warring states careerist

Chapter 129: Half a Year Old
The change of public land tax to private mu tax is actually to change labor land rent into land rent in kind.

For the entire Song State, this required a series of changes, because endowment was not just food, but also the military system reform brought about by the corresponding change in military obligations.

extremely difficult.

If only the public land tax is changed to a private mu tax, the food can be collected the same, but the original military mobilization system will also collapse and it will be difficult to adapt.

The public land is not only owned by the monarch, but also by some nobles. Those farmers need to fulfill their feudal obligations to the nobles.

This kind of change didn't care about Song Gong who was far away in Shangqiu, but cared about the local minor nobles.

Many reforms in the Warring States Period did not actually fully touch the interests of the nobility, but on the premise of retaining the interests of the nobility, the income of the nobility's labor land rent was changed into land rent income in kind.

The public lands owned by nobles within the fiefdoms were transformed into private lands of nobles, which were then leased and operated for profit.

If this kind of change is more productive and currency transactions are more popular, it is easy to develop employment-based agriculture.

In "Han Feizi", a similar scene was mentioned.

A husband who buys a servant to sow the tillage, a master who spends money on the family and eats delicious food, and a man who adjusts the cloth and asks for money is not a love of servants. He said: If this is the case, the plower is deep, and the heir is familiar with the cultivation.The servants worked hard and worked hard, and those who happened to be right in the fields were not lovers, and said: "If the soup is so beautiful, Qian Yiyun is also."This is why his cultivation skills are as good as that of a father and son.And those who adjust their minds to use them all rely on their own minds."Therefore, if a person behaves with giving and giving, with benefit as the heart, the more people will be at peace, but with harm as the heart, father and son will be separated and resentful.

Han Feizi also talked about interests.

And the definition of interest is exactly the definition of interest in the "Mojing".

Benefit: If you get what you want and you are happy, it is a benefit.Its harm is also not true.Harm: To have what is right but to do evil is to do harm.Its benefits are not true.

It's just that, as one of the philosophers, Han Fei must also have a venomous tongue, and he has also used his venomous tongue to evaluate the Mohism.Like Mozi's attitude towards Confucius, he admires himself very much, but is extremely opposed to their ideology.

It is said that Mozi's level is so high and his methods are so many, why does the king of Chu not use him?Han Feizi made up two stories, saying that Uncle Qin once married his daughter to Prince Jin, but as a result, Prince Jin liked the dowry concubine but did not like Uncle Qin's daughter; Asking for a jewelry box but returning the orb... Mozi is such a problem.

Han Feizi believes that Mozi's methods are very high and his skills are very good, but he mistakenly regards Mozi's righteousness as jewelry, and his own ability as a jewelry box; As Qin Bo's daughter, Yi regards your ability as a dowry concubine, but in fact, people only like concubines and don't like the princess you think is important... The king values ​​your ability, not your morality.

Buying a tree and returning pearls was used by Han Feizi to poison the Mohists; waiting for a rabbit was used by Han Feizi to poison the Confucianists.

What he said in this story was that the landlord fed the hired workers well and settled the wages quickly, not because of kindness or love for the hired workers, but because the hired workers would work hard.

Hiring workers to work hard for the landlord is not to love the master, but to earn money.

He is the first Zhu Xia No. 1 to show this kind of interest concern to the world nakedly. Compared with the harmony and love between the benevolent landlord and the tenant advocated by the feudal lords of later generations, he does not know how much higher it is.

This kind of story is a reflection of the commercial nature of agriculture.

These lands must be land close to the city walls, so they can be supplied to the city to turn the harvest into commodity circulation, thereby making a profit.

Moreover, those engaged in these industries are likely to be some people born in the city. They do not have land, and the handicraft industry is restricted by agricultural production, which makes it difficult to obtain high profits and cannot accommodate so many practitioners, so they rent out their own labor to cultivate the land.

It is already obvious what kind of business model this is.

These people who own a lot of land probably didn't reclaim it by themselves.

It should be that during the reform process, the aristocrats were tacitly allowed to occupy the original public land, and the public land was naturally transformed into the private land of the aristocrats. Under the premise of private ownership, the labor serfs were transformed into hired labor to obtain surplus value.

This is progressive.

This kind of thing can also be used in Peiyi. The current contradiction is not the annexation of more people and less land, but the old system of serf public land hampering the development of productivity.

Wei's expectations are not only the expectations of the common people, but also the expectations of some down-and-out aristocrats, or those who have transformed from the original labor-rent aristocrats to the emerging landlord class.

Mohists must have a supporting and representative class to do things.

And the main body of this class should be an alliance of owner farmers, new landlords, private handicraftsmen and merchants to fight against the old blood aristocracy and the nearly thousand-year-old tradition of Zhuxia aristocracy.

It is no longer possible for the old blood aristocracy to continue to rule as usual; the emerging landlord class merchants and handicraftsmen are still under the oppression of the old blood aristocracy's old rule, and they continue to expand and have a certain amount of power; and groups representing their demands have been organized.

Nothing seems to be missing.

Thinking of the upcoming period of opportunity, Shi didn't shy away from anything, and said directly: "Since everyone is looking forward to this, let me talk about it first, and see if you can agree."

Wei nodded hastily, and talked eloquently, trying to speak as plain and easy as possible, and Wei was not difficult to understand.

The original public land plus mu tax is one-fifth of the total, the so-called tithe tax.

Only talk about taxes, not about the grassroots level of the military organization under the old organizational form.

This is calculated according to the old yield per mu, which is a quota, even less than the quota, because the harvest quantity of public fields is often much lower than that of private fields.

Break the public land system, and only move towards Song Gong, dismantle all the public lands of the public office into private fields, and distribute all the taxes receivable in these public lands to the private acres, keeping the original tax rate unchanged.

Part of the local area still has the old big clans in the hands of the Mohists, and they will get rid of them once the time is right; those who are willing to accept the new land system and are willing to spontaneously transform into emerging landlords to profit from real land rent and leasing or operating agriculture The rich families recognize their private parents.

Those economic crops such as cotton should be given priority to those emerging landowners, and at the same time, they must find ways to popularize new planting technologies in various countries, increase the total market circulation and promote the development of commodity exchange.

Let those emerging landlords in Peiyi feel profitable, and spontaneously choose to operate instead of scattered leasing, forcing the existing slave farmers who leased their land to either be forced to leave and be organized by the Mozhe to reclaim new fields, or become Employed farm workers.

The spearhead of resentment is directed at those emerging landlords who are profitable, and they voluntarily refuse to allow leases but choose to operate. It seems that they are not forced by the Mohists.

As for the vast majority of farmers under the village communal system in Peiyi, they basically followed the direction of self-cultivating farmers, dividing the military tax from public land into their private acres and turning the tax into tax.

Whether it will be successful or not now depends only on whether the Mohist will do it or not. Once the Chu people go north and start a new round of Jin-Chu hegemony, the great nobles of the Song Dynasty must have no intention of governing the affairs here.

Increase the yield per mu, improve some farm tools and planting methods, change from one crop per year to two crops per year, and maintain the original fixed tax amount, then farmers will still benefit after all, and they will support it as long as they make it clear.

It's just that this kind of support can only be based on trust for the time being, so the wheat harvest this time is particularly important.

Shi roughly finished speaking, and then said: "This matter is not considered a secret matter. Tell me, if I said this method after you harvested wheat in Shangqiu a year ago, would you agree?"

The Shangqiu village community a year ago is exactly the many village communities in Pei County now.

Wei knew that this matter was very important, so he put down the wine bowl cautiously, carefully pondered over the memory of a year ago, recalled the thoughts of a year ago, and nodded after a long time: "I will agree. Shi, you don't know that Dongmai treats us How important it is. Not to mention the delicious food, the original [-]-acre land was divided into three-year rotations. Now, if you follow the methods you mentioned to grow beans, alfalfa, and wheat...as long as the tax remains the same, How much more will each family charge?"

Wei's careful consideration did not mean that he was between agreeing and disagreeing at that time, but just felt that the words of the appropriate question were very important, so he had to think carefully.

He knew that the Mohist would definitely not just ask him when he had to make a decision, but he also knew the general will that the Mohist always talked about, and he was considered a part of the general will, so it was necessary to express his own thoughts.

Shi smiled and asked again: "So... what are you willing to pay for this? Look at the cocoons on your hands, it is for the harvest. If you want to get the harvest, you will have cocoons... For these private parents, I'm afraid There must also be a different kind of 'cocoon'."

Wei also laughed and said, "It's nothing more than death. I will always have a son."

The two looked at each other with a smile, touched the wine bowls, and drank them all in one gulp.

Putting down the wine bowl, he laughed and said: "Since I have said this, I might as well tell you. According to the rules, it is impossible for you to go near Tengxiang. After you go back, you can first talk about my thoughts. Actually, I don't It is said that the township and pavilion will also talk about it after the wheat harvest, but your village community can talk about it first.”

"Not everyone voluntarily dies for all these things, but when this person really needs to die, he can't escape. When we die, don't you want to live like that when we die?"

Wei's alcohol was already on the rise, and his chest thumped and he said, "I am willing. If it is really necessary to die to benefit the world, I will not run away..."

Speaking of these passionate things, he actually forgot about the reed flower that he wanted to ask before. Wei's face turned red from drinking, and Shi said something else, so he wanted to send him back to sleep.

The person who didn't want to look like a businessman suddenly reached out to help, and asked seemingly unintentionally, "Aren't you the secretary of the Mohist?"

Listening to this man's words, Shi knew that this man should also be a person of some culture, because he called Shi Zi and asked rhetorical questions in the honorific title of Zi, which was not the habit of farmers in Peixian County and the height he could reach.

This is not a question, just a way of saying hello.

After the businessman asked, he introduced himself, saying that he was originally from Jin, and his name was He.

Although he is not an aristocrat, because he is a businessman, his social status is higher than that of a farmer. Because he was born in Jiaoyi, Jinzhi, outsiders can call him Jiao He.

This is also the habitual naming method of merchants at this time, which originated from the two idols of merchants at this time, Fan Li and Yi Dun.

Fan Li lived in Taoyi and made a fortune. He named himself Zhu, which originally meant a kind of pine and cypress.Later, because he settled down in Taoyi, everyone called him Tao Zhu, which means that a person named Zhu in Taoyi was given the public name after it developed.

The original name of Yidun was Dun, and later it developed in this place of Yi, so later generations called it Yidun.Just like Tao Zhugong, the place Yi came into existence first, and then the name Yi Dun came into being.

Those who dare to be businessmen these days are extraordinary people.

Mozi said that at this time, people often kill people, throw poisons, and rob money. At this time, being a businessman is a high-risk occupation, especially for businessmen who came here from Jindi.

Shi Shi didn't care if the person's identity was true or false, Pei County was already like this, there were more people coming and going, and it didn't matter if they had their own goals, anyway, everything was public, and some things couldn't be learned even if they wanted to.

Shi asked a few more questions about what kind of business this person does, and Jiao He replied with a smile: "In the past, when Lord Yidun was in Lu, he would always be hungry when farming and cold when mulberry... Afterwards, he learned business skills from Duke Tao and Zhu, and he lived far away. Went to the north of Shanxi, gradually multiplied from a few cows and a few horses, and became a rich man in 20 years."

"Cows and horses can reproduce, and rice seeds are planted in the spring and harvested in the autumn. It is the same method. I have heard that the Mohist treasures the absence of famine in the world, so they named a grain Moyu. Even the Mohist think it is a treasure. , this is the treasure that businessmen can profit from, but they don’t know much about it.”

(End of this chapter)