Great Han Empire

Chapter 423 The Eternal Mystery——Jade Seal of Chuanguo

The Mystery of the Ages——Jade Seal of Chuanguo
[Original: Guosheng 2004-12-10 23:00] 
Chuan Guoxi is also known as Chuan Guo Yuxi and Chuan Guobao. The jade seal handed down by the emperors after Qin Dynasty was made by Qin Shihuang.The national seal has been passed down throughout Chinese history for more than 1500 years.It is indeed a treasure handed down by the world and an important weapon of the country.

Speaking of Chuan Guoxi, we must mention He's Bi.

In the Spring and Autumn Period, Bian He, a native of Chu State, found a piece of uncut jade in the mountains and dedicated it to King Li.The king asked Yugong to identify it, said it was a stone, and judged Bian and his left foot for the crime of deceiving the emperor.After King Wu came to the throne, Bian He offered jade again, but still amputated his right foot for deceiving the emperor.In 690 B.C., King Wen came to the throne, and Bian He hugged Yu and wept at the foot of Jingshan Mountain.King Wen sent someone to ask him, and he said: "I'm not sad for cutting. I'm sad for my husband's precious jade, but I use stones to title it. A chaste man is named as a lie."

During the reign of King Wei of Chu, Xiangguo Zhaoyang destroyed Yue Yue, and King Wei rewarded him with Heshibi.Soon, Zhaoyang was having a banquet with guests by the water abyss to admire the walls. At that time, there was a big fish in the abyss of cloud, and everyone left the room to the abyss. to no avail.In a fit of anger, Zhang Yi left Chu and entered Wei, and then entered Qin. King Huiwen of Qin was worshiped as Prime Minister of Qin for ten years.After Chu was defeated, Qin took the land of Chu and Hanzhong.

During the Warring States Period, King Huiwen of Zhao obtained the Chu and Clan Bi from the eunuch Yingxian. King Zhao of Qin learned that "the king of Zhao, the suicide note, is willing to ask Yibi with fifteen cities." At that time, Qin was strong and Zhao was weak. If he couldn't get the city, Lin Xiangru voluntarily went to the wall.After arriving in Qin State, after presenting the wall, seeing that the king of Qin had no intention of repaying the city, the court tried hard to get back the original wall and sent it back to Zhao State.

In 228 BC, Qin Wang Yingzheng defeated Zhao and obtained Heshibi.

Ying Zheng ruled the world and was called Shi Huangdi.He ordered Li Si to write the seal script "Ordered by the heavens, and live forever". Sun Shou, a jade worker in Xianyang, polished He's Bi and carved it into a seal, which is the Chuan Guoxie. In 28 years 219 BC, when the first emperor passed the mouth of Dongting Lake, the wind and waves suddenly rose, and the dragon boat was about to capsize. The emperor threw the seal into the lake, praying to the gods to calm the waves, and Chuan Guoxi disappeared for the first time. In the autumn of 36, the envoy passed through Pingshu Road in Huayin at night from Guandong, and someone presented this imperial seal.

In October 206 B.C., Liu Bang led his army into Xianyang to Bashang, and Prince Qin's infant descended to Zhidao, enshrining the Seal of the First Emperor.After the death of Qin Dynasty, Liu Bang became the son of heaven. Because of his royal obedience, his seal was passed down from generation to generation.

At the end of the Western Han Dynasty in AD 8, Wang Mang, a foreign relative, usurped power, and Liu Ying, a child at that time, was still young.Wang Mang sent his younger brother Shun to ask for it, but the Queen Mother cursed: "I am old and dead, and if my brother is like a brother, my family will be wiped out!" Helplessly, she threw the seal on the ground and broke a corner. Wang Mang ordered the craftsmen to replace it with gold.

In October of 23 A.D., Wang Mang was defeated and killed, so the school lieutenant and official guest had to pass on the national seal, rushed to Wan, and dedicated it to Liu Xuan, the first emperor of the Han Dynasty.

In 25 AD, the Red Eyebrow Army killed Liu Xuan and established Liu Penzi.After Liu Penzi defeated Yiyang, he handed over the Chuan Guoxie to Liu Xiu, Emperor Guangwu of the Eastern Han Dynasty.

At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, eunuchs monopolized power.In August 189 AD, the first year of Emperor Shaodi Guangxi, Yuan Shao entered the palace to kill the eunuchs, Duan Yu took the emperor out of the North Palace to take refuge, and Yuxi disappeared.

When Xiandi was emperor, Dong Zhuo caused chaos.In 191 A.D., the second year of Chuping, the prefect of Changsha, Sun Jian, led an army into Luoyang. The soldiers saw a well in the palace with colorful clouds in the morning, so they sent people into the well, and passed on the imperial seal. Sun Jian hid the seal secretly with his wife, Wu.Later, Yuan Shu arrested Sun Jian's wife and seized the imperial seal.After Yuan Shu's death, Xu Wei, governor of Jingzhou, brought the seal to Xuchang, where Cao Cao coerced Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty to stay here. At this point, the imperial seal was returned to the Han Dynasty.

In 220 A.D., in Yimao, the first year of Yankang, the first year of Emperor Xian's winter, Cao Pi usurped power and forced Emperor Xian to abdicate, and the Han Dynasty perished.Cao Pi engraved eight official characters on the shoulder of Chuan Guoxi, "The Great Wei Shou Han Chuan Guozhi Xi".

In 265 A.D., Sima Yan also usurped power, proclaimed Emperor Wu of Jin, and handed down the imperial seal to Jin.

In 311 A.D., Liu Cong of the former Zhao Dynasty captured Emperor Huai of Jin Dynasty Sima Chi, and his seal returned to the former Zhao Dynasty.

In 329 A.D., the later Zhao Shi strangled the former Zhao and got the seal, with "Tianming Shi Shi" engraved on the right side.

In 350 A.D., after Ran Min killed Shi Jian, the emperor of Zhao, he passed on the imperial seal and established the Ran Wei regime. When begging for help from the Eastern Jin army, Chuan Guoxi was in the hands of Jiang Gan, a general of the Ran Min tribe, but was deceived by Xie Shang, the general of the Eastern Jin Dynasty who conquered the West, and sent to the capital Jiankang overnight with [-] fine horses, dedicated to Emperor Mu of Jin Dynasty, Chuan Guoxi Return to the Sima family of the Jin Dynasty.

In 420 A.D., Liu Yu abolished Emperor Gong of the Eastern Jin Dynasty and established himself as emperor. The country was named Song, and it was called Liu Song in history;

In 581 AD, Yang Jian established the Sui Dynasty.In 589 A.D., the Chen Dynasty fell, and the Sui Dynasty ruled China, and the Chuan Guoxi entered the Sui Palace.

In March of 618 A.D., Emperor Yang Guang of the Sui Dynasty was killed by Yu Wenhuaji in Jiangdu. Empress Xiao and his posthumous son Zhengdao fled to Mobei Turkic with the Chuan Guoxi, and they were named Sui King.In May, Emperor Gong Yang You took the Zen throne, and Li Yuan proclaimed himself Emperor Gaozu of Tang Dynasty. He changed the name of the country to Tang and died in Sui Dynasty.

At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, Emperor Taizong Li Shimin engraved the imperial seal because he did not pass on the national seal, saying, "The emperor's life is ordered, and those who are virtuous will prosper."

In the fourth year of Zhenguan (630 A.D.), Li Jing led an army to crusade against Turks; in March, he captured Jieli Khan, and the army perished.In the same year, Empress Xiao and Yang Zhengdao returned to the Central Plains, and the Chuan Guoxi belonged to Li Tang.

At the end of the Tang Dynasty, the world was in chaos. In 907 AD, Zhu Quanzhong abolished Emperor Ai of the Tang Dynasty Li Zhu, seized the Imperial Seal, and built Houliang.

In 923 A.D., Li Cunxu destroyed the Later Liang Dynasty and established the Later Tang Dynasty, and the Chuan Guoxie followed it to the Later Tang Dynasty.

In 936 A.D. Shi Jingtang led the Khitan army to attack Luoyang in the Later Tang Dynasty. Li Congke, the last emperor, climbed the Xuanwu Tower* with the Chuan Guoxie in his arms, and the Chuan Guoxie disappeared.

In 951 A.D., during the Zhou Dynasty after Guo Wei was established, he searched for the seal of the country but could not find it. He had no choice but to engrave the two seals of "the treasure of the emperor's destiny" and "the treasure of the emperor" in Guangshun. Later, Zhao Kuangyin accepted the Zen and passed on these two treasures. The dynasty was changed to the Great Song Dynasty, and the "Treasure of the Great Song Dynasty's Order" was also made.As far as Emperor Taizong, he did not make "the treasure of inheriting heaven and accepting fate".Zhenzong ascended the throne and made it the treasure of the emperor's destiny. The text said, "The emperor respectfully receives the treasure of destiny".

In the third year of Zhezong Shaosheng, Duan Yi, a citizen of Xianyang County, obtained an ancient jade seal, "the color is as green as blue, moist and lustrous, with a glass back and a new plate." He said to himself that he dug a house in Liuyin Village, Henan Township. Five years later, after thirteen scholars and officials of the current dynasty based on the relics of the previous dynasty, they conducted multiple researches and finally confirmed that it was the Chuan Guoxie made by the first emperor.Zhe Zong was overjoyed and named it "The Treasure of Heaven's Handing down the Nation's Destiny" and changed it to Yuan Yuan Fu.

During the reign of Emperor Huizong, it was used to make Tianda jade as a treasure of fate. The text said, "Range the world, praise the gods, protect the harmony, and live forever."

In 1126 AD, after the Jingkang Rebellion, the two emperors of Huiqin were plundered, and the Chuan Guoxie was also plundered by the Dajin Kingdom, and their whereabouts are unknown.

In 1294 AD, Kublai Khan, Emperor Shizu of the Yuan Dynasty, passed away, and the seal of the Chuan Kingdom suddenly appeared in the city in Dadu. Boyan ordered someone to buy it, and the seal entered the Yuan Dynasty.Boyan once polished the seals of the past dynasties confiscated by the Yuan Empire from various places, and distributed them to princes and ministers to engrave private seals.

In 1368 AD, Zhu Yuanzhang proclaimed himself emperor in Jiankang and established the Ming Dynasty.The Yuan court fled to the Mongolian grasslands.

At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, Ming Taizu sent Xu Da to Mobei to pursue the fleeing Mongolian court in order to obtain the Chuan Guoxie. This is the last record about the Chuan Guoxie in history, and he returned empty-handed in the end.

So far, the Chuan Guoxi, which has experienced ups and downs for more than 500 years, has been lost in the long river of history.

Another: The text of Chuan Guoxi said, "If you are ordered by heaven, you will live forever." The "Han Shu" text says "Hao Tian ordered the Emperor Shou Chang".The two are different, and generally refer to the first statement.

Another: Some people suspected that Zhang Dun and Cai Jing had forged the Chuan Guoxi seal obtained by Zhezong in the Northern Song Dynasty.

In the Ming and Qing dynasties, false seals also appeared from time to time.Emperor Xiaozong of the Ming Dynasty once obtained the so-called Chuan Guoxie, and Emperor Xiaozong thought it was a fake; in the early Qing Dynasty, there were 39 royal seals of various colors in the palace, one of which was considered to be the Chuan Guoxie made in Qin Dynasty, which was passed through Qianlong in 1746. It was appointed by the emperor and proved to be a fake. In November 1924, when the last emperor Boyi was expelled from the palace, Zhang Bi, Lu Zhonglin and others were still chasing the Jade Seal of Chuanguo.

"History of Liao Dynasty" is recorded as "the treasure of the Great Wei Shou Han Chuan Guo", I think it should be "the seal of the Great Wei Shou Han Chuan Guo", Tang Wu Zetian changed "Xi" to "treasure", it should be changed at that time.

"Song History" records: "Bao. Qin system, the emperor has six seals, and there are also Chuan Guoxie, because of it in the past dynasties. Tang was changed to Bao, and there were eight systems. Five generations were chaotic, or many were lost." Also: "Wei Benji "It was recorded in a destroyed statue that two jade seals were obtained, and the texts all said: "If you are ordered by the sky, you will live forever."At one moment, it said "Wei received the Han Chuan Guoxie" next to it.

Supplement: (Six Seals of the Son of Heaven)

Six Seals of the Son of Heaven: The text is called "Emperor's Xingxi", and it is used to seal the Changxing imperial edict. "Emperor's Seal", bestowed on all kings
then use it. "Emperor's Letter Seal", a bronze animal talisman was issued to conscript soldiers from the states, a bamboo emissary talisman was issued to summon the governors of the states,
then use it.And white jade for it, one inch and two cents square, Chi beast button. "The emperor's seal" is used to seal and worship foreign countries.

"The Seal of the Son of Heaven" is used when bestowing foreign books. "Tianzi Xinxi", sending troops to foreign countries, if recruiting foreign countries, and there are

If you are dealing with ghosts and gods, use them.And gold for it, square one inch two points, Chi beast button.There is also the Chuan Guoxie, which is made of white jade.

Four inches, chi animal button, turn in five pan chi, hidden bird seal script.The text says "according to the destiny of heaven, the emperor's life will be prosperous", with the characters of Fan.

Outside of the Six Seals, the only one that seals Zen is the stone letter.There is also a button printed by the supervisor Wanji, made of wood, one foot and two inches long and two inches wide.
Inch five cents.On the back is the nose button, which is nine inches long, one inch thick, and seven minutes wide.Hidden under the belly is the seal script "Supervise all opportunities",
Fan four characters.This seal is always inside, but it is only sewn with seals.For use, Zuohu Langzhong and Duzhi Shangshu played it, printed it and transferred it.

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【 Original: Guosheng 2004-12-10 23:06 】 
"Heshibi" has been handed down for more than 1600 years, which is really rare in the world.Many scholars in the past dynasties wanted to find out its face and made arduous explorations. In 1921, geologist Zhang Hongzhao analyzed in "Stone Elegance" that it should be a rare labradorite with green and white flashes. In 2001, at the "China Ornamental Stone Expo", Yuan Kuirong, a geologist, gemstone and ornamental stone expert, exhibited the "Heshibi" (see picture) reproduced with labradorite.

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【 Original: Guosheng 2004-12-10 23:08 】 
The picture above is Wei Xi - Emperor Shouchang, who was ordered by heaven
The picture below is the seal obtained by the Yuan Fu - ordered by the sky to live forever (suspected to be a false entrustment of later generations)
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【 Original: Guosheng 2004-12-10 23:18 】 
talk about my own thoughts
There is a view that Chuan Guo Yuxi was not reformed by Heshibi. This view holds that:

"I'm just here to remind readers that since the jade bi, especially in the Spring and Autumn and Warring States period, the jade bi is more standardized and thinner. Generally, the small jade bi is 0 cm to 3 cm, and the large one is 0 cm. ~4 cm. According to archaeological data, the general seal is square and higher. The thickness of the lower part is more than 0 cm, and the upper part is often carved into dragon or turtle buttons, which are twice the size of the lower part. Or several times. It can be seen that the Heshibi cannot be transformed into a jade seal, let alone a Chuanguo jade seal, because it is larger. Therefore, it is purely false to say that He's Bi was transformed into a Chuanguo jade seal."

However, I personally don’t agree with this point of view. The Bi called by He’s Bi may not be the same as ordinary jade. It may be very large in size and thickness, which shows its preciousness. How could you propose to exchange fifteen cities with Zhao Guo? (The later story is the origin of the idiom "return to Zhao with complete jade")
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【 Original: Guosheng 2004-12-10 23:27 】 
my second opinion

"In 936 A.D. Shi Jingtang led the Khitan army to Luoyang in the Later Tang Dynasty. The last emperor Li Congke took the Chuan Guoxie to the Xuanwu Tower*, and the Chuan Guoxie disappeared." According to records, none of the subsequent Jade Seals passed down to the country has been confirmed to be true.The idiom "Jade and stone burn together" may be derived from this.I personally think that Chuan Guo Yuxi is unlikely to be buried in flames.I inquired about relevant information, and the melting point of jade is about 1700 degrees, which is higher than the melting point of gold (1063 degrees).As the saying goes, "True gold is not afraid of fire", let alone jade?At that time, Li Congke's works were estimated to be mainly wood. Is it possible for the burning of wood to reach such a high melting point?
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【 Original: Guosheng 2004-12-10 23:48 】 
By the way, let me talk about the authenticity and fate of the jade seal (Yuan Fu) in the Song Dynasty based on some information I have read.

Although the jade seal of the Song Dynasty was lost in the end, the seal at that time was left in the archives, which is the second picture I posted above. From this seal, it is similar to the "decorated with dragons, phoenixes, birds and fishes" recorded in history books. It is the method of worms and birds' traces", which is consistent with the so-called "dragon, worm, bird and fish".Chuan Guo Yuxi was remade from Heshibi and was produced in Chu State. Therefore, it is agreed that the jade is Lantian jade, which is different from the Song Xi recorded in the history books that "the jade seal is green in color and the quality of the jade is very firm. It is not Kunwu sword or toad fat." Incurable" is also consistent.

However, since the history books never mentioned the 8 characters "Dawei Shou Han Chuanguo Yuxi" that the Cao family engraved on the shoulder of the Chuanguo Yuxi during Emperor Xiandi of the Han Dynasty, and the "Tianming Shishi" printed on the side wall of the Yuxi by Zhao Shile after 329 A.D. 4 words.In particular, there is no mention of the piece that was dropped by the Queen Mother and later inlaid with gold.Ha ha, isn't that really "the eyes don't know the gold and the jade"?What's more, this seal was dedicated to the emperor by that traitor Cai Jing, so most of the descendants think it is fake.

Regarding the fate of this jade seal, I have seen two opinions. One is the article mentioned in the reposted article, "After the Jingkang Rebellion, the two emperors of Huiqin were looted, and the Chuan Guoxi was also looted by the Dajin Kingdom. , I don’t know where to go.” Another theory is that this seal was passed down to the end of the Song Dynasty, when Lu Xiufu jumped off the cliff with the little emperor and Yuxi in his arms.
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【 Original: Guosheng 2004-12-11 00:01 】 
If this jade seal is born one day in the future, it will be an unparalleled cultural relic in China

This jade seal not only witnessed most of Chinese history, but also left many idioms and sayings for the future market:
In addition to the above-mentioned returning the jade to Zhao, burning both jade and stone, and seeing gold and jade inlaid with blindness, there are also priceless, reconciling generals and prime ministers, and the crime of cherishing jade and so on.

Throughout Chinese history, the only cultural relics comparable to the Jade Seal of the Chuan Kingdom are the Jiuding, but those nine tripods are definitely impossible to exist anymore. One is that it disappeared more than 2000 years earlier than the Jade Seal of the Chuan Kingdom. The thousands of years in Surabaya have also been corroded. Second, whether the Jiuding is a history or a legend is still unclear.
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【 Original: Guosheng 2004-12-11 11:19 】 
I don’t think the real Chuan Guo Yuxi will ever look like a copy, the copy is too ugly :(
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【 Original: Han Yushui 2004-12-13 01:10 】 
One day I find it and stop trading in stocks
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【 Original: Datang Zhongxing 2004-12-14 09:42 】 
Hehe, Guosheng is also very interested in archeology
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【 Original: Flying Over the End of the World 2004-12-14 11:30 】 
Reposted from: Shanshui Xihong Dahua Three Kingdoms Research Institute
In "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms", there is one thing that affects the history and the fate of the characters. It is the treasure passed down from generation to generation by the Chinese feudal royal family and the symbol of the highest power-the Chuanguo Yuxi.
In the Three Kingdoms, this royal treasure seems to have an ominous curse engraved on it, and anyone connected with it will end badly.Please see, this national treasure mysteriously disappeared during the chaos of the ten permanent attendants.Later, Sun Jian discovered it, but concealed it and wanted to take it back to Jiangdong. After the incident was leaked, he even swore a poisonous oath, but it came true, and died under random arrows at the age of [-].His son, Sun Ce, kept the seal for a period of time and then dedicated it to Yuan Shu as a mortgage to borrow troops. However, he failed to escape the fate of dying at the age of [-]; He died after several liters; later, this treasure belonged to Cao Cao. Although he did not die prematurely, he was always plagued by mysterious headaches and eventually died of this disease; later Cao Pi and others did not live long.
Were these encounters by chance?They are surprisingly similar to the fate of those archaeologists who excavated the tombs of ancient pharaohs in Egypt.
According to my research on such things in ancient and modern China and abroad, my conclusion is astonishing, bold and well-founded: the Jade Seal of the Chuan Kingdom is a piece of jade with strong radioactivity.In fact, it is common knowledge for modern people that materials such as stones have radioactivity of different sizes.Experts warn that gemstone rings, stone materials used for house decoration, etc., should be tested for radioactivity, otherwise it is unsafe.There have been reports of leukemia caused by house decoration in our country.But the particularity of Chuanguo Yuxi is that it does not make people suffer from leukemia, but makes people lose their minds or even go crazy, which leads to a series of tragic events.
Speaking of this, we have to start with the origin of Chuanguo Yuxi. "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" tells its story in detail through the mouth of Cheng Pu, a character in the book.The predecessor of this national treasure was a piece of jade, but it was wrapped in ordinary stone.Bian He, a native of Chu, discovered it based on the so-called phoenix inhabiting it. He presented it to the king twice, but he was convicted of deceiving the king and had his two legs cut off successively.After the new king came to the throne, he held the stone and wept blood and tears. The new king sent someone to cut open the stone and found this precious jade, so it was called Heshi jade.Bian He was obviously driven crazy by this radioactive stone, to the point of sacrificing himself.Later, Qin Shihuang unified China, and Prime Minister Li Si used this jade to engrave the eight characters "Ordered by heaven, long life and prosperity", and made a special seal for the emperor, that is, the seal, which was prepared to be passed down from generation to generation.However, Qin Shihuang died shortly after unifying China, and Qin II was even more short-lived.The emperors of the Han Dynasty who held the jade seal also showed a trend of not being as good as one generation after another. They neither lived nor prospered, and the adverse effects were self-evident.
Let’s take a look at the scene when Sun Jian discovered it: a “five-colored light” was emitted from a well in the Han Palace. After salvage, a palace lady was found, who had been dead for several days but her body was not broken. This jade seal was found on her body.Obviously, if it is not for its radioactivity that causes the water molecules to change and glow, and the corpse is not bad, there is no more reasonable explanation.After Sun Jian got the jade seal, his whole temperament changed, from a very bold hero to a complete villain, his resourcefulness and righteousness disappeared without a trace; Xiang Yu generally got the nickname of "Little Overlord".Yuan Shu, who had no ambitions at first, dreamed of being an emperor when he got the jade seal, and he could have enjoyed peace for many years.Cao Cao, who got the jade seal, did not perform as well as he did in the previous period, and became very mediocre.
Another proof that can be put forward is that in the era when the Chuanguo Yuxi existed, the founding emperors were all wise and had a long lifespan. Obviously, they only owned the harmful stone halfway after conquering the world, so they were less affected by it.And their princes and grandsons are not as good as one generation after another, stupid and short-lived, because they have been in contact with Yuxi since childhood.In the Qing Dynasty when the jade seal was lost forever, emperors such as Kangxi, Qianlong and the old goblin Cixi all lived to a rare longevity among emperors.
If you don't believe the above "contests", please try to find the jade seal that has been lost for hundreds of years, and test it with a Geiger counter that specializes in radioactivity.If it doesn't make a "cackling" sound, you come and smash my "Big Talk Three Kingdoms Research Institute" brand.
One last thing to say, a symbol of power can drive people crazy and make people lose their minds, so the influence of power itself can be imagined.Those who sharpen their heads and want to be officials should think deeply about this!
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【 Original: Flying Over the End of the World 2004-12-14 11:34 】 
Another: There is an article saying that the Jade Seal of Chuanguo was lost before the Eastern Jin Dynasty
Copyright, November 2002

(Some records have not been verified)

The Chinese use seals to express credit, which began in the Zhou Dynasty.In the Qin Dynasty, there was only a distinction between seals and seals. The seals used by the emperor were called seals, while those used by subjects could only be called seals.

According to the records of the Han Dynasty, the emperor had six seals: the emperor's Xingxi, the emperor's seal, the emperor's letter, the emperor's Xingxi, the emperor's seal, and the emperor's letter.The six seals have different purposes, and are in charge of Fu Jie Lingcheng.However, the Chuanguo Yuxi is not included in these six seals, because this jade seal is used to represent orthodoxy, and the so-called "true man" must have this jade seal, otherwise he can only be the grass chicken king instead of the real dragon emperor.

Moving forward in history, we start from the Spring and Autumn Period.In the Spring and Autumn Period, there was a stone quarryman named Bian He in the state of Chu. One day he was quarrying in Jingshan (now Nanzhang County, Hubei Province), and saw a phoenix perched on a piece of bluestone. "The phoenix never falls on a land without treasures." Bian He believed that this stone was a treasure, so he dedicated it to King Li of Chu.

But Yugong didn't recognize it, so he thought it was an ordinary stone.King Li was furious and ordered Bian He's left foot to be cut off.

When King Wu of Chu came to the throne, Bian He went to offer treasures, but they were still regarded as ordinary stones, and his right foot was cut off for the crime of deceiving the king.

Later, King Wen, the son of King Wu, became the king of the country, and Bian He wanted to present the treasure, but he lost his feet and could not walk, so he hugged Yu and cried loudly, crying that Baoyu was unknown.King Wen sent someone to ask him, and he said: "I am not sad because I lost my feet, but what I am sad is that it is a precious jade but it is said to be a stone, and it is a loyal subject but it is said to be a liar."

King Wen ordered someone to cut open the stone, and it turned out to be a pure white, smooth and crystal-clear jade, carved by a good worker.Therefore, Bi was presented by Bian He, so it was named "He's Bi".What's even more amazing is that this piece of precious jade "looks green when viewed from the side, but white when viewed from the front".According to records, this He's Bi is placed in a dark place to emit light naturally; placed in the seat, the winter moon will be warm and can replace the stove; the summer moon will be cool, so mosquitoes and flies cannot enter;

The priceless treasure and the jade were returned to Queen Wen of Chu, and they were regarded as national treasures, and have been handed down for more than 370 years in the hands of successive monarchs of Chu.

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, when countries communicated, jade was often used as a keepsake for envoys, and the best jade and Choi were symbols of the country.During the Warring States period, seven heroes fought for hegemony, and all the princes wanted to take this rare treasure for themselves.

The first disappearance of He's Bi was 400 years later.King Wei of Chu rewarded Zhaoyang, the minister of state, with this jade.When Zhaoyang was entertaining guests one day, the jade was brought out for all the guests to watch, but when the banquet was over, it disappeared. Although there were many searches, there was no trace.Zhaoyang, Prime Minister of Chu, accidentally lost this biscuit because of a banquet, suspected that it was stolen by Zhang Yi, and beat Zhang Yi half to death. Between the palms of the hand, it cleared the way for the iron cavalry who would tyrannize the Qin Dynasty to conquer the six kingdoms in the future.In fact, Zhaoyang really wronged Zhang Yi.

More than 50 years later, this Heshibi somehow flowed to Zhao Guo and appeared in the hands of Ying Xian, the eunuch of Zhao Guo, and King Zhao Huiwen took it for himself.At this time, the power of the state of Qin was already very strong. King Qin Zhaoxiang, who was in power at the time, learned that Heshibi was in the state of Zhao, so he said that he would exchange [-] cities for the biscuit.The king of Zhao was weak, so he had to send Lin Xiangru as an envoy to the state of Qin, and staged the story of returning to Zhao with perfect jade.

61 years later, Qin destroyed Zhao.When Qin Shihuang unified the six kingdoms, "Under the whole world, is it the land of the king; on the shore of the land, is it the subject of the king", He Shibi naturally belonged to Qin Shihuang.Li Si's "Book of Remonstrance and Chasing Guests" has the sentence "The jade sent by your majesty to Kunshan today is the treasure of easy-going". The hand of the First Emperor.The king of Qin unified China and called himself "the first emperor". In the 26th year of Qin Dynasty (221 BC), he ordered Lianggong to carve this jade into a seal. Insect-shaped seal characters are engraved on Heshibi as the emperor's jade seal.In this way, Heshibi became the "National Seal".

In the 28th year of Qin Dynasty (219 BC), Qin Shihuang was inspecting the world. When the boat arrived at Dongting Lake, there was a sudden storm.Strange to say, Dongting Lake was calm immediately.

Eight years later, Qin Shihuang visited Huayin on a hunting tour. Someone blocked the way with a seal and returned it to Qin Shihuang, saying: "Take this to return the ancestor dragon." "Zulong") the first emperor ordered someone to accept the jade seal, and the person turned into a gust of breeze and left.

Soon, Qin Shihuang fell ill on the way during his east tour. According to "Historical Records Qinbenji", Qin Shihuang "given the son Fusu for the seal book", that is, the seal was passed on to Fusu as a symbol of the power of the emperor.After the death of the first emperor, Zhao Gao used Heshibi to usurp power, and the jade seal was passed on to the second Huhai.

When Liu Bang led his troops into Xianyang, Prince Ying of Qin killed Zhao Gao and presented Bi to Liu Bang.When Liu Bang entered Xianyin, Ziying "served the emperor's seal amulet, and descended to the side of the road."Heshibi has become a symbol of the world, similar to "Jiuding".

Liu Bang established the Han Dynasty and took Qin Yuxi as the national seal of the Han Dynasty. Since then, the jade seal has been passed down from generation to generation.Since then, Heshibi has become the "Chuan Guoxie".After Liu Bang, there were nine generations of emperors.

At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Wang Mang usurped the throne. The then emperor Liu Ying was only two years old.Wang Mang ordered his minister Wang Shun to ask the Empress Dowager Xiaoyuan for the imperial jade seal. As the empress dowager of the Han Dynasty, the Empress Dowager Xiaoyuan turned her heart to the Han Dynasty, but she was forced to throw the treasure of the town on the ground in a rage ("Han Shu "Biography of the Empress of the Yuan Dynasty"), it is said that a corner of Xi Niu was broken, and later Wang Mang inlaid it with gold, but it didn't help, and the defect was still left.Liu Xiu, Emperor Guangwu of the Eastern Han Dynasty defeated Wang Mang and regained the Jade Seal of Chuanguo, which became the symbol of the Han family.

At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, wars broke out, and the lords competed for the throne. Emperor Shaodi of the Han Dynasty went out to seek refuge in the North Palace at night, but did not bring this seal with him in a hurry. After returning to the palace, he found that the jade seal had disappeared.Soon, Dong Zhuo rebelled, and princes from all walks of life raised their troops one after another.Sun Jian, the prefect of Changsha, invaded Luoyang, and saw five colors of light faintly glowing in the well of Zhenguan in the south of the city, causing people to go down to salvage the well.Picking up the body of a court lady's costume, it is obvious that the body has been there for a long time, but it has not rotted, and there is a kit under the body.When I took it out to see, there was a small red box inside, which was locked with a gold lock.Open it and there is a jade seal: four inches in diameter, engraved with five dragons on the top; one corner is missing, inlaid with gold;Sun Jian got the jade seal by accident, which is what is said in "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" when "Sun Jian betrayed the alliance after hiding the jade seal".The grandson gave it to Yuan Shu, and after Yuan's defeat, he returned to Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty.

Then Cao Pi abolished Han to stand on his own, and took over the Chuanguo Seal from Han Xiandi, and cleverly carved a line of small characters on the side of the jade seal: "Wei Shou Han Chuanguo's Seal".

Only 45 years later, this jade seal was passed on to Sima Yan again.Sima Yan didn't engrave the words "Jin received the seal of Wei Chuanguo" on it.If they continued to engrave like Cao Pi, the emperors who won the throne would probably have no place to engrave.

Wu Huanhua, Yuxi was inherited by the Southern Dynasty.

However, regardless of whether there was room for them to engrave characters on this jade seal, to commemorate the robbing of other people's country, the later emperors had to carve another seal, because this jade seal engraved with Heshibi Chuan Chuan lost!
This jade seal was handed down from Wei and Western Jin Dynasty, passed through the former Zhao and later Zhao, and then fell into the hands of Fu Jian of the former Qin Dynasty.Later, Fu Jian captured Yao Chang for his troops, and Yao asked him to hand over the jade seal. Fu Jian said that he had given it to the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and the jade seal might have been lost at this time.

Yao himself wanted to be emperor, and he felt that he could not do without the Chuan Guoxie, so when he established the Later Qin Kingdom, he forged a "Chuan Guoxie".His move inspired all friends who wanted to be emperors, and at the same time, Houyan Murongchui also forged one.The Sima family in the Eastern Jin Dynasty regarded themselves as orthodox. Seeing this situation, they quickly forged one, but engraved the words wrongly, and it became "by the destiny of heaven, the emperor's longevity".They also made up a story by the way, claiming that the fake jade seal was sent by Jiang Gan, Ran Min's general.

The "Chuan Guoxie" of the Later Qin Dynasty was brought back to Jiankang (now Nanjing) after Liu Yu destroyed the Later Qin Dynasty. The Eastern Jin Dynasty knew that it was a fake and destroyed it.The one from the Eastern Jin Dynasty later flowed into the Northern Qi Dynasty.Because Houyan's seal fell into the Northern Zhou Dynasty after the subjugation of the country, and after the Northern Zhou Dynasty destroyed the Northern Qi Dynasty, it destroyed the forged "Emperor Shouchang" seal in the Eastern Jin Dynasty.Therefore, only the one made by Houyan Murongchui was left among the three fake seals, and the fake ones will be considered real by now.

This jade seal was destroyed by the Northern Zhou Dynasty, Sui Dynasty, and Sui Dynasty. Emperor Yang Guang and Empress Xiao of the Sui Dynasty took the seal and some members of the royal family to exile in Turkic.In the fourth year of Zhenguan in Tang Dynasty, Empress Xiao returned to Tang Dynasty with her seal.

At the end of Tang Dynasty, Yuxi was acquired by Zhu Wen of the Later Liang Dynasty and passed on to Later Tang Dynasty.It has been passed down to the Later Tang Dynasty in the Five Dynasties.After Shi Jingtang was besieged by Li Congke, Emperor Li Congke at the end of the later Tang Dynasty, the whereabouts of this jade seal was also unknown.

In the late Jin Dynasty, the Northern Liao Dynasty invaded and plundered many times, and the jade seal of the Chuan Kingdom has not been recorded in the literature so far.

The emperors after Zhao Kuangyin in the Northern Song Dynasty each had their own seals, and there were more than one, but they did not have the jade seal that passed on the country.Although many later dynasties also claimed to have discovered the jade seals of the Chuan Kingdom, they were all forged and imitated works by the people. They were fabricated to deceive others and themselves in order to prove that they were "destined by heaven", and the officials used this to please the emperor. That's all.

During the Shaosheng period of the Song Dynasty, Xianyang received a jade seal of "green as blue, warm and lustrous" and "a glass back plate". After textual research by [-] academic officials of the dynasty, it was believed that it was the imperial seal handed down from the real Qin Dynasty.Emperor Xiaozong of the Ming Dynasty also received the so-called Chuan Guoxie. Emperor Xiaozong thought it was a fake and did not use it.

In the early Qing Dynasty, the Forbidden City had 39 royal palaces, one of which was known as the Chuan Guoxi.In 1746 AD, it was confirmed to be a fake by Emperor Qianlong.Until November 1924, when the last emperor Boyi was expelled from the palace, police chief Zhang Bi, Lu Zhonglin and others were still pursuing the gold-encrusted royal seal.

Where is this precious jade that has been passed down for thousands of years hidden? ! !

(End of this chapter)