of success and dared not enter.When Hu Bin ran out of food, he sent an emissary to tell Shi et al., saying: "The thieves are full now, and the food is running out. I'm afraid we won't see the army again!" The Qin people took it and sent it to Yangping Gongrong.Rongchi envoy Bai Qin Wang Jian said: "Thieves are few and easy to catch, but if you are afraid of fleeing, you should go to them quickly!"Zhu Xu, the minister, was sent to say that Xie Shi and others said that "the strength and the weakness are different, it is better to descend quickly."Preface privately said to Shi et al.: "If Qin's millions of people are exhausted, it will be difficult to be an enemy. Now that the army has not assembled, it is advisable to attack it quickly; if it defeats its vanguard, it will have captured its energy and can be broken. .”

Shi Wenjian was in Shouyang, he was very afraid, and he wanted not to fight against the old master Qin.Xie Yan advised Shi to follow the preface.In November, Xie Xuan dispatched 5000 elite soldiers from Guangling Prime Minister Liu Lao to visit Luojian. Before reaching Shili, Liang Cheng blocked the stream and waited for Chen to wait for it.He crossed the water straight ahead, hit it, broke it, cut it and Yiyang prefect Wang Yong, and divided his troops to cut him back to Jin.In charge of Qin Yangzhou Inspector Wang Xian and others, they collected all their equipment and military strength.So Xie Shi and other troops continued to advance by land and water.Qin Wangjian and Yangping Gongrong climbed to Shouyang City to look at it.Seeing that the troops of the Jin army are well-organized, and seeing the vegetation on Bagong Mountain, they all thought they were soldiers of the Jin Dynasty. Gu Zhirong said: "This is also a strong enemy, what is weak!"

【Translation】

In the winter, in October, Fu Rong, Duke Pinggong of the former Qin Dynasty and others led an army to attack Shouyang.On October 25, Shouyang was conquered, and General Xu Yuanxi and others were captured.Fu Rong appointed Guo Bao, a native of Henan who had joined the army, as the prefect of Huainan.Murong Chui attacked Yuncheng.After Hu Bin learned that Shouyang had been captured, he retreated to Xiashi to guard, and Fu Rong sent troops to attack Xiashi.Former Qin Wei General Liang Cheng and others led [-] soldiers to garrison Luojian and set up defenses along the Huaihe River to contain the troops from the east.Xie Shi, Xie Xuan and others were stationed [-] miles away from Luojian, but they dared not move forward because they were afraid of Liang Cheng.Hu Bin's food quickly ran out, so he secretly sent an envoy to report to Xie Shi and others: "Now that the bandits are strong and our army's food has been used up, I'm afraid we won't be able to see the army again!" The former Qin captured Hu Bin. , and sent him to Fu Rong, Duke of Yangping.Fu Rong quickly sent an envoy to report to Fu Jian, the king of Qin, saying: "Now the bandits are few and easy to capture, but I'm afraid they will escape, so we should send troops here quickly." Fu Jian then left the large army in Xiangcheng and personally led the eight Qian Qingqi rushed to Shouyang day and night to meet Fu Rong.Fu Jian also sent Shangshu Zhu Xu to persuade Xie Shi and others, saying: "The strength of our two sides is very different, it is better to surrender quickly." But Zhu Xu secretly said to Xie Shi and others: "If all Qin's million troops arrive , It is indeed difficult to compete with them. Now that the armies from all walks of life have not yet gathered, they should attack quickly. If they can defeat their forwards, then they will lose their morale, and then they can attack them in one fell swoop."

When Xie Shi heard that Fu Jian was in Shouyang, he was very afraid and tried to use the strategy of not fighting to drag down the former Qin army.Xie Yan persuaded Xie Shi to adopt Zhu Xu's suggestion.In November, Xie Xuan sent Guangling Prime Minister Liu Laozhi to lead five thousand elite soldiers into Luojian. Less than ten miles away from Luojian, Liang Cheng guarded the mountain stream and deployed troops to wait for Liu Laozhi's arrival.Liu Laozhi crossed the river straight forward to fight Liang Cheng, but he defeated Liang Cheng and beheaded Liang Cheng and Yiyang prefect Wang Yong.They also dispatched troops to block the ferry on their way back. The infantry and cavalry of the former Qin Dynasty all collapsed and fled to the Huai River. Fifteen thousand soldiers died in this battle. The former Qin Yangzhou Governor Wang Xian and others also After being captured, all the weapons and rations of the Qin army were confiscated.So Xie Shi and other Jin troops from all walks of life launched a two-pronged approach by water and land.Former Qin King Fu Jian and Yangping Duke Fu Rong climbed to Shouyang City to watch, and saw the Eastern Jin army standing in formation. Looking into the distance and seeing the vegetation on Bagong Mountain, they both thought they were soldiers of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.Then Fu Jian turned back and said to Fu Rong, "This is also a strong enemy, why do you say their troops are weak?" Fu Rong was at a loss, and gradually a look of fear appeared on his face.

[Original text]

Qin soldiers forced fat water to come to Chen, and Jin soldiers were not allowed to cross.Xie Xuan sent an envoy to call Yangping Gongrong and said: "The king hangs the army deep, and puts the Chen to force the water. This is a long-term strategy, and it is not a one who wants to fight quickly. If Chen Shao is moved, the Jin soldiers can be crossed to win the decisive victory. Negative, isn't it good!" All the generals of Qin said: "We are so widowed, it is better to contain them, so that they can't go up, and they can be safe." Jian said: "However, attracting fewer troops and making them halfway across, I will use iron cavalry To frown and kill them is beyond contempt!" Rong also thought so, and ordered his troops to retreat.The Qin soldiers then retreated, unable to stop, Xie Xuan, Xie Yan, Huan Yi and others led their troops across the water to attack them.Rong Chi rode slightly to Chen, who wanted to retreat in command, his horse fell, and was killed by the Jin soldiers, and the Qin soldiers collapsed.Xuan and others took advantage of the victory to pursue, as far as Qinggang;Hearing the sound of the wind and the rumbling of the cranes, all the walkers thought that the Jin soldiers were coming. They dared not rest day and night, slept in the grass, and suffered from hunger and cold.At the beginning, when the Qin soldiers were few, Zhu Xu shouted after Chen: "The Qin soldiers are defeated!"Xu Yin, Zhang Tianxi and Xu Yuanxi all came to run.The mica chariot, ceremonial clothing and equipment, military assets, treasures and livestock products obtained by Qin Wangjian were invincible, and Shouyang was taken again, and Guo Bao, the governor of Huainan, was held in charge.

He rode alone to Huaibei with strong arrows, and the people were so hungry that some of the people would eat pots of food and pork belly.The speech said: "Your Majesty hates suffering and happiness, and seeks danger for himself. The minister is the son of the majesty, and the majesty is the father of the minister. Do you have a son who feeds his father and asks for retribution?" Fu went away.Jian said to Mrs. Zhang: "How can I rule the world now!"Xie Ande's post book, knowing that Qin's soldiers had been defeated, at that time Fang played Go with the guest, took the book and put it on the bed, there was no joy, and Go went as before.Asked by the guest, Xu replied: "The younger generations have already broken the thief."

【Translation】

The troops of the former Qin Dynasty pressed against Feishui and lined up, but the troops of the Eastern Jin Dynasty could not cross it at all.Xie Xuan then sent an envoy to Fu Rong, the Lord of Yangping, and said, "Your army is going deep alone, but now you are pressing Feishui to form an army. This is a strategy for a long-term confrontation, not a stance for a quick battle. , so that the army of the Jin Dynasty can cross the river and decide the outcome, isn’t that good?” The former generals of the Qin Dynasty said: “I have many enemies, so it’s better to contain them and prevent them from going ashore, so that they can be safe.”

Fu Jian said: "Just lead the troops back a little bit and let them cross the river halfway, then we will dispatch the armored cavalry to fight bravely!" Fu Rong also agreed, and then waved the battle flag to command the soldiers to retreat.Once the former Qin army retreated, it was out of control.Xie Xuan, Xie Yan, Huan Yi and others were thus able to lead the army across the river to attack them.Fu Rong rode a horse to inspect the army formation, trying to command the retreating soldiers, but the horse fell to the ground, and Fu Rong was beheaded by the soldiers of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and the army of the former Qin Dynasty suddenly collapsed.Xie Xuan and others took advantage of the victory and pursued them all the way to Qinggang. The army of the former Qin Dynasty was defeated, and those who trampled each other to death covered the mountains and blocked the mountains and rivers.When the fugitives heard the sound of the wind and the twittering of cranes, they all thought that the army of the Eastern Jin Dynasty was coming, so they did not dare to stop day and night, panicking, sleeping in the open, hungry and cold, and seven or eight out of ten died of this.At first, when the former Qin army retreated slightly, Zhu Xu took the opportunity to shout loudly from behind the army formation: "The Qin army has failed!" The soldiers ran away after hearing this.Taking advantage of the chaos, Zhu Xu went to the Eastern Jin Dynasty with Zhang Tianxi and Xu Yuanxi.Countless mica-decorated chariots, ceremonial costumes, military equipment, military supplies, rare treasures and livestock products, etc., were seized.Then Shouyang was captured, and Guo Bao, the prefect of Huainan in the former Qin Dynasty, was captured alive.Fu Jian was shot by arrows and fled to the north of the Huaihe River alone. He was so hungry that the local people brought rice in pots of water and pig bones.But these people declined and said: "Your Majesty hates hardship, is content with pleasure, and seeks danger for himself. I am His Majesty's son, and Your Majesty is my father. How can there be a son who gives food to his father and asks for something in return!" After all, they didn't look at it. One glance at the reward and then left.Therefore, Fu Jian said to Mrs. Zhang: "What face do I have to govern the world now!" He burst into tears as he spoke.

Xie An received a letter from the post station, and learned that the army of the former Qin Dynasty had failed. At that time, he was playing Go with a guest. After reading the letter, he put it on the bed. He didn't look happy at all, and continued to play Go.The guest asked him what he said in the letter, and he replied slowly: "The children have already defeated the enemy." After playing chess, he returned to the house, and when he crossed the threshold, he was so happy Didn't notice the break.

[Comment and Analysis]

The Battle of Feishui was a relatively famous battle in the history of our country in which the less won the more. The former Qin ruler Fu Jian led an army of one million to attack the Eastern Jin Dynasty.The 8 people in the Eastern Jin Dynasty were led by Xie Xuan and Xie Yan to face off at Bagong Mountain.Looking at Bagong Mountain from a distance, Fu Jian felt that every plant and tree on the mountain were soldiers of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and he couldn't help but regretted his recklessness. This is the origin of the idiom "every plant is a soldier".But the matter was irreversible. When the army was about to collapse, Fu Jian, who was fleeing, heard the sound of the wind and the cry of cranes in the air along the way. He thought it was the cry of the Eastern Jin pursuers, and was too frightened to stop. He fled all the way beyond the Huai River North, this is the origin of the idiom "the sound of the wind is jittery".Fu Jian, who refused to listen to the dissuasion of his officials, was killed by his own generals shortly after his defeat.At this point, the former Qin Dynasty disappeared and became a historical term.

(End of this chapter)