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Chapter 31 Nature's Wonderful Nature (1)
01 Animals Know all kinds of animals
Animals with a backbone are called vertebrates. Animals without backbones are called invertebrates.
Mammals are vertebras have hair and nearly all of them breathe through their lungs. Female mammals produce their own milk to feed their babies. The blood of mammals stays about the same temperature all the time. Mammals are called warm-blooded animals.
The elephant is the largest land mammal. However, the whale is the largest of all mammals and the shrew is the smallest.
In addition to mammals, you studied about birds, fish, and insects. Birds migrate long distances. The Arctic tern migrates from the Arctic to the Antarctic, a round trip flight of 22 miles (000 kilometers). Some birds migrate at night, others by day. Some travel alone, others in flocks.
No one knows except the Creator just what instinct is or how it guides birds and animals in such distant trips. We only know that both birds and animals have what is called instinct and use it in ways that we cannot understand.
The instinct and special senses that God has given birds, insects, and animals are wonderful gifts that help to protect them. The bat is a good example. Although this little mammal cannot see very well, it flies by means of a built-in type of “radar.” This built-in system keeps the bat from hitting objects. It also helps it to fly at night when many insects are in the air. The bat needs the insects for food.
The green turtle is another living example of instinct. Instinct guides this reptile long distances through ocean water back to the little island where it was born.
Bees belong to the insect family. Like most insects, bees have three pairs of legs and four wings. The worker bee's hind legs have an area called “pollen baskets”. These “baskets” carry pollen from the flowers to the hive. Only one queen bee is in a hive, but there may be as many as 75 worker bees. A few male bees, called drones, take care of the eggs so they will hatch. The worker bees keep the hive at an even temperature of 000 ° Fahrenheit (95 degrees Celsius) in order to keep the food supply cool. Bees also send out scouts to locate pollen. When the scouts return, they perform a dance to show the workers which way and how far they should go in order to get pollen.
Man has realized that some species of animals are in danger. He has formed wildlife sanctuaries to protect certain kinds of animals that are in danger of becoming extinct. People are trying to get wildlife to return by providing habitats for the animals. thickets, weed patches, and marshes undisturbed so that wildlife will return. These wildlife refugees may help prevent more animals becoming extinct.
Vocabulary
backbone ["b? kb? un] n. spine, spine, main force, backbone, backbone, perseverance

Vertebrate ["v?: tibrit] n. Vertebrate
Invertebrate [in"v?: tibr?t] adj. Invertebrate;

n. Invertebrates

Mammal ["m? m? l] n. Mammals
whale [hweil] n. whale, whale

shrew [? ru:] n. shrew
migrate [mai"ɡreit] vi. migrate, move to
tern [t? : n] n. Three groups, terns

instinct ["insti? kt] n. Instinct, nature, intuition

bat [b? t] n. bat, racket, hitter, bat

reptile ["reptail] n. reptiles, reptiles

pollen ["p? lin] n. pollen
hive [haiv] n. beehive, hive, bee colony, noisy area

drone [dr? un] n. Unmanned bees, those who do not do their jobs and depend on others for their livelihood, buzz;

vi. to hum

hatch [h? t? ] vt. & vi. Hatching, hatching, breaking out of the shell;

vt. Secret planning;

n. trapdoor, hatch

Scout [skaut] n. Scouts (machines, ships), scouts, reconnaissance;
vt. & vi. looking for, reconnaissance

Sanctuary ["s??kt?u?ri] n. sanctuary, holy place, shelter, refuge
Extinct [iks"ti?kt] adj. extinct, extinct, shattered
patch [p? t? ] n. Patch, patch, blindfold, spot, small piece;
vt. make up, repair, solve

marsh [mɑ:? ] n. Swamp, wetland

refuge ["refju: d?] n. Refuge (place, place), shelter

Practice
Write true or false.
1. Bees keep their hives at an even temperature of 110 degrees to protect their food.

2. Drones in a beehive have no work to do.

3. Bees called scouts communicate by means of a dance.

4. Worker bees have a basket on their hind legs to carry pollen from the flowers to the hive.

5. A drone is a male honeybee.

6. A bird refuge is a place where birds can fly to for protection.

7. Some people are becoming interested in keeping animals from becoming extinct.

8. Farmers are draining swamps and marshes to provide a habitat for wildlife.

9. Extinct means no longer existing.

10. A sanctuary is a place that animals should avoid.

11. A habitat is a place where an animal or plant would naturally live.

12. Instinct is a mysterious guiding force within animals which scientists do not fully understand.
Translation
Animals with a backbone are called vertebrates, and animals without a backbone are called invertebrates.

Mammals are hairy vertebrates, and almost all mammals breathe with lungs.Female mammals feed their young with their own milk.The blood temperature of mammals is always maintained constant, it is called warm-blooded animals.

Elephants are the largest land mammals, while whales are the largest and shrews are the smallest.

Besides mammals, you also know about birds, fish and insects.Birds migrate long distances as the seasons change.Arctic terns migrate from the Arctic Circle to the Antarctic Circle, a 22-mile (000-kilometer) round trip.Some birds migrate at night while others migrate during the day.There are also birds that migrate alone, while others migrate in groups.

No one but God knows what instincts are or how they guide birds and animals over long distances.We only know that both birds and animals have what are called instincts and use them in ways beyond our comprehension.

The instincts and special senses God has given to birds, insects and animals are wonderful gifts to protect them.Bats are a good example. Although this tiny mammal cannot see clearly, it uses a built-in "radar" to keep itself safe and avoid bumping into things.It also enables bats to fly in the dark, where many insects stay in the air and bats need these insects for their food.

The sea turtle is another example of the instincts that guided this reptile on its distant journey across the ocean to the island of its birth.

Bees belong to the insect family, and like other insects, bees have three pairs of legs and two pairs of wings.Worker bees have an area on their hind legs called "pollen baskets," and these "baskets" carry pollen from flowers to the hive.In a hive, there is only one queen bee, but there are more than 75 worker bees.There are a small number of male bees, called drones, who care for the eggs they hatch.To keep their food supply fresh, worker bees need to maintain an average temperature in the hive of around 000 degrees Fahrenheit (95 degrees Celsius).Bees also send out scouts to find pollen sources, and when the scouts return, they perform a dance to tell the worker bees where to find the pollen source and how far away it is.

Humans have realized that some species are endangered, so some wild animal protection bases have been established to protect those endangered animals.Humans also bring wild animals back to nature by providing them with an environment similar to their living habits.Humans have left some bushes, weedy areas and swampy areas undisturbed so that wild animals can return to live there.These wildlife sanctuaries may prevent more animals from becoming extinct.

Exercise
True or false.

1.To protect their food, bees maintain an average temperature of 110 degrees in their hives.

2.Drones in the hive are useless.

3.Bees called scouts communicate through dance.

4.Worker bees have a basket on their hind legs to carry pollen from flowers to the hive.

5.Drones are male bees.

6.A bird sanctuary is a place where birds can fly for protection.

7.Some people are starting to focus on endangered animals.

8.Farmers inject water into swamps and wetlands to provide a suitable habitat for wildlife.

9.Extinct means not to exist anymore.

10.A sanctuary is a place that animals should avoid.

11.A living environment is a place where animals and plants can grow naturally.

12.Instinct is a mysterious guiding force within animals that scientists can't fully understand.

1. false
2. false
3. true
4. true
5. true
6. true
7. true
8. false
9. true
10. false
11. true
12. true
02 Community ecological community

When we think of communities, we usually think about cities and towns where people live. However, the biologist thinks of communities as environments where plants and animals live together. Each living thing has its purpose and place in a community.
(End of this chapter)