warring states careerist

Chapter 507
Meng Sheng, who was kneeling beside him, heard Wei Rang's words, and a smile appeared on the corner of his mouth. He was eloquent in discussing the world, and now the Mohist school is the leader.

With a smile on his face, he secretly said in his heart: "This person will let him enter the guard!"

This kind of debate has been carried out countless times within the Mohist school. Meng Sheng listened to Mozi, Bian 54, Shi and others for more than ten years. He only heard the beginning and guessed the end.

Sure enough, Wei Rang laughed a few times, and when the scholar didn't know why, he suddenly said: "In this way, dividing the land and granting the people, the great benefits of the people, the great benefits of the people, this is the principle of nature's creation of man, this is the principle of heaven. Zhi. Then, this kind of principle can be practiced without the consent of others, so what’s wrong with it?”

Hearing the words, the scholar knew that he had been caught in a trap. He blushed and said, "You say it's the will of heaven, it's the will of heaven? You say it's nature, it's nature? Why?"

Wei Rang smiled, and said slowly in a victorious attitude: "How can we say this? This is deduced bit by bit from the nature of all things and the creation of man from heaven and earth. Do you need me to tell you? How did you infer it?"

The Nashi people also know these theories, and their theories are so seamless that they cannot be refuted, at least for now.

But he knew that he couldn't admit defeat at this time, and said loudly: "Heretics may not be right. We don't recognize your righteousness! Your reasoning!"

"We also said that there is a difference between high and low in the world, that princes have states, and officials have families. This is the way of heaven. If this is the way of heaven, your inferences are all wrong."

Wei Rang laughed, walked up to the crowd, stretched out his hands to them and slowly raised them, and asked: "People of the country! Do you think that everyone is the same as the minister of heaven? Is it the way of heaven? Having a home is the way of heaven?"

The people in the audience had neither a country nor a family, and they were still common people, born inferior.

Wei Rang stirred up everyone's emotions, and everyone shouted: "Everyone is a minister of heaven, everyone is equal, this is the way of heaven!"

The scholar sneered to himself amidst the tide-like shouts.

After everyone's voices subsided, he cursed in his own sneer: "What do you people know about the way of heaven? It's just because you believe that the way of heaven is beneficial to you, so you believe in it."

"What you are seeking is not the way of heaven, but profit! What a villain! What a villain! There are thousands of people, but there is no gentleman. This is the way of destruction!"

Wei Rang also sneered and said: "You think that there is a difference between high and low, and that it is the way of heaven for a doctor to have a family. Aren't you doing it for profit?"

"But it's all for profit. You are gentlemen for profit, and we are villains for profit?"

The scholar blushed and cursed: "Villain! Villain! I'm doing it for righteousness! I'm doing it for the way of heaven! I'm not doing it for profit!"

"I am for the virtues of the Xia! If there is no virtue in the world, there is no high or low in the world, how is this world different from animals? How is this world different from barbarians?"

But no one below would listen to his words. Ximentu in the crowd shouted and cursed loudly: "Get off, you say it's for virtue and Taoism, but when it comes to dividing your land, you show your arrogance." Tails. You are doing it for profit, if today we say that the way of heaven is the difference between high and low, you can squat down and lick my words!"

Kui also cursed loudly: "Profit is righteousness, and righteousness is profit! You have your righteousness, and we have ours."

The scholar laughed back angrily, and retorted: "You said that in ancient times, ten people had ten righteousness, and a hundred people had a hundred righteousness. Why didn't your righteousness be practiced in the world? Because your righteousness is wrong, and our righteousness is right! This Can't it prove that the foundation of your righteousness is wrong? So all the ways of heaven you have introduced are wrong."

"History has proved that your righteousness is wrong. People in the world have chosen different righteousness, which is right!"

Aoi cursed loudly: "Fart! It was just that you won and we lost before! Now, we won and you lost, and you have to abide by our righteousness!"

More and more people shouted, and someone in the crowd shouted: "If they don't obey, use muskets and copper cannons to make them obey!"

"Go away! You silverfish!"

"Don't say you are doing it for the righteousness of Zhuxia. The difference between animals and humans is also for profit. We are for profit, we admit it, but you still want to give your Li'an a good name."

"You are not even as good as the prostitutes! The prostitutes still know that they are prostitutes for profit. You have become prostitutes yourself, but you say that you are for the benefit of the people. This is your virtue!"

"Get off!"

"Go back to your fief!"

"It turns out that you won, now we want to win back what we should have!"

The Mohist theory of the unity of righteousness and benefit is prone to major problems, which is what Mozi said in ancient times, when ten people had ten righteousness, and a hundred people had a hundred righteousness.

Magnified to the whole world, this means that one class has the righteousness of one class, and ten classes have the righteousness of ten classes. If the righteousness is different, the reason will be different.

Chickens and ducks are talking, the reasoning here is based on things like everyone working equally to create wealth; the other side is based on the difference between high and low.

Since even the foundations are different, no oral argument can lead to results.

Mozi said:
The debater will distinguish between right and wrong, judge the discipline of chaos, clarify similarities and differences, examine the truth of names and facts, deal with interests and resolve suspicions.How to imitate the nature of all things, and seek the comparison of words.Use names to give facts, words to express meaning, and words to tell the truth.Take by kind, give by kind.If you have yourself, you don't want others, if you don't have yourself, you don't ask others.

There must be some basis for debating this kind of thing.

For example, this animal, everyone said it was a horse, and then someone pointed to a fish and said that this is a horse, and then said that it can be proved: horses live in water, have gills and fins.

It cannot be said that what this man said is wrong, but people in the world think that what he thinks of as a horse is called a fish, so he is right in terms of what he defines, but people in the world think that what he said is wrong.

Then either don't debate with such a person, or force the world to be synonymous. There is a unified standard for what is a horse and what is a fish, and then we can debate who is right.

Now this situation has reached a situation where even the basic "righteousness" and "Tao" cannot agree with each other, and it is meaningless to argue with the mouth.

Amidst the yelling and cursing one after another, Xu Ruo, who was originally angry, finally breathed a sigh of relief, and muttered: "That's right. For profit is for profit, why do you have to say it so nicely, saying that it is for the way of heaven, for the sake of propriety, for the sake of virtue, for the sake of The world? Isn’t it good for everyone to talk about their personal interests? What do you think you people are pretending to be righteous? Isn’t it because of your little land closure and feudal rights?”

Meng Sheng shook his head with a smile, thinking that the size of the world and the size of Fei country can really be seen at a glance.

If he is an unparalleled debater, why would he fall into such an obvious trap?
Meng Sheng thought, today you shouldn't talk about virtue, righteousness, and benefit, and you shouldn't talk about villains seeking benefits, and gentlemen seeking righteousness.

I also thought that when I joked that those rotten nobles were professional revolutionaries, it was really interesting.If all the nobles kept noble virtues, all the nobles observed propriety, and all the nobles loved everyone, I am afraid that even if it is not in line with the will of heaven, the situation like today will not exist.

In the chaos, people's emotions became more and more agitated, so that after a sage like Wei Rang, who was recognized by the people, waved his hand to signal the people to be quiet, the noise continued for half a quarter of an hour.

When the people were quiet, Wei Rang took out a piece of paper from his arms, ignored the angry scholar next to him, and said to the people: "People of the capital of Fei, the trial just now has some It makes sense."

"The division of law is naturally determined by man. The law determined by man must use nature, the will of heaven, and the way of heaven as the rules to measure good and evil, and to measure whether it can become law."

"We have our righteousness, and we stand here together precisely because we believe we have the same righteousness, the same interest."

"Today, we should decide what our righteousness, the nature, will, and way of heaven we recognize look like. Take this as a constitution, and then we can formulate written laws and implement them to benefit the people of the world."

"People, we believe that it is because of the ignorance, ignorance and contempt of the way of heaven, the will of heaven and the principles of nature that the princes, princes, officials, and peasants and businessmen of the world are ignorant, ignorant and contemptuous of the principles of heaven and nature. , the sole cause of Kyushu's misery."

"Therefore, it is decided that today, we will discuss, vote and agree to present the principles that are natural, endowed by the Emperor of Heaven, eternal, and knowable."

"So that this principle can constantly remind the people of the world of their rights and obligations; so that the actions of law-making and governance; so that the good and evil of the world's laws can be evaluated; so that the world's system can be compared with this to measure whether it violates it; so that the people of the world In the future, we can make various demands based on simple and indisputable principles; in order to benefit and enrich the people of the world..."

"First, we should admit that people, regardless of age, high or low, are all ministers of the Emperor of Heaven. Since the Emperor of Heaven, everyone is equal."

"Secondly, we should admit that heaven and earth create man, and man exists in heaven and earth. It is human nature to seek advantages and avoid disadvantages. Under equality, everyone has the right to live, everyone has private property ownership enough to survive, Everyone has the right to pursue a better life. If the sky does not want people to live, it will not live people but life and death. Because the sky lives people, the right to live is the power bestowed by the emperor of heaven..."

"Thirdly, we should admit that labor has created the wealth of the world. All activities that require hands or minds, including farming, crafts, merchants, transportation, exchange, management, smelting, casting, etc., have created the wealth of the world, and this is The only means consistent with the Will of Heaven to acquire wealth."

"Fourth, we should admit that in ancient times, righteousness was not the same, and everyone was chasing profit so that the world was in chaos. Based on the above three principles, the people of the world gave up part of their power to the public, chose wise men as sons of heaven, The second wise are the princes and even the ministers and officials."

"In other words, on the basis of equality for all, it is to protect the right to life of the majority of people in the world, to ensure that the majority of people in the world can use labor to earn a living, to ensure that most people in the world can use labor to seek wealth and interests, and to ensure that they are The wealth and private property acquired by Tianzhi will not be plundered by others... etc., all under heaven can be established as a country, and the country arises from this to govern the people, and the country is produced with the consent of the governed."

"Fifth, we should admit that, based on the above four points, the laws of a country are the expression of the will of the entire nation. The principle of decrees should be to measure good and evil according to the above four points. In view of the various rights granted to the people by the Emperor of Heaven, decrees have The right to prohibit actions that endanger the interests of all people in the world."

"Sixth, we should admit that it is a crime to harm the innocent, but to commit a crime. There is no act that is prohibited by the law, and no one can force people to do anything that is not required by the law."

"Seventhly, we should admit that the protection of everyone's rights, the implementation of the law, and the prohibition of actions that harm the world require the sword of restraint and the person who holds the sword. This includes the army, officials, etc. These are for the benefit of the people It was not established for the benefit of the individual.”

"Eighth, we should admit that in order to maintain the sword of restraint and the person who wields the sword in Article [-], taxes are indispensable. Taxes should be shared among all citizens equally according to their abilities, including the amount of land, property The share of the income, the wealth of the annual income, etc., rather than collection based on the number of people, and unreasonable collection or tax exemption based on bloodlines that are not in line with the will of heaven..."

(End of this chapter)