warring states careerist

Chapter 69
The appropriate answer made Xiaosheng think about it for a long time, and he praised: "You always have deep meaning in what you do, which is beyond my reach."

Zao Mie Qisui held the bamboo slips with several people's names on it and said: "Of course you are not as good as him, but you are also not as good as me. When Shi asked me to write down the names of those people, I guessed it. Sure enough, Shi said That's right, if you want to do righteousness, you must first know what the righteousness is, and then you can know whether what you are doing is in line with righteousness."

"For example, this matter is all words of mutual benefit, and it is also for the great benefit of the world. It does not fall into the righteousness of my Mohist school at all, and it can broaden the hearts of everyone."

"Just like knowing that I want to go to Chu, I don't necessarily have to go south first. Maybe I want to go west so as to avoid the turbulent Huai River, and then go south... Only when I know the purpose, can I know that what I do is beneficial. The world is still harmful to the world."

Xiaosheng rarely refuted Zaomi Qisui's words, but nodded in agreement, which caught Zaomi Qisui by surprise and almost let the bamboo slip in his hand fall to the ground.

Seeing that he was about to speak again, he hurriedly said: "Follow me back to see Juzi first, and report this matter to you. Qi Sui, you go ahead and tidy up the bamboo slips first, and Xiaosheng and I will go directly to Mr. .”

…………

More than ten days later, the Mohist was in the workshop in Shangqiu, full of enthusiasm.

The workshop is in the city, and there are many open spaces in the city, and there are even many vegetable fields and farmland.But at this time, the land in the city was already extremely expensive. Being able to have such a place in the city showed that the Mo family was deeply rooted in the Song Dynasty.

After Su Qin developed in later generations, when his sister-in-law bowed to him, he once sighed with emotion: If I had two hectares of land on the edge of the city, how could I work hard to be the seal of the six countries?So I spent all my money to motivate myself to continue working hard.

It can be seen that the land in the city is expensive at this time.

The layout of the city at this time was in accordance with the layout of "officials are near the palace, industry and commerce are near the city, and common farmers are near the door".

The workshops of the Mohists were used to defend the city, and they were far away from the city, not close to it, and far away from where the craftsmen lived.

At this time, the bazaar was already very developed, and no longer according to the "Zhou Li" hundreds of years ago, only a man could live in a big city.In a city like Shangqiu, if there is only a market for one man, it will be crowded to death, let alone a huge city like Linzi, which is said to raise its sleeves like clouds and wave its sweat like rain.

The bazaar is almost the same as the later generations, and everything that the later generations should have is now available.

"Warring States Policy, Qi Policy" once had the words "going to the market for divination", which proves that there were stalls for fortune-telling at this time, which is called a long history; The words prove that there were also dried meat sellers in the market at this time; "Zuo Zhuan" once had the words "Jin captures Qin spies and kills them in the market", which proves that at this time the embryonic form of beheading at the entrance of the vegetable market also existed.

Not to mention the existence of those slaughtering pigs and dogs who always hide assassins and swordsmen.

It is this kind of situation where the business and food officials are broken, and the city is no longer just a castle that exploits the land tax and labor rent around it, so that these handicraftsmen who have gradually become powerful can use the method of covering their identities in the city. The basis for the development of secret ink scholars in each big city.

These private carpenters in Shangqiu joined the craftsmen's association one after another because they knew that the market could benefit from a wide market, and they also gathered in this Mohist's city defense equipment workshop to divide labor and cooperate.

They exchanged their skills with Fu Jujin in the morning, and they were busy together in the afternoon, making spokes, hubs, axles, etc. according to their division of labor.

There is a fire inside, and the wood is bent by steam or high temperature, and it is used as a part of the wheel.

It's not just the temperature that's hot inside, but also the atmosphere of the crowd.

In just over half a month, the number of military Fus completed has far exceeded what each person can make in [-] days, and there is a wooden master like Mozi here, so I have learned a lot.

In the past half a month, Mo Zi, Fu Jujin and some Mo students who learned carpentry have already made the model of Xiaoshui Pai.

By properly solving the crank, connecting rod and belt transmission problems, the remaining water wheels, horizontal wheels, rotary drums and other components are not difficult at all in the hands of such carpenters.

Water Pai was created by Du Shi during Emperor Guangwu of the Han Dynasty, and there is no insurmountable technological gap from this time.

The principle is to use the water flow to drive the horizontal wheel to rotate, and then drive the small wheel, and use the crank and connecting rod to change the rotary motion into a lateral reciprocating motion.

By changing the link mechanism, it can be used for grinding, and it can also be directly used to pull the bellows to blow air in the future.This is the power system. As for what kind of hydraulic machinery is connected, that will be a matter of the future.

The day before yesterday, I tried it at a non-freezing stream outside the city, and the effect was good. It is no problem to use it to push the millstone to build a hydraulic mill.

It is still necessary to continue to try to turn the model into a real thing, but it is not difficult to do it after the specific direction and principle are clarified.

After making this thing, Mozi was very happy. According to those disciples who had followed Mozi for a long time, he was even happier than when he was competing with Gongshuban many years ago.

Perhaps in Mozi's view, this is something that is of great benefit to people.He is also the most professional carpenter, and he often makes bellows leather for defending the city. How could he not know that this thing can be used in smelting?
After being happy, Mozi thought about the two small things that Shi said, and they were even simpler things in Mozi's view, but no one thought of them.

One is a double-wheeled carriage.The second is a unicycle.

At this time, the carriages were all single-shaft.The front choke and harness are in the shape of a T, and the horses must be in pairs. On both sides of the T, the carriage in the back is pulled by the cross bar in the middle.

Horse-drawn carriages were originally needed for war, so many horses were needed to pull them.On the other hand, during the Spring and Autumn period, productivity was insufficient, and those who had carriages had cattle and horses, not bad for this horse, and ordinary people did not have cattle or horses.

But now many merchants, craftsmen, and farmers close to the city also need some horse-drawn carts, the simpler the better, most of them cannot afford a cart with more than two horses.

A wheelbarrow, convenient to use on the impact plain like Shangqiu.

People who can’t afford horse-drawn carts and ox carts can save a lot of energy by pushing a wheelbarrow in the city, and the cost is not expensive. There are no bearings and all the shafts are dry-grinded. If there are more of these things, the city will have the creaking movement that the city should have. .

If fleeing from famine or migrating in the future, having a wheelbarrow can be regarded as a unique tragic scene in the yellow flood zone in the future.

It is hoped that after the appearance of this wheelbarrow, it will only benefit people, and will no longer become an indispensable thing in those tragic memories.

Mozi was already too lazy to praise Shi's wonderful ideas, and even didn't even bother to say such things as how clever the thing was. Instead, he and Shi discussed some technical and principled issues.

He studied the movable pulley and the fixed pulley, and the research was quite thorough, so he took the opportunity to talk to him about some things that need to be named by Mozi himself in the "Jing Shuo".

Mozi also has the basics of mechanics, so I followed Mozi's logical direction and discussed some simple mechanics problems, starting with pulleys and wheels.

Mozi studied the fixed pulley quite deeply: he called it the "rope system". Under the fixed pulley, if two things are equal, they will be in balance; One is heavy, the light one must be placed on the slope, and the gravity of the other end is greater than the friction of the heavy object on the slope, so this will happen...

Shibian first said: "Mr. Sai's method of making ropes is called a pulley by Mr. Sai. Mr. Sai once said that there are two types of pulleys, fixed and moving."

After a little talk, Mozi understood the difference between the two kinds of pulleys: moving and fixed.

"Sir, the fixed pulley, the length of the rope you pull will lift the weight. The force of the pull is equal to the force of the weight, isn't it?"

Mozi nodded and said, "Yes. As you mentioned, you need to pull twice as many ropes to lift the same distance, but the effort is also saved. This is the same as the technique of taxidermy."

The specimen is Mozi's explanation of the lever.The power arm is called the mark, and the resistance arm is called the book.

Shibian said: "Since this is the case, then to pull a stone of corn to a height of two feet, the fixed pulley needs one stone to pull two feet; the movable pulley needs half a stone to reach four feet. Multiplying the two is always the same. So I thought, The number that can be multiplied is called work.”

When Mozi heard this title, he didn't violate any agreement, nodded and said: "The ancients said that merit is determined by labor. Labor, strength and time. This name is very good."

Shi hurriedly said: "Since this is the case, it can be said that the pulley does not save effort or effort, and the moving pulley saves effort but does not save effort. It is also like pushing an object on ice, and pushing an object on the ground. The weight and length are the same, but the work is different. Then The intelligibility is also different."

Mozi likes to define some things, and even tries to give a clear definition of many things in the world.

Such as time, space, circle, force, harm, benefit, optical principles, etc. This habit of liking definitions is very interesting and useful... In fact, the foundation of geometry and physics is also the definition, at least to distinguish the weight and quality.

Debate seems useless, but in fact it is very useful. Without a philosophical foundation, it is impossible to define quality, a concept that also belongs to philosophy and not just physics.

Since he is still alive, he must be induced to define some things, which must be mastered by future Mohists.

Mozi didn't know what Shi was thinking, so he looked down at the unicycle that had already been made, turned the wheel upside down, and heard the creaking sound, as if he had pondered some problems.

After a long while, he didn't know what he wanted to understand. He hadn't heard Mo Zi's praise these days, and finally heard Mo Zi's praise again.

"Shi, you have made something that is on flat ground and saves effort and labor compared to carrying it on your shoulders!"

Just as he was about to thank Mr. for his compliment, he was completely stunned when he heard Mozi's next sentence.

"You not only have knowledge and skills, but also know the technique of making specimen ropes. Have you ever learned the theory of light and shadow? I once said that shadows do not move. The birds are moving, but the shadows do not move. In fact, the original shadows have disappeared, and the new ones Immediately the shadow of the bird reappeared instead of the shadow of the bird moving."

"I look at the Tongjian water mirror and know that light travels in a straight line, but how fast is the light so that our eyes can't see the shadow disappear and reappear?"

"If our eyes can see very fast things, what is the moment of disappearance and formation of shadows like? If a bird flies high and I go down for the light, will the shadow still be on me? I And can I see the shadow of the bird? If the shadow is not on my body, I should not be able to see the shadow, but the bird is indeed blocking the sun in the sky... This is a question that I have been thinking about for many years."

When Shi heard this, he shook his head hastily, expressing that he didn't know.

It's not that he pretended not to know, but he really didn't know. How could his half-bottle of water know what happened to the disappearance and reappearance of shadows under the condition of light speed.

Just like the well-known debate question at this time, whether the arrow is still or moving at a certain moment after it flies, is something that people like him cannot explain.

It's a philosophical question at this point, and he's not good at it.And this question represents the Mohist view of time and space and the continuity and inseparability of time and space, which cannot be explained clearly in a few words.

Mozi sighed and said: "So, it is unimaginable before you have experienced some things. I have deduced the paradise you mentioned dozens of times, and it is all in line with the appearance of those things you mentioned. Therefore I believe you must have seen those real objects, otherwise it would be like the question I just asked, if it is not for the light, it is difficult to think clearly about the shadow that is as fast as light."

"According to your theory of the Nine Layers of Paradise, people in the time of Yao and Shun must not have imagined the city at this time. When King Wu entrusted Zhou Gong and set the ceremony, he must not have imagined the world at this time. Therefore, there is no principle of change, only the principle of change. What appears to be unchanged actually has a premise.”

"Truth needs to be attached to things, otherwise it is empty talk. If you don't have the evil gold and grass and silk things you mentioned, then the method of selecting talents you mentioned cannot be used. And if you are with Mr. Sai and In the Tang and Han Dynasties, without seeing the real thing with my own eyes, it is impossible to deduce a paradise that matches it out of thin air."

I bowed to listen to the teaching, and praised in my heart.

Mozi said a few more words, pointing to the wheelbarrow road: "This thing is beneficial to people, but people may not know it. So when you make wheat flour, make more than a dozen vehicles first, and stand beside the market for people to use. It’s a coincidence for people to know, one can widen the reputation of my Mohism; the second one can benefit the artisan if you buy them all in the future; the third one can be regarded as a scene of a paradise, so that more people can understand and imagine what you do. Psalms."

"This is what I thought of after seeing you planting those crops in the village and writing those poems. If you don't see something with your own eyes, it's hard to imagine the future based on it."

Shi didn't show too much shock to Mozi's philosophy, but he was very surprised by Mozi's methods.

It seems that every sentence is righteous, and this thing can be placed next to the market for free for people to use. Although it is not worth a lot of money, no one has ever done it, and it is a real thing that everyone can see. Shangqiu How can the city not know the name of Mohist's righteousness?

As soon as this thing comes out, carpenters and craftsmen will have many profitable methods within a few years. How can they not believe in the Mohist?

In this way, there will be no new things within five years, and it is still impossible for the members of the Craftsman Association to leave, and they will worry that similar utensils may appear any day in the future.

In Shi's opinion, the characters who can lead hundreds of Mohists to never betray their hearts will never be as simple as the stories he knows on paper.

He didn't know how much he was thinking?Or is Mozi just trying to make this thing beneficial to others?But since Mozi said this, it was in line with his own thinking, so he said it was, and he prepared himself.

(End of this chapter)