warring states careerist

Chapter 66: Multiplied Effects of Skill Specialization

In the Spring and Autumn period, the so-called state had six positions: princes, scholar-bureaucrats, hundreds of craftsmen, merchants, farmers, and weavers.

In the era when government-run handicrafts were the mainstream, there were very few private handicraftsmen, and management was easy.

What kind of handicrafts you want to make is directly in charge of the government-run industry and catering officials.Special craftsmen are responsible for manufacturing everything from wheel bows and arrows to copper and tin weapons, and even luxury jadeware, glass beads and crystal cups.

Only with the gradual disintegration of this system and the development of social productive forces, many private handicraftsmen appeared in big cities.

Shi's elder brother belongs to a typical private handicraft industry and is not directly under the jurisdiction, but still needs to pay various taxes.There was no right to grant land, and originally there was no right to serve in the military, but since the scale of the war expanded decades ago, handicraftsmen are also required to serve in the military.

This is a great test for the rulers of various countries. The system of the old era cannot be copied, and the system of the new era has not yet been perfected.Administration and taxation have never been an easy task.

Cities are cities, and there are cities and cities.

A city is not necessarily a city, especially the cities in the Spring and Autumn Period, which were developed by sucking away the agricultural products from the surrounding Jingtian villages and concentrating the surplus wealth of the society in the cities.

The emergence of handicraftsmen, the construction of roads in various countries, the emergence of currency and the exchange of surplus products made the city finally change from a full-time ruling castle to a real city.

But new problems have also emerged.When the handicraft industry was profitable, a large number of people "changed jobs", from farmers to handicraftsmen and businessmen.

This problem has already appeared during the time of the Five Hegemons, which is why countries hope that "fathers and sons will succeed each other and work from generation to generation."

On the one hand, a large number of farmers are needed because of the war.

On the other hand, it is also because private craftsmen are not well managed.Taxes, military taxes, military service, and labor are not as easy to manage as farmers trapped on the land.

More officials and a higher level of governance are needed to manage self-cultivated farmers and handicraftsmen, but not so high level and so many officials are needed to manage land grant farmers.

The State of Song did not have such comprehensive management skills, so while collecting monetary taxes on various handicraftsmen, it also collected military taxes in kind.

For example, a carpenter who makes wheels may need to pay a wheel every year; a cobbler who makes leather may need to pay part of the carapace every year.

This is all for the needs of the war, it is a tax, not a tax.When necessary, these people will be recruited for special production.

This is not a comprehensive tax, but a professional tax, so it is difficult to promote the development of commodity exchange.

Guan Zhong’s policy in the Qi State was to collect in-kind gifts from rich merchants and nobles. For example, those who held a hundred bonds in their hands had to pay a carriage.It not only increases the military tax, but also promotes the development of the handicraft industry, and can also promote the prosperity of the market and the exchange of commodities.

The state of Song is completely different, only collecting professional in-kind gifts.It is impossible for a carpenter who makes a wheel to buy a wheel and hand it in, and it is impossible for a leather craftsman to buy some armor and hide for it.Although the military tax was collected, the development of the handicraft industry was curbed.

Song Gong should not be stupid, but Qi Huangong has the right, ability and army to collect taxes from small nobles and rich merchants;

Of course, the consequences of Qi Huangong Guan Zhong's actions were also cruel.Not to mention the big fights and small fights of Tian's kindness to attract peasants to flee, the official, mountain and sea and transfer policies were not implemented in Tian's fiefdom at all. They borrowed the power of merchants and small nobles to strangle Qihou's money bag, and also got the small nobles and With the support of wealthy businessmen, many coups gradually seized power, and Jiang Qi was over.

It is a dream to expect Song Gong to reform.

Dreaming is not good, so you have to face reality. Mozi said that it is a problem, and it is indeed very serious.

Without solving the in-kind endowment, it is impossible to hire those craftsmen to specialize in certain things.

There are seven craftsmen for attacking wood: wheel, yu, bow, hut, carpenter, cart, and catalpa.If you are a private craftsman, you should be able to work as a carpenter's mill, but if the types of work are too scattered, it will be difficult to complete the payment of the tax in kind.

After thinking about it for a while, he asked, "I heard that Mr. is good at making carriages?"

Mozi didn't humble himself either, and said with a smile: "Compared to making a car, although I am old and my hands are stiff, there should be no one in the world faster than me."

Shi Bian said: "Then this matter is not unsolvable. We only use those craftsmen who are related to making cars for woodworking. There are many people who divide the work and help each other to benefit from each other. It may take a month to complete the endowment. If we benefit from each other and divide the work, it may be completed in ten days."

"In the name of Mr., with the sound of the ax and the jin, it is not difficult to gather the car, public opinion, and wheel workers near Shangqiu. People seek profit, and we build a mill with a hundred times the profit. Sharing the profit and letting them earn more than at home Many, of course."

Among the seven craftsmen, Yu is the carriage.Needless to say, carts, wheels, and bows.Carpenter is a builder; Lu is a house builder; Zi is a carpenter's tool.

Car, bus, and wheel are enough, and the rest are basically useless.

Shi also explained a little bit, now the Mo family has some gold in their hands, and they also have their own machine-making workshop.

No one is in charge of the Mohist's tool-making workshops, and no one collects taxes.Just produce all kinds of weapons for defending the city in such a grand manner.In the past, the Song Dynasty kept its promises, but Song Gong didn't care; the big nobles were unwilling to provoke them; the small nobles and officials couldn't afford to provoke them.

The machinery workshop is complete with all kinds of tools, which is far more efficient than those small handicraftsmen, and the Mohists also have the ability to manage production, and the concentration of people in production can improve efficiency.

Mozi thought about it for a while and said, "They are not Mohists, so what should they be called?"

"Craftsmen's Association. Those who meet together are of the same kind. It was said in "Che Gong" that there is a meeting of the same kind. Originally, I wanted to use the name "Association of Craftsmen", but the word Huitong cannot be used together unless the emperor is the emperor, so I used the name "Craftsmen's Association."

In different eras, whether the same thing is progressive or reactionary is totally different.The guilds are progressive until the productive forces develop to such an extent that the guilds impede the further progress of the productive forces; when the productive forces develop to the level of the free wage factory system, the guilds are reactionary.

With the current level of productivity, the Mohists are able to organize carpenters' guilds or other craftsmen's guilds.

It can not only improve production efficiency, but also serve as the reserve army of the Mohists. Before Shi Shi joined, the main force of the Mohism was urban handicraftsmen.

After the appearance of iron tools, new technologies can be quickly spread through guild organizations.The speed of technological innovation is faster than the speed at which guilds decay and form interest groups.

With the appeal of Mozi and Fu Jujin in the carpentry industry, it is easy to form such a guild.Unless Gongshuban is revived, no one can compete with him.

As for the next step of infiltrating the guild organization after the formation of the guild, that's another story.

It also happened to give the Mohists who acted secretly, an identity that was publicly covered.

The weak management ability and centralization level of the Song Dynasty could not control the Mozi at all. If the Mozi had no discipline and strictly prohibited them from taking care of those aristocratic coups, the wooden door of Mozi might be smashed by the nobles in three to five days. piled up into mountains.

It doesn't matter to the Song Dynasty, but it is a bit difficult to directly use the identity of the Mohist to go to those countries that have already begun to try to reform and centralize power.

This matter is not related to the righteousness of the Mohists, so according to the procedure, there is no need for Qiwuhai to gather to discuss it, as long as these people who are in charge of making the mill make a decision.

After reporting the pros and cons, Ax Jujin said: "I think it's okay. Get together and divide the work. It won't take long for these people to pay the taxes. After finishing, you can follow us to build the mill, otherwise there will be insufficient manpower. It’s extremely difficult to do.”

"Furthermore, if this guild is formed, skills can also be exchanged. Mister's skillful use of all things in the world can also be learned by more people. Although I am not as good as Mr. Muzi, I still have some skills. It is also possible to teach these people."

Mozi made some calculations and said, "Zhong! That's the way to do it. But it's still a good time to do it. Axe and Jujin and I are busy making utensils. Although you have a clever mind, you can't do it because you can't do it You secretary, you seem to have no specific job, but you have to be busy with everything."

Shi hurriedly said: "If Xingyi is to build the city of Paradise, I will be a piece of mud for Xingyi, and I will move it wherever it is needed. Since the disciple chooses to stay in the Mohist family, he will naturally have no regrets. The more he does, the more he can do righteousness. "

Mozi listened to the words of what to use and where to move, smiled and shook his head slightly, and asked Shi to fetch the bamboo slips, and wrote the order of the giant to let Shi be responsible for this matter.

Sign your name on the bottom of the bamboo slips and hand them over to Zao Mie Qisui for safekeeping, then let go and concentrate on thinking about things that are suitable for painting or talking on the ground that sound good for the world.

This is the first time that as a real Mohist, he is in charge of a matter assigned by the giant.

　In Zhao Jianzi's famous speech of the Duke of the Army, "all peasants, businessmen, and businessmen will succeed." It can be seen that industrialists and merchants also had to fulfill military obligations at that time.The situation of each country is different. Qi's hometown of industry and commerce should not have to perform military obligations, but must perform military logistics obligations.Qi State's policy of officials, mountains and seas has had side effects so far. Not to mention the complaints, under the impact of a large number of private industries, the official business is difficult to support, which seems to have always been the case. .Mozi often speaks in dialects such as whether he is right or not. If I remember correctly, hunger means hunger. It seems to be a dialect in Qingdao?Is Zhongbuzhong a Henan dialect?Either Mozi spoke in dialect all day long, or the disciples who later compiled the Mohist Classic spoke in dialect.

　　
　
(End of this chapter)