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Chapter 23 Science General Knowledge (11)
Freud called this treatment the “talking cure”. Later it was called psychoanalysis. When patients talked freely about the things that were troubling them they often felt better.
The things that patients told him sometimes gave Freud a shock. He discovered that the feelings of very young children are not so different from those of their parents. A small boy may love his mother so much that he wants to kill his father. same time he loves his father and is deeply ashamed of this wish. It is difficult to live with such mixed feelings, so they fade away into the unconscious mind and only return in troubled dreams.
It was hard to believe that people could become blind, or lose the power of speech, because of what had happened to them when they were children. Freud was attacked from all sides for what he discovered. But he also found firm friends. Believed that he had at last found a way to unlock the secrets of the human mind, and to help people who were very miserable. He had found the answer to many of life's great questions.
He became famous all over the world and taught others to use the talking cure. His influence on modern art, literature and science cannot be measured. People who wrote books and plays, people who painted pictures, people who worked in schools, hospitals and prisons ; all these learned something from the great man who discovered a way into the unconscious mind.
Not all of Freud's ideas are accepted today. But others have followed where he led and have helped us to understand ourselves better. Because of him, and them, there is more hope today than there has ever been before for people who were once just called "crazy".
Vocabulary
unconscious ["? n"k? n? ? s] adj. Unconscious, unconscious, unconscious, unaware

suspect [s? "spekt" "s?spekt] n. suspect;
adj. Suspicious;
vt.& vi. doubt, conjecture
Curious ["kju? ri?s] adj. Curious, curious, eccentric, picky

possessed [p? "zest] adj. Crazy, possessed
nerve [n? : v] n. Nerves, courage, [plant] veins;

vt. take courage
Tremble ["trembl] vi. Trembling, anxiety, trembling;

vt. to wave;
n. trembling, shaking

psychoanalysis ["psaik?u?"n? lisis] n. psychoanalysis, psychoanalysis

fade [feid, fad] vi. Fading, gradually disappearing;

vt. to fade;
adj. bland, boring

Miserable ["miz? r? bl] adj. Miserable, painful, despicable

Practice
Write yes if the sentence is true. Write no if the sentence is not true.
1. Freud said that dreams come from unconscious mind.

2. The unconscious mind is full of memories and feelings.

3. If a person went mad, or out of his mind, there was not much that could be done about it
4. The other name of "talking cure" is psychoanalysis.

5. Many feelings fade away into the unconscious mind and only return in troubled dreams.

Translation
Most people often dream at night, wake up in the morning and say to themselves: "I had a strange dream! I don't know how I dreamed of this."

Sometimes dreams are creepy, sometimes dreams make wishes come true, and sometimes strange dreams will disturb us, and the dream world seems to be messy and incomprehensible.

In our dreams we do things we would never do when we are awake, and we think and say things that are not what we normally think or say.Why are dreams so weird and strange?Where do dreams come from?
So far no one has a more satisfying answer than a man named Sigmund Freud.According to him, dreams come from a part of consciousness that people cannot recognize and control, which he calls "subconscious mind".

Sigmund Freud was born about 100 years ago, lived most of his life in Vienna, Austria, and died in London shortly after the outbreak of World War II.

The new world explored by Freud is the inner world of man himself, because the subconscious mind is like a deep well, filled with various memories and emotions.These memories and emotions have been stored there since the day we were born, and our conscious minds have forgotten them until some unpleasant or unusual experience reminds us or makes us dream. The presence.We suddenly see things we saw as children and feel the same as before.

Freud's discovery is important if we want to understand what people do, because the subconscious mind inside us is at least as powerful as the conscious mind we know it to be.Sometimes we do things without knowing why we do them. The reason may be in our deep subconscious.

As a child Freud showed concern for the suffering of others, so it is not surprising that he became a doctor when he grew up.He learned how the various parts of the human body work, but he became more and more interested in human consciousness.So he went to Paris and studied under the famous French doctor Charcot.

At that time no one seemed to know much about human consciousness.If a person is crazy, or "unhinged," it's basically left alone.People don't know what happened to this lunatic, is he possessed by a devil, or is he being punished by God for his sins?These people are often locked up and separated from ordinary people, as if they have committed some serious crimes.

Even now it is still the case in many places.Doctors are more willing to examine and experiment on the visible organs of the human body. For example, if you cut a person's head, you can see the brain, but you cannot see his thoughts, thoughts or dreams.In Freud's day, few doctors were interested in these things, but he wanted to know how our consciousness works.He learned a lot from Charcot.

In 1886 he returned to Vienna and began his career as a psychiatrist.He became a family and received more and more patients at home.Most of them are women, and they seem too excited and anxious, with more heart disease than physical disease, and drugs can't help them.Freud was full of sympathy for this but could not alleviate their pain.

One day, a doctor friend named Joseph Brewer came to see Freud and told about a girl he was treating.The girl seemed to get better when she was able to talk about herself.She talked to Dr. Brewer about everything that came to her mind, and each time she talked she remembered more of her childhood.

Freud was so excited, he began to try this method to treat his patients.He asked them about their early childhood, encouraging them to talk about their experiences and relationships, while he said very little himself.

He just listened, and his patients often went back to the past while talking. The anger, fear, love and hatred made them tremble all over, as if the Freud in front of them were their parents or lovers.

Our doctor didn't stop them, he just listened silently to everything they had to say, good or bad.

One of the young women who came to the doctor could not drink anything, although she was very thirsty.There must be some reason why she cannot drink water.

Freud discovered the root of the matter.While they were talking one day, the girl recalled seeing a dog drink from her sitter's glass, which she didn't like and didn't tell her about.She had forgotten the whole thing, but suddenly this childhood memory came back to her mind.She told Dr. Floyd everything—the nurse, the dog, and the glass of water, and she was able to drink again.

Freud called such treatment "confidential therapy", which was later named "psychoanalysis".Patients often feel better when they talk about what is bothering them.

Freud was sometimes shocked by the confessions of his patients, who discovered that the emotions of early children were not very different from those of their parents.A little boy may be so attached to his mother that he wants to kill his father, but at the same time loves his father and is ashamed of his thoughts.These mixed emotions are difficult to accept, so they are forgotten in the subconscious, only to reappear in disturbing dreams.

It was hard to believe that one could become blind or speechless as a result of childhood experiences, so Freud's discovery was attacked from all sides, but he also found a steadfast and loyal friend.Many believe he has finally found a way to unravel the mystery of human consciousness, thereby helping the afflicted.He found the answers to many of life's great questions.

He became a world celebrity and taught talk therapy to others.His influence on modern art, literature and science is immeasurable. Whether writers, playwrights, painters, or school, hospital and prison staff, all learn from this great man who discovered the road to the human subconscious. to something.

Not all of Freud's ideas are embraced by society today, but those who followed his path teach us a lot about ourselves.Because of him, and them, those who were once called "lunatics" now have hope like never before.

Exercise
True or false:

1.Freud believed that dreams come from the subconscious mind.

2.The subconscious mind is full of memories and emotions.

3.If a person is crazy, or mentally disturbed, we can only let it go.

4. Another name for "confidential therapy" is "psychoanalysis."

5.Many feelings are forgotten in the subconscious mind, only to resurface in disturbing dreams.

1．yes　2．yes　3．no　4．yes　5．yes
(End of this chapter)