warring states careerist

Chapter 439
Before talking about it, I said that I should not judge it based on the criterion of benefiting the world and benefiting all people, but the tall man couldn't help but say those words after all.

The most hypocritical hypocrisy is better than evil.

Because the existence of hypocrisy means that good has defeated evil and has become a standard in people's hearts, so it is necessary for hypocrisy to appear.

The reason is the same at this time, because the theory of Mohism has spread too widely, and Confucianism has not yet been integrated with things such as the five elements, destiny, yin and yang in Jixia Academy, and cannot be accepted and promoted by the ruling class. At this time, the only prominent school in the world has only continued for 20 years The development of Mohism.

Precisely because the Mohist school has become the only prominent school, some of the Mohist's criteria for evaluating good and evil, right and wrong, have inadvertently affected the criteria for evaluating politics by people all over the world.

Therefore, a tall man cannot justly say that he is doing it for his own self-interest in front of Solucan, because he has been influenced by these theories.

Solucan, however, abided by the previous principles, shook his head and laughed and said: "You have already said it before, and I don't judge you based on this, and I am not here to criticize you today. It's just that I want to say that everything must be done in accordance with the will of heaven. If you don't talk about advantages and disadvantages like this, you will hinder the increase of the total wealth of the world after all."

These things have already been defined with the spread of the "Mojing", and the saying that labor creates wealth has become quite popular, especially wealthy business landlords, businessmen, and handicraftsmen strongly agree with this.

Because only these reasons are correct, can merchants, handicraftsmen, operating landlords, and workshop owners justifiably oppose the occupation and privileges of the nobles over the land.

The ass determines the head, and the interests determine whether to believe it or not. At this time, the view that labor creates value is exactly what these big businessmen, big workshop owners and emerging landlords are willing to believe.

The tall man has been thinking about how to refute the Mohist theory from the root after he argued with others last time. Combining these years of thinking and knowledge, when Suolucan mentioned the total wealth of the world today, The tall man finally thought of a rebuttal.

So he asked: "So Lushen, the principles of the Mohists can be summed up in four words."

"Tao follows nature."

"You think that people's experience, rationality, reasoning, and summarization can know the laws of nature, the laws of the world, and the laws of rise and fall. Only by knowing the laws and following them can the world benefit. Is that so?"

Suo Lucan felt that this was true, nodded and said, "That's right."

The tall man laughed and said, "Then, if your inferences about some principles are wrong, is it true that the guiding laws are wrong?"

So Lucan asked, "What law is wrong?"

The tall scholar said: "It is wrong to say that labor creates wealth."

"Land, crops, and farming are the only things that increase the sum of wealth in the world, labor is not."

"Wealth is things, and the source of things is not commercial traffic but production. Therefore, the production of wealth means the creation of things and the increase in their quantity."

"You think that business and industry increase social wealth. In fact, it is wrong."

"For example, the handicraft industry does not create matter, but only changes the combination and the form of the original things in the world."

"For example, a lump of mud, you can make clay pots. But, has anything increased in the world? That clay pot is made of mud, and the clay does not increase when it is made into clay pots. This is the change that was originally The form of some things cannot be called an increase.”

"For example, a kite. This kite is nothing but a recombination of cloth, bamboo, and cotton. You can make a kite, and you can also use these cloth and bamboo to make a sieve. So, this is a combination of things that have changed. , nor can it be called a thing that increases the world.”

"As for Shang, let alone, he didn't create anything, he just changed the original place and time. You can't say that there are more things in the world."

When the tall man said this, he was already excited, and felt that the victory was already in his hands, and it was time to take advantage of the victory and pursue it.

This is an economic point of view. Its origin is the "farm family" that appeared in the Warring States Period. It is essentially an exploration of the principles of heaven and earth, and it is also a theoretical basis that emphasizes agriculture over business under the premise of "Tao follows nature".

After thousands of years of development, this economic point of view reached its peak before the French Revolution and formed the school of Physiocratism.

The basis for the existence of the school of thought is that industry and commerce did not increase the total amount of "things" in the world, and that handicrafts essentially changed the form of existing things, or changed the combination of things that already existed in the world.

The tall man once said that if he wanted to refute the Mohist theory, he had to get rid of the fire from the bottom of the pot. What he said today seems to be able to solve the root cause.

Since he wanted to pursue the victory, he raised his voice, looked into Suo Lucan's eyes and said, "Industry and commerce have not increased the world's existing things, but only farming has increased the world's existing things."

"I plant one seed in the spring, and I can reap a hundred in the fall."

"I raised a calf in spring, and the calf grew and gained weight in winter."

"But business and industry are not good. If you make clay pots, you can't increase the amount of clay, but change the original shape of clay. A pound of clay made into clay pots is still a pound, and it hasn't increased."

"That's why I said that the only way to increase the wealth of the world is farming. Therefore, judging from your so-called sum of wealth in the world, what we did in Qin is also correct."

After finishing speaking, the tall man looked at Solucan with a smug look on his face. He felt that Solucan could no longer refute.

If this cannot be refuted, then some policies of the Mohists are not in line with the "will of heaven", at least the inferences are wrong.

As a result, the Mohist policy itself was defeated by the Mohist morality of "the will of heaven is the rule", which is a circle that cannot be circumvented.

It seems that the only way to refute it can only be solved from the perspective of whether "the will of heaven is the rule" must be reasonable.

And this statement, at this time, sounds like there is really no way to refute it.

In fact, this school of thought was not completely abandoned until the rise of "The Wealth of Nations" and the Ricardo school in later generations.This involves a series of long, philosophical and economic polemics.

However, Solucan smiled lightly and said, "You are wrong."

"Have you read the latest 'newsletter' of the Mohist School? Shishang let a big cloth bag carry people up into the air with the help of hot air, proving that air can be classified into serious and serious. He did some more 'experiments' ’, proving that the air around is not empty, but has substance, but you and I can’t see it.”

"And there was an experiment before, which proved that the growth of crops requires turbid air in the air. The turbid air is produced after the burning of Yang Qi and charcoal, and it can make clear lime water cloudy."

"You have also followed Juzi for some years, and you know that Juzi said back then that things that cannot be seen may not exist. For example, his old man's research on sound believes that sound exists, but he cannot see it, and it can affect water vibrations and From this, we made a 'listening urn' that listens to the enemy digging the wall while defending the city."

"I was in the far west, and I heard a man named Democritus say that he believed that everything in the world is made up of atoms, which is similar to what Shi said in recent years."

"Farming needs water, fertilizer, and air, but not soil. This is also proved by the crop 'experiment' a few years ago."

"So, farming itself does not increase the number of 'things' in the world, but only changes the shape and combination of things. It consumes water, fertilizer, and air, and turns them into fruits."

"It's just like what you said, if you think that people who knead pots and burn pottery didn't increase the things in the world, then the 'things' you're talking about are not big things like pots and mud, but tiny atoms things."

"Then, isn't planting and farming the same as kneading pottery and firing pottery? Changing the shape and combination of those atomic objects, turning air, water, and fertilizer into food, is there any difference from kneading pottery?"

"So, you still have to read those newspapers more, don't make assumptions and think that you know the will of heaven again!"

The tall man stood there in a daze. He usually read the Mohist newspaper, but he was too busy this time, so he didn't have time to read it.

He also knew that Suo Lucan was cunning, but he did not lie when it came to moral disputes, so he couldn't help but feel helpless.

Seeing Suo Lucan's face showing a mocking expression, asking him to read more and study more, his face blushed immediately, and he said in a low voice, "This... this..."

Solu said with a smile: "You, if you want to refute these things from the root, you need to prove one thing. It is not to argue by means of debate, but you just need to prove that air has no weight, that air is empty, and that crops cannot grow. Just consume water and fertilizer."

"However, Juzi also said that in the past. The same thing, either or not, cannot be both yes and no. This is the most basic principle of Mohist knowledge. You don't understand this, do you?"

"Now that 'yes' has been demonstrated, it is impossible to be 'wrong' at the same time, so you cannot refute these principles from the root."

"Do you think that the 'news' that has lasted for more than ten years is just to make people in the market feel magical and like a trick?"

"It's not in vain that you studied with Juzi for many years. Although you rebelled against ink 20 years ago, you should not forget those principles. A clay pot is a clay pot, and clay is clay. You cannot say that clay is a clay pot. "

"If you think that clay is clay pots, then you can think that food is water, fertilizer, and air."

"You have even forgotten the basics of Mohist debate, so it's no wonder that you forget the righteousness of a giant and seek personal gain."

After saying these words, the faces of the two people on the opposite side turned even redder, and they lowered their heads not daring to look at Suo Lucan.

Suo Lucan sighed and shook his head, and said, "Mohism's knowledge has been perfected now. If you criticize them with these imaginary knowledge, isn't that just like hitting a stone with an egg as the giant said back then?"

"Either way, you don't want to talk about benefiting the world and the rules of heaven. You do this for your own selfish desires, but you want to talk about benefiting the people and the rules of heaven. Aren't you humiliating yourself?"

"You guys, this is fleeing on the battlefield, but you don't know how to be ashamed. Instead, you insist on saying that running away is a kind of heroism. This is the ridiculous thing!"

After a few words, the two couldn't refute, and they were speechless.

Mozi once said that the essence and origin of all things in the world are interlinked.

In a sense, there is nothing wrong with this sentence, especially in this debate in which Solu participated.

Natural science, philosophy, and economics complement each other to some extent.

Just as the foundation of the Physiocrats back then was the belief that agriculture is the only human activity that can increase the "things" of the world.

The complete downfall of this school originated from the publication of "The Wealth of Nations" in 1776. After Ricardo's labor theory of value was carried forward, there were no followers at all.

However, this school may not have appeared originally, because Lavoisier proved that "mass conservation" was in 1777, and it would not be until 100 years later that it was truly developed and perfected, and accepted by the world.

If the theory of mass conservation appeared hundreds of years earlier, then the foundation of Physiocratism would have collapsed, because under the macro-concept and micro-concept of mass conservation, agriculture did not increase the "things in the world", so the material basis of this school would not exist.

Things that can be refuted by economic concepts can sometimes be refuted by natural science. The trend of thought in the world is so magical, and often this kind of refutation is a fatal blow, drawing the fire from the bottom.

Abstract thinking must originate from the material foundation. This is an unchangeable truth. When the material foundation changes, some theories have become imaginary before they have been developed, and cannot be accepted by scholars all over the world.

The system of the world must also come from the material foundation, which is an unalterable truth.Therefore, the Mohists have been quietly changing the foundation of the world these years, using iron tools, cattle, and gunpowder to disintegrate the material foundation of the existence of Shiqing nobles, waiting for the foundation of the world to mature, and then doing what they want to do.

Do it slowly and wait for it to flow.Instead of digging a canal and waiting for the water to come.

Now the water is not big enough.

And this water is gradually rising, just as the trend of thought such as natural science, equality and fraternity originated from the foundation of the "Renaissance", since there is a renaissance, it must be known that there was annihilation and extinction before the renaissance, so it can be called "renaissance". prosper.

Now the land of Zhuxia is also the time when a hundred schools of thought are about to contend. If it has not been annihilated, why should it be "resurrected"?

(End of this chapter)