2050 superpower

Chapter 14 India: We will copy everything in China (3)
Regarding Gandhi's departure, Indian Prime Minister Nehru said: "The light of our life has since disappeared, and there is darkness everywhere." Such a great man?" Regarding Gandhi's death, he said jealously in a profane and acidic voice: "It is disgusting to see Mr. Gandhi, he was a lawyer from Middle Femple who disturbed the peace Now in the East, he looks like an ascetic and parades in front of the Governor's Palace half-naked, but he is famous." The person who said this was the former British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, a power admirer.Gandhi was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize five times during his lifetime, but none were recognized, and years later the Nobel committee publicly regretted this.

After Gandhi left, Nehru partially inherited Gandhi's ideas, implemented a non-alignment policy, and refused to join any international military bloc.After India's independence, it is faced with the question of where to go.Regarding this issue, Nehru put forward the slogan of "democratic socialism" and wanted to establish a "socialist society" in India.In terms of foreign policy, in June 1954, Nehru and Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai jointly proposed the famous Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence.Based on this principle, Nehru initiated a conference in 6 aimed at promoting the national independence of Asian and African countries, namely the Bandung Conference, calling on Asian and African countries to unite, live in peace, and cooperate with each other to jointly oppose imperialism and colonialism. In 1955, Nehru, together with Yugoslav President Tito and Egyptian President Nasser, launched the "Non-Aligned Movement"; and held the first summit meeting of non-aligned countries in Yugoslavia.

Unlike Gandhi, Nehru had contradictory thoughts: While pursuing peace, Nehru also pursued India's status as a great power in the world; Within the Commonwealth of Nations; while actively opposing colonialism and recovering the colonies of France and Portugal in India, it also wants to inherit the privileges of the United Kingdom and wants to maintain its "suzerainty" over some small surrounding countries.Under the guidance of this contradictory thinking, in order to take back all the privileges of the United Kingdom in the past, India proposed to China to determine the boundaries according to the sphere of influence delineated by the United Kingdom in the past.China categorically rejected India's request, and in 1962 a Sino-Indian military conflict broke out.In this military conflict, India lost to China and Nehru's position in India was weakened.In depression, Nehru, already 75 years old, died of illness on May 1964, 5.

Looking at the first half of India's post-independence history, two contrasting colors emerge before our eyes.As the leaders of the two generations in the first half of India's history, Gandhi's character was to "take from the weak", while Nehru's character was to "seek from the strong".So there must be a difference in the thinking of the two people.Nehru has a famous quote: "I think Gandhi's emphasis on the means is of great benefit to us. However, I am sure that the end should be emphasized more. If we cannot understand this, we will obviously be adrift Indefinite, waste our energies on insignificant side issues... It is a sad thing that the purpose is vague. Actions must be directed to clear goals if they are to be effective." After Nehru's death, his only daughter Indira Gandhi became She became the Prime Minister of India and was called the "Iron Lady" by Indians.This "Iron Lady" wanted to inherit her father's unfinished business, but she died before going on the expedition—she was murdered.

With the end of the Nehru era, we can build pavilions.Nehru is great, he gradually transformed India from a religious country to a secular country, which laid the foundation for India's rise.But Nehru's dream of a "Greater Indian Federation" brought him a fatal crisis, which made his halo somewhat fade.Nehru's dream of a "Greater Indian Federation" included China and other Asian countries in his planning.Nehru's ambition, in that era when sovereignty was above all else, stabbed the political nerves of Asian countries and isolated India.Even so, Nehru still has a high status in the hearts of the Indian people. He is a hero and a beacon in the hearts of the Indians.

India has always been a mysterious country.This kind of mystery is reflected in the mysterious and mysterious idealistic world.The famous Indian poet Rabindranath Tagore said: "In the eyes of Westerners, our civilization is profound metaphysics, just like playing the piano, in the eyes of deaf people, there are only fingertips beating but no music." However, India is in the world. Today's globalization has begun to change.What Churchill called "a barbaric country with a barbaric religion" was no longer "like the equator, it is not a country at all".India is struggling to break free and rise "in defiance of the gods".From Gandhi to Nehru, and then from Nehru to Ambedgar, in order to change Indian culture, they wrestled with traditional Indian religions, making Indians believe that this world is a world of power.After Rajiv Gandhi was defeated in the 1989 general election, India completely broke away from Nehru and entered a new era.

Lenin said: "When the old system is about to perish, you cannot put it in a coffin and bury it in the grave; it rots and stinks among us and poisons us, and stinks around us. The same is true in India. Although the "caste" system has been legally abolished, the "caste" system still exists in the reality of India. The law cannot eliminate culture. Only by establishing a new culture can the "caste" system be eradicated. It cannot be completed in one or two generations.The Mandel investigation team once conducted a survey: In India, the backward "caste", that is, the untouchables, accounted for 52% of the Indian population.Faced with this survey result, the Mandel investigation team suggested that at least 49% of the Indian government's civil servants and university students should come from the discriminated "caste" group.After this proposal was put forward, it was shelved and ignored. It was not implemented as a policy until Singh became prime minister.However, this policy aroused strong opposition from the Indian bourgeoisie and petty bourgeoisie. For this reason, some people set themselves on fire in public places to protest.This policy was repealed immediately after Singh stepped down.This strong restoration of the old cultural system truly echoed Nehru’s words: “Religion has become inescapable in India. It not only harms our bodies, but also suppresses and even kills many creative ideas in our minds.” Nehru Rue even said: "He (Gandhi) kept referring to God - God told him to do this and that, God even hinted at the date of his fasting - it was really infuriating."

Regardless, India is changing.This is just like the Indian Alok said: "People cannot live without brands... In today's world, brands are a new religion." Although there are still "gods" in India, they have "disregarded all God", looking for a new sustenance in the confusion.If India wants to become a world superpower, it must learn from China and reposition its own culture in a reborn process.

§§§Section [-] The only overlord in the Indian Ocean
Sun Tzu, a military strategist in the Spring and Autumn Period of China, said: "Soldiers are important matters for the country, the place of death and life, and the way of life and death. You must observe it." The army is a symbol of the establishment of a country. Tiananmen Square in Beijing, China is so big, it also has a 100-man guard as an army.The meaning of the army is multiple.It can defend its country against foreign aggression and protect its interests beyond its homeland.The Roman historian Titus Livy said: "War is just to those who need it; war is just to those who have lost all hope." In this case Now, although human beings always want to "farewell to weapons", they will never be able to do so. ．
In ancient times, great powers competed for supremacy on land; in modern times, great powers competed for supremacy at sea; in modern times, great powers began to compete for supremacy in the air.Human consciousness is always ahead.When space was still "far away" from us, in 1959, the United Nations General Assembly established the "United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space".But when humans can really touch space, the United States will sound the clarion call for space warfare.We have reason to believe that in the not-too-distant future, the "wreckage" of human wars will also appear in space.

If India wants to realize its dream of being a great power, military issues are issues that it must pay attention to.Since India's independence, internal and external troubles have never stopped.The military confrontation between India and Pakistan has always been entangled with India and cannot escape; China, which is connected to its own soil, is an indelible shadow in India's heart.So far, in the Indian army, the soldiers are their own, but the military equipment used by the soldiers belongs to the "United Nations", and even their own military theory does not have independent "intellectual property rights".But with such a military force, India still wants to dominate the Indian Ocean.

At that time, the British colonialist Watt Raleigh said: "Whoever controls the ocean controls trade; whoever controls world trade controls world wealth, and thus controls the world itself."

Raleigh has some truth to it.In modern international trade and transportation, the logistics through the ocean accounts for more than 80%.There are more than 3 transport ships sailing on the ocean every day in the world, and the trade volume is hundreds of billions of dollars.Therefore, maritime countries and coastal countries attach great importance to the competition for maritime military superiority.With the military power of its superpower, the United States maintains its control over the sea.Japan has made a strategic shift from the original "exclusive offshore defense" to an "ocean active defense" centered on the protection of sea lines of communication.

The Indian Ocean is a sensitive sea area in Asia.For China, it is an important energy and trade channel, and even one of China's lifelines.China is one of the largest economies in the world, so the Indian Ocean is also extremely important to world trade.While accepting the boundaries of British colonial rule, India also accepted the theory of "concentric circles".

According to this theory, India regards Kashmir, Nepal, Sikkim, Bhutan and Assam as its "inner lines of defense"; China's Tibet as a "buffer state" is also included in its sphere of influence.Therefore, for a long period of time, India was plagued by land border issues and focused on the construction of the army, while the navy was relatively weak.With the continuous improvement of the status of the world economy in national trade, the value of the ocean to a country is getting higher and higher.Beginning in 1971, India began to attach importance to naval construction, and declared to the outside world that "after the British withdrew from the area east of Suez in 1971, the Indian Navy should take full responsibility for the Indian Ocean."

With the continuous deepening of trade globalization and the increasingly fierce competition among coastal countries for control of the sea, sea power is becoming more and more important.Under such circumstances, the focus of India's military strategy began to shift from the subcontinent to the Indian Ocean, and the navy was given priority in the allocation of military expenditures.Former Indian Defense Minister P. Narasimha Rao once told Parliament: "The goal of the modernization of the Indian Navy is to gain a clear advantage over the countries along the Indian Ocean."

On August 2009, 8, China's "Global Times" reported that India announced a huge shipbuilding plan, adding 3 warships and multiple submarines in the next 10 years.Indian media said that within 125 years, India's naval strength will be second only to the United States and become the second in the world.Regarding its own naval strength, India confidently believes that it "has the ability to act as a policeman in the Indian Ocean region" and wants to "turn the Indian Ocean into the Indian Sea".

We know that on the land of the earth, every inch of land is occupied by sovereignty, while on the ocean, except for the territorial sea that is 12 nautical miles in width as stipulated by the United Nations Convention on the Sea, it belongs to a country's territorial waters, and the rest of the ocean area is sovereign blank space.Due to the existence of a gap in maritime sovereignty, the world's military powers can unscrupulously carry out military threats to other countries on the high seas.Human desires will not leave any corner of the earth blank.The same is true on the high seas.Needless to say, the United States wants to dominate everything.As far as India, a major Asian country, is concerned, although most of its naval equipment is purchased from other countries, its naval strength cannot be underestimated under the patchwork.

India's navy consists of three commands: the west, the east and the south; in addition, India also has an independent submarine command, marine corps and naval aviation wing.In India's "ocean dream", having a powerful aircraft carrier is a must.

India's first aircraft carrier was the "Dignity" class "Vikrant" purchased from the United Kingdom in 1957. It officially entered service in the Indian Navy in 1961 and was decommissioned in 1996. In 1986, India purchased the aircraft carrier "Hermes" from the United Kingdom and renamed it "Virant". It is currently the only aircraft carrier in the hands of the Indian Navy.

Now India has bought the decommissioning route of the "Admiral Gorshkov" from Russia, which is planned to be delivered in 2012.By that time, India will have two aircraft carriers and its naval power can be multiplied.According to the traditional 10-level classification of naval strength, the first level is a surface combat force dominated by large aircraft carriers, with a large number of nuclear submarines, which is called the global control navy; the second level is mainly cruisers, supplemented by large aircraft carriers. Combat forces, with a large number of nuclear submarines, are called the global challenge navy; the third level is the aircraft carrier as the core, escorted by destroyers, nuclear submarines or conventional submarines, called the global presence navy, also known as the "deep blue" navy.Compared with this classification standard, after India has an aircraft carrier, the strength of its navy has entered the third echelon.Regardless of the gold content of this strength, the combat strength of the Indian Navy ranks first among the 36 countries along the Indian Ocean, and ranks seventh in the world after the United States, Russia, Britain, France, Germany, and Italy. It is called by the West the most powerful "regional sea power" in the third world.

India believes that the Indian Ocean is the ocean of its "destiny" on which India's security and happiness rest.

Paniker, an Indian diplomat who once served as an ambassador to China, once said: "India is a country with peninsular characteristics. Its trade mainly depends on sea traffic, which makes the sea have a great impact on its destiny... Therefore, India's security depends on the Indian Ocean, the nation's interests lie in the Indian Ocean, and the future greatness also depends on the Indian Ocean." Paniker's words are not exaggerated.

From the perspective of national security, India's coastline is more than 7500 kilometers long, about 1/3 of India's entire national border, plus coastal islands and nearly 200 large and small ports, its vast land and long coastline need to be defended.

In terms of economic value, the Indian Ocean is rich in natural resources, with an annual output of 1500 million to 2100 million tons of various fish. Currently, India's fish catch accounts for 40% of the total fish catch in the Indian Ocean.Fishery is not only one of India's domestic food sources, but also an important export commodity in exchange for foreign exchange; after the discovery of large oil fields in the Mumbai Basin, it was also proved that the oil fields in the Godavari Basin, Palk Strait, Bay of Bengal and Andado Islands and other areas The sea area is rich in oil and natural gas, which will be the main source of energy for India; the seabed of the Indian Ocean is rich in manganese oxide ore resources.According to preliminary estimates, each square kilometer of the seabed with nodules is covered with about 7 tons of nodules, from which 3 tons of iron, 3600 tons of aluminum, 2300 tons of manganese, 400 tons of cobalt and 650 tons of copper can be extracted. Inexhaustible important strategic resources will have a profound impact on India's future economic and industrial development.

(End of this chapter)