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Chapter 36 Different types of family financial planning (1)
Three sets of classic family financial planning solutions

The economic conditions of the three types of families are different, so when formulating a family financial management plan, it should be carried out according to their own situation and income level.

[-]. Low-income families: steady investment
Zhang Xin is 28 years old this year. She and her husband are ordinary workers in the same private enterprise, with a monthly household income of 25 yuan.Over the years, the two have lived frugally and saved 5 yuan in savings. Because of the pressure on family expenses such as house purchases, children's education, and parental support in the future, they want to seek relatively stable investment methods with relatively high returns.

The financial planner suggested: Ms. Zhang’s family income is not too high, her financial management concept is traditional, and her ability to bear risks is poor. The family’s financial management requirements are relatively stable. It is advisable to use 40% of savings, 30% of national debt, 20% of bank financial products, and 10% of insurance. 10% of the portfolio.Savings account for the highest proportion, which supports the safe appreciation of family assets; national debt and bank wealth management products have relatively high returns and are also very safe; although the ratio of insurance is only 10%, it plays a significant role in protection. Misconception that rich people are suitable for buying insurance. In fact, this is a big mistake. If the money is too much to spend, the family will not care about the insurance claims even if there is a risk.Families with low incomes have lower ability to resist risks. In case of an accident, the [-]% insurance will play a considerable role in helping the family tide over the difficulties.

Due to the low income of the family, the ability to resist risks is relatively weak, and it is not suitable to choose high-risk financial products. It is recommended to appropriately increase bank financial products, principal-guaranteed funds and other products to increase returns.

When the family income is not high, it is necessary to prevent financial cut-offs or financial shortages when accidents occur, so it is also necessary to purchase some insurance products to avoid the risks of accidental injuries or diseases.

[-]. Middle-income families: exchange risks for benefits

Liu Xiaoyun is 34 years old this year and works in personnel management in a listed company with a monthly income of 30 yuan. Her husband is a civil servant and her 8-year-old daughter is in the second grade of elementary school. Her monthly income is 60 yuan and her family savings are 10 yuan.Their goal is to save money so that when their children go to high school, they can apply for a good education in key middle schools in big cities such as Beijing and Shanghai. Therefore, they want to maximize the value of their family wealth with moderate risks.

The financial planner suggested: Ms. Liu's family belongs to a middle-income family. Both husband and wife have relatively stable jobs and good benefits, so they can bear certain risks.A portfolio with 40% savings, 20% bonds, 20% RMB wealth management, and 20% fund or stock investment can be used. 40% of savings, 20% of bonds, and 20% of RMB wealth management are relatively safe financial products; 20% of open-end funds or stocks are risky investments. If these investments have high returns, they will increase the investment of the entire portfolio income.In the event of a risk, the impact on the overall investment of the family is not too great.

[-]. High-income families: Reluctant to let their children fall into the trap of wolves
Liu Min is 38 years old and works in direct selling. Her husband is the vice president of a company. Her family income is 2 yuan a month. Ms. Liu has a car and a house, and has savings of 30 yuan. burden.Because the husband and wife are both engaged in business-related work, with flexible thinking and certain investment experience, their wish is to maximize the value of their existing savings.

The financial planner suggested: Ms. Liu belongs to a high-income family and has a strong ability to resist risks. She can adopt an investment portfolio with open-end funds accounting for 50% and real estate accounting for 50%.This combination feels a bit all-or-nothing.But the risk is always directly proportional to the return. If the venture capital is properly invested, the return will be quite considerable.Although the net value of open-end funds has fallen, long-term holders of funds such as E Fund Stability and Harvest Growth can still achieve considerable average returns; real estate is still attractive as an investment method suitable for high-income families. The housing price is moderate, and if you choose a good location for medium and long-term investment, the annual rate of return will reach more than 10%.

Family financial management cannot be stereotyped, and it is necessary to decide how to manage financial management according to each individual situation.For high, medium and low families, they should formulate appropriate financial management plans according to their respective economic conditions, do what they can, and manage money flexibly.

The key to financial management for working families is long-term investment

The annual income of Ms. Wang and her husband is about 8 yuan, which is relatively stable.Although Ms. Wang has invested in stocks, she paid tens of thousands of yuan.As for how to plan financial management, Ms. Wang is still going by feeling.

In terms of insurance, Ms. Wang bought 5 shares of Ping An Hongli for her son, accident insurance (375 yuan/year) and 20 yuan/year of getting rich for her husband.In addition, I also bought 6 yuan of national bonds (3-year period), and I have 14 yuan in bank deposits.

Both husband and wife have medical insurance, pension and provident fund.Currently they live in a 60-square-meter housing reform house and want to improve their living environment; they plan to buy a car later.Ms. Wang asked, how should I manage my income to realize my dream?
Financial Advice:

(1) The client's existing house is a house reformed house, which should be located in the city center. Although the area is small, considering the advantages of convenient transportation, convenient life, many brand schools around and the current economic strength, you can wait a few years Afterwards, the rise in housing prices slowed down and the family had a certain financial foundation before buying a house (if the rental yield exceeds 55%, the old house can be rented out, and the rent can be used to offset the loan, otherwise the old house can be sold), and a car can be purchased.

(2) Both parties of the client have medical insurance, pension and provident fund, the job should be relatively stable, and they have purchased more appropriate types of insurance.The husband’s Zhifu Life is universal life insurance, plus accidental injury insurance, the insured amount is about 30 yuan, which can basically meet the needs; the son’s Ping An Hongli 50 yuan is a savings dividend type, which is returned every three years. If possible, it is recommended to switch For education insurance; considering that the wife is also the main source of income for the family, it is recommended to purchase accident insurance with an insured amount of 30 yuan.

(3) Under the premise of perfect guarantee, the investment of the remaining funds can be considered.The customer purchased 6 yuan of 3-year treasury bonds, which can obtain stable returns higher than bank deposits. In view of the current upward trend of interest rates, short-term bank RMB wealth management products can be selected after the maturity of treasury bonds to reduce the risk caused by interest rate hikes. hidden interest loss.

The client still has a bank deposit of 14 yuan. Under appropriate circumstances, he can purchase a trust product of 10 yuan under the advice of the bank's wealth management manager (the current annual yield of two-year trust products can reach more than 55%); There is still a part of investment, you can consider gradually converting this part of stocks into stock-type open-end funds to enjoy the benefits of expert financial management, and gradually invest the remaining 4 yuan in stock-type open-end funds.

The income of working families is relatively stable, and financial management should focus on long-term planning and overall planning.Decision makers of family financial management need to set clear goals according to the needs of each stage of the family, such as building a house within 5 years, buying a car within 10 years, retiring at the age of 60, and hoping to maintain a monthly consumption level of about 20 yuan after retirement.

Financial Planning for the "Moonlight" Family
The 25-year-old Chen Ying is proficient in foreign languages. After graduating from university three years ago, she worked in translation and other work in some units. Now she takes on some translation business at home and becomes a free SOHO family.The income level is fairly stable, ranging from 3 to 40 yuan per month.My husband works in sales, and the monthly salary plus various subsidies is about 50 yuan, but because I have not been in this unit for a long time, I have not received the 50 yuan bonus every quarter.

At present, they live in the husband's house provided by their parents. The property rights are in the hands of their parents. There is no pressure on the house payment. They only need to pay a property management fee of about 1 yuan per year.The monthly cost of clothing, food and transportation is about 16 yuan, water, electricity, coal, Internet access, and self-paid phone bills are about 5 yuan, and daily necessities are about 3 yuan, which means that the basic living expenses are about 24 yuan.At the same time, my husband especially likes to take photos and often has to print them out. He also likes small things such as DVD/VCD discs. These consumables cost 4 yuan a month.Both of them like to buy books and newspapers. Hardcover magazines such as "National Geographic" and "Show" are their regular purchases, and they spend 4 yuan a month on these spiritual food.In addition, regardless of winter and summer, they will go out to swim together once or twice a week, and the cost of the round-trip taxi will cost about 5 yuan.Chen Ying occasionally has minor illnesses, and the monthly medical expenses are about 1 yuan.In addition, I usually buy some gifts for my parents, and buy some gifts for friends’ birthdays, etc. The cost of this kind of expenses is about 3 yuan per month.In total, their monthly living expenses exceeded 40 yuan.

"Moonlight clan" can use the following eight coups to save money.

[-]. Planned economy

The monthly salary should be carefully planned, which places need to be spent and which places need to be saved, and 1/3 or 1/4 of the salary should be included in the personal savings plan every month, and it is best to handle zero deposit and lump sum withdrawal.Although savings account for a small part of wages, in the long run, there will be a lot of money in a year.Saving money can not only be used to buy some big-ticket items such as computers, but also can be used as personal "recharging" expenses such as study and travel.In addition, you can make a "personal financial statement" for yourself every month. For large expenditures, see if the overspend is reasonable. If it is unreasonable, you can make adjustments in the next month's expenditure.

[-]. Try investing

While consuming, it is also necessary to form a good sense of investment, because investment is the best way to add value.It is advisable to make corresponding investment plans according to personal characteristics and specific conditions, such as stocks, funds, collections, etc.This "diversion" of funds can help you curb your spending habits.Of course, it should be reminded that it is advisable to make small investments when you have insufficient experience at the beginning to reduce investment risks.

Three, make friends
Your social circle greatly affects your consumption.Make more friends who don't spend money randomly and have good spending habits, and don't just make friends who take careless consumption as fashion and chasing famous brands as a face.Blind comparisons regardless of one's actual consumption capacity will only lead to a "fiscal deficit". Reasonable consumption should be made according to one's own income and actual needs.

When interacting with friends, don't blindly establish a "generous" image among friends for the sake of face, such as competing to pay for dinner and entertainment activities, this will often make yourself into embarrassment.The best way is for everyone to take turns to sit on the bank, or to implement the "AA" system.

[-]. Self-restraint

Most young people like to go shopping, and it is often difficult to control their consumption desires once they go shopping.Therefore, before going shopping, you must first think about what you will mainly buy this time and the approximate cost. Do not bring too much cash, and do not use cards for consumption at will.Be aware of it, and don't shop blindly, buying things that are not practical or temporarily unusable, leaving them idle.

[-]. Improve the art of shopping

When shopping, you must learn to bargain, shop around, and try to get what you need at the lowest price.This is not "stingy", but a mature consumption experience.It is a good shopping opportunity when merchants change seasons and discounts, but one thing to pay attention to is to buy some generous and easy-to-match clothes, and don't make them empty.

[-]. Less participation in lottery activities
Promotions with prizes, lottery tickets, lottery draws and other activities can easily stimulate people's chances of luck and make people have a "gambling" mentality, making it difficult to control their desire to spend money.

Seven, pragmatic love

In adolescence, love is a big expense.Men and women in love always want to further stabilize their relationship with flowers, gifts, or going to hotels, coffee shops and other places, especially men, who are particularly concerned about "face" in front of their girlfriends, even if they are shy .But don't think that the more money you spend, the more you can represent your feelings for your lover. Building a relationship on the basis of money will make you financially stressed in the long run, and at the same time, it will also make the other party feel pressure and affect your judgment on love.In the event of a breakup, even if there is no economic entanglement, the party with more "investment" will suffer greater economic losses.Don't ask for expensive and flashy gifts for your lover, you should consider the other party's preferences, needs and your own financial ability.

[-]. Don't be greedy for fun

Most young friends like to play and socialize. Proper play and socialization are necessary, but there must be a degree. After work, don't waste time on mahjong tables, movie theaters, and dance halls.Playing is not only depressing, but also easy to consume money.You should cultivate and discover your own strengths and interests in many aspects, work hard to start a business, and accumulate more earning ability and capital while consuming.

For the "Moonlight" family, the focus of financial management is to restrain one's consumption desires, to spend as little as possible, to spend as little as possible, to plan the monthly salary well, except for necessary expenses, Set aside a fixed portion for savings plans, and then make appropriate small investments according to your financial situation and risk tolerance.

Financial Planning for "Zhun-DIK" Families
Both Mr. Zhang and Mrs. Zhang are 30 years old and have a postgraduate degree. Mr. Zhang is engaged in construction supervision work, and Mrs. Zhang is a college teacher. They have been married for two years and have no children.The distribution of family assets is as follows: Mr. Zhang and Mrs. Zhang have deposits of 6 yuan each, stocks under their names of 6 yuan and 2 yuan respectively, total assets of 20 yuan, and no liabilities.Mr. Zhang's monthly income is about 45 yuan, and Mrs. Zhang's monthly income is 55 yuan. Currently, she has no house of her own. Her monthly rent is 10 yuan, and her monthly living expenses are about 30 yuan.Both husband and wife pay a monthly premium of 5 yuan each for a 20-year term life insurance, both of which are insured at the age of 29.All units pay "three golds".Both husband and wife are good at investing in themselves and have multiple certificates.The expected income growth rate is expected to be higher than that of the average peer.The average growth rate is expected to be 5%, while the savings rate can be maintained at 50%.

Mr. Zhang's family has an average monthly income of 1 yuan, an annual surplus of 6 yuan, and a savings rate of 50%. The family has no debts, and the financial situation is still good.However, the profitability of assets is not high, and 60% of assets are distributed in low-yield deposits; at the same time, the current asset allocation is too single, with only deposits and stocks in asset allocation, and the earning assets are all concentrated in stocks, and the risk is too concentrated.Moreover, although they are currently living in a chic world for two, in the next few years, various family affairs will come one after another, and the burden on the family will be very heavy.

The financial planning of "Zhun Dink" families can start from the following aspects:
[-]. Build a family emergency fund
The amount of the emergency reserve fund should take into account the possibility of unemployment or disability and the time to find a job. Considering that the jobs of Mr. Zhang and his wife are relatively stable, the standard is to prepare the total fixed expenditure for 3 months.Although the family currently has a monthly expenditure of 50 yuan, but in the near future they will face childbirth expenses and monthly housing loan payments. It is recommended to prepare an additional 20 yuan per month for excess expenditure to establish a family emergency reserve fund: 70×3=210 yuan.

1 yuan is deposited in bank current savings to maintain its liquidity, and the rest is purchased from money market funds or highly liquid RMB wealth management products, taking into account the return on assets while maintaining liquidity and safety.

[-]. Purchase plan

Mr. Zhang’s family plans to buy a house in three years. The current housing price in the city center is at a high level. It is understood that the construction of the subway in the city where he lives has been put into urban planning, which will bring great convenience to transportation in the future. It is recommended to buy the suburbs. around the house.At present, housing prices in the suburbs are stable and rising slightly. Judging from the housing price growth rate of 3%, the total house payment will be about 60 million yuan in three years.The 2% down payment is 3 yuan, and the balance is 764 million yuan for a 30-year mortgage. Based on the loan interest rate of 23%, the monthly supply and demand is 534 yuan.According to the financial situation of Mr. Zhang's family, after three years, the annual income balance will increase by 20 million yuan, and the annual income will reach 551 million yuan per year.The accumulative value of the balance investment in the previous 3676 years plus the existing interest-earning assets of 3 yuan can be used as the down payment and decoration expenses.

[-]. Planning for child rearing and education funds

It is recommended that the childbearing expenses after two years be withdrawn from the family emergency reserve fund.According to statistics, half of the current Chinese household expenditure is spent on children.Therefore, the child's upbringing and education costs cannot be ignored.With the trend of self-funding of higher education and privatization of primary education, this cost will increase more and more.Assuming that the tuition fee growth rate is 3%, a conservative estimate that a child receives public school education before going to college, and the university and graduate students spend 1 yuan a year, the present value of a child's education expenses needs to be at least 11 yuan.Calculated with an expected return on investment of 5%, the annual savings must reach 7886 yuan (681 yuan per month).Education costs are a long-term expenditure, especially higher education costs, but considering that it can take a long time to prepare, you can make some relatively long-term investments with relatively high returns to increase the rate of return on funds.

[-]. Insurance planning

The insurance needs of Mr. Zhang's family can be analyzed from the perspective of will law.The basic goal of insurance planning is to ensure that the family can quickly restore or maintain the original economic living standard in the event of an unexpected situation on the side of the source of income, the family's cash flow will not be interrupted, and the living standard will not change greatly.The calculation of the reasonable insurance needs of Mr. Zhang and his wife shows that the amount of life insurance Mr. Zhang should have is negative, and Mrs. Zhang’s is 135 million yuan.The couple currently have term life insurance of 20 yuan each.From the figures, there is a phenomenon of Mr. Zhang taking out more insurances.Considering that the nature of his work is in the construction industry, it is recommended to purchase accident insurance of 10 yuan and term life insurance of 10 yuan. According to his physical condition, he can consider purchasing critical illness insurance and medical supplementary insurance.Mrs. Zhang has a stable job, and her university’s medical insurance and other benefits are sound. Considering that the cost of living will increase greatly after the birth of the child two years later, the type of insurance and the amount of insurance currently insured do not need to be adjusted.

[-]. Retirement planning

(End of this chapter)