Great Han Empire

Chapter 956 Chapter [-]
Chang'an was the capital of the great Han Dynasty. To rebuild Chang'an, in addition to restoring the imperial palace, the most important thing is to rebuild the Sanyong Palace.

Sanyong is the Mingtang Piyong and Lingtai. It is called Sanyong Palace in architecture, but there are actually only two buildings.Mingtang Biyong is a building, but it contains two meanings of the building name, while Lingtai is another building.

The Mingtang is the place where the emperor promulgates government orders, accepts pilgrimage and sacrifices to the gods of heaven and earth and ancestors. It is the highest-level ritual building in the Han Dynasty.Piyong is the circular ditch surrounding the Mingtang. The surrounding water is Yong (meaning complete and perfect), and the circle is like Pi (Pi is Bi, a jade ritual vessel specially used by the emperor), which symbolizes the meaning of the perfection of kingly education.As for the Lingtai, it is a place to observe the sky.

Sanyong represents the ritual system and is a symbolic building of the Han Dynasty, which is of great significance.

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Last year, five ministers, Taiwei Xun You, Taifu Kong Rong, General Xu Rong, General Dong Zhao, and Jing Zhaoyin Zhao Jian were ordered to plan to rebuild Chang'an. Although they detailed the reconstruction in their memorials plan, but due to time issues, no specific plans were submitted.

After the Luoyang War ended this year, all parties in the imperial court had serious disagreements on the reconstruction plan of the five ministers. It was not until the general Li Hong returned to the court in September that this memorial was finally confirmed and made a decision.

In mid-October, under the urging of the eldest princess, Dong Zhao, a master craftsman, presented to the court the newly drawn reconstruction plan of Sanyong Palace.The newly built Sanyong Temple is all imitated from the Luoyang Sanyong Temple, and there is no change.The eldest princess, prime minister Cai Yong and other civil and military ministers circulated the drawings to each other, feeling very satisfied.

After Cui Yan got the pattern, Shang Shuling's face changed immediately, and he waved at Xi Lu, who had been promoted to the curator and censor.Xi Xi went to Cui Yan's side and lowered his head to have a closer look, then discussed with Cui Yan in a low voice.

The eldest princess thought that there was something wrong with the Sanyong pattern, so she hurriedly asked: "What do you two adults think?"

Cui Yan bowed and played: "Your Highness, I believe that the pattern of the Sanyong Palace played by Master Dong does not conform to the ritual system of this dynasty." Cui Yan was probably a little excited, and his voice was loud, shaking the hall.

Suddenly, the hall was completely silent, and everyone stared at Cui Yan dumbfounded.

The eldest princess was so surprised that she didn't speak for a long time.

Prime Minister Cai Yong snorted coldly, and asked angrily, "Lord Cui, what's the reason? What's your reason?"

Cui Yan calmly bowed and played again, "This dynasty inherited Tude and re-established the capital of Chang'an, then, shouldn't these Sanyongs conform to the 'ancient rituals'?"

The prime minister, Cai Yong, seemed to have expected this sentence a long time ago, and immediately retorted, "This dynasty has continued to use 'Jinli' since Emperor Guangwu Zhongxing. Does Master Cui think there is something wrong with 'Jili'? "

"Of course." Cui Yan said, "It is said in "Zhou Li" and "Book of Filial Piety" that Ming Tang is the temple of King Wen. Seven banquets, one feast in the hall. Five rooms, two banquets in every room, covered with moss. Zhou Gong worshiped King Wen in Mingtang to show God. It can be seen that Jianming hall should conform to the "ancient ritual", and it should be five room, not nine rooms."

As soon as Cui Yan finished speaking, the courtroom was filled with curses and chaos.

Taiwei Xunyou retorted loudly, "There is a saying in "Dai Li Shuo Shengde Ji" that bright halls have existed since ancient times. There are nine rooms, four households and eight houses, a total of 36 households, 72 houses, and thatched houses. The upper circle is lower than the lower one, so it faces the princes. There is water outside it, and it is called Piyong. It is also said in "Mingtang Yueling Shuo" that the Mingtang is three feet high, nine feet from east to west, and seven banquets in the north and south. There are four households and eight houses, and the palace is [-] steps away, and it is [-] miles away from the suburbs. The various posthumous statements of the ancestors are sufficient to prove that the Sanyong in this dynasty should conform to the "today's etiquette", and there is no doubt that nine rooms were opened."

Chi Chi snorted immediately, "Master Dai De was a doctor in Emperor Xiaoxuan's reign. "The Book of Rites of Dai Dai" was compiled by him from 85 essays on etiquette of the ancient Confucianists. It was only more than 200 years ago. What about the Sutra? How many years ago? Is there still a debate about whether the Mingtang is the fifth room or the ninth room?"

Li Wei strongly supported Cui Yan and Xi Li, and he also said: "Master Zheng Xuan once said that although the record about Mingtang in "Dai Li" comes from "Shengde", it is said that Mingtang should have nine rooms, 36 households and 72 houses. , but in fact they are all taken from the "Spring and Autumn" written by Qin Prime Minister Lu Buwei, which is not an ancient system. In addition, Chun Yudeng, a lecturer, once said that Mingtang is in the Yang of the country, three miles away, within seven miles, the land of Bingsi, On the Yang position, the upper circle and the lower, eight windows and four doors, the palace of the governor, so it is called Mingtang. Mingtang, grand appearance, Zhou Gong worshiped King Wen in Mingtang to match the spirit of God's five spirits. There are five emperors sitting in the court of Taiwei. Zheng Xuan The master agrees with Chun Yudeng's words, and believes that the establishment of the Mingtang in Bingsi in this dynasty came from this. There are five rooms in the Mingtang in the Zhou Dynasty, each emperor has a room, which is the number of the five elements. Today. Therefore, the construction of Sanyong should follow the ancient rituals, and the Mingtang should be five rooms."

The ministers quickly divided into two factions and quarreled in the court hall.

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General Li Hong returned to the mansion in a daze. Before he could sit down and drink his saliva, the admonishing doctor Zhao Song came.

Zhao Song has had more and more contacts with Li Hong since he accompanied the little emperor on his expedition.Li Hong likes his elegant and free-spirited personality very much, and likes to chat with him and ask him about some scriptures, and they hit it off very well.Seeing Zhao Song's visit, Li Hong hurriedly welcomed him into the study, and asked eagerly, "What's going on today? Why do I feel that the atmosphere in the court is getting worse and worse? The 'present ceremony' and 'ancient ceremony' What’s going on? What’s the relationship with Jinwen Confucianism and Ancient Chinese Confucianism?”

Zhao Song said with a smile: "The so-called 'today ceremony' was first seen in "The Book of Rites of the Great Dai: Shengde", which is the Mingtang system adopted by Emperor Guangwu after his revival. It is said in the "Ritual Chart" that the Mingtang was established in the 30th year of Jianwu , the upper circle of the Mingtang and the lower one, the upper circle follows the sky, the lower one follows the ground, the twelve halls follow the sun, and the nine rooms follow Kyushu, which is the nine-room architectural format of the Mingtang in Luoyang. The five-chamber bright hall system recorded in Gong Ji. As for the relationship with modern and ancient Chinese classics..." Zhao Song hesitated for a moment, then continued, "Master Dade is a master of modern "Li", so he usually comes to It is said that the Confucian scholars who hold the concept of "present rites" are almost all of the school of Jinwen Confucianism, but there are exceptions, such as Cai Yong and Lu Zhi. It was written in the "Han Shu".

"That is to say, many officials of the school of ancient texts and classics in the court also support the 'Ji Li', which is the system of the Nine Chambers Mingtang?" Li Hong asked.

Zhao Song nodded, "General, I came to see you in a hurry, just to explain the matter of Sanyong to you. In today's court, the ministers such as Lord Li, Lord Cui, and Lord Xi were clearly at a disadvantage. Very unfavorable."

Li Hong was secretly taken aback.To build a Sanyong Palace, what kind of Mingtang system will be adopted, which will be detrimental to the New Deal?He looked at Zhao Song with a serious expression, and waved his hand lightly, "Speak slowly, and I will listen carefully."

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The Mingtang is the most important ritual building of the Zhou system.The Mingtang system has been widely spread since the Western Zhou Dynasty.

In the past, when Yin Zhou was in chaos, he prepared ghosts and princes to feed the princes, so Zhou Gong assisted King Wu to crusade against Yin Zhou.After the death of King Wu, King Cheng was young and weak, and the Duke of Zhou practiced the position of the Son of Heaven to rule the world.In the sixth year, the princes of the dynasty made rites and made music in Mingtang, awarded measures, and then accepted them all over the world.In seven years, he was appointed as King Cheng.In the pre-Qin classics, the Mingtang is mostly the place where the government is governed. "Mencius·Liang Hui Wangxia" said, "The hall of the husband is the hall of the king. If the king is in charge of the king, don't destroy it." There are many etiquette activities such as building officials, awarding new moons, looking forward to Qi, teaching, schools, pensions, respecting talents, and shooting.

In Confucian classics, Sanyong is a symbol of ritual and music education.

In the pre-Qin period, the education of ritual and music has always been the ideal of governing the country pursued by Confucianism. However, in the Spring and Autumn and Warring States period, with military disputes and continuous wars, the stable situation necessary for enlightenment with ritual and music did not appear. .

At the beginning of the founding of this dynasty, Confucian scholars expected to "rectify the dynasty, align the positions of monarchs and ministers, promote virtuous talents, benevolent, benevolent and righteous, and reward meritorious deeds". "An Tianxia's proposition, but at that time the world had just settled down and wealth was scarce, and the generals could only travel by ox carts. It was even unthinkable to set up extensive rituals and music and detailed systems. In the chaotic situation where there are strong enemies, the chaos is not over, and the Huns are coming again, the early days of this dynasty can only practice the "Huang Lao" theory and practice inaction in order to allow the people to recuperate.

In the reign of Emperor Xiaowu, the state affairs gradually stabilized, and there was a slight surplus in wealth. At this time, there were discussions on rituals and music, and building bright halls.Ministers such as Zhao Wan and Wang Zang planned to follow the ancient system and build Mingtang in the south of Chang'an City. However, because "Sanyong" is a symbol of Confucian ritual and music politics, Empress Dowager Dou, who believed in "Huang Lao's learning", strongly opposed it. Wan and Wang Zang were forced to commit suicide, and Prime Minister Dou Ying and Taiwei Tian Fu were dismissed.

After the death of Empress Dowager Dou, Emperor Xiaowu monopolized the power. He had the ability to build Mingtang, but he did not implement it.The reason is that although Emperor Xiaowu respected Confucianism exclusively, he still practiced the way of kingship and hegemony in essence. He was not willing to implement the moral government of ritual and music education. The moral government he preached and what he did contradicted each other. , Confucian ideals are very different from the court's actions, and most of the Confucian theories are used to decorate political affairs.

During the reigns of Emperor Xiaocheng and Xiaoyuan, the influence of Confucianism on state affairs became more and more serious, and scholars gradually realized that it was difficult for Confucian ideals to adapt to the needs of reality, and they could not influence and control the operation of the government. swing repeatedly.In order to solve this problem, scholars thought of many ways.

In the reign of Emperor Xiaoping, Confucianism gained a dominant position in the government, and the momentum of Confucianism increased day by day. The imperial court began to adjust the differences between the "ancient system" recorded in the Confucian classics in terms of ancestral temple sacrifices, etiquette systems, and capital buildings in the early years. , and make local modifications.In the second year of Yuanshi (AD 2), Wang Mang invited the emperor to build Mingtang, Piyong and Lingtai.In the fourth year of the first year of the Yuan Dynasty, the Sanyong Palace designed by Liu Xin, a master of ancient literature and classics, was completed according to "Kao Gong Ji", and the ritual buildings represented by Sanyong in this dynasty emerged from then on.

This Sanyong Temple, located on the east side of Chang'an South Gate Outer Avenue, fully complies with the stipulation in "Zhou Li" that the Ming hall must be located in "Guozhiyang".It is surrounded by a square courtyard with a two-story gatehouse in the middle of the four sides. The courtyard is surrounded by a circular ditch, and curved ruler-shaped rooms are built at the four corners of the courtyard.There are halls in the corridors on the four sides of the lower floor of the central building, and each hall has left and right sandwich rooms, which are "twelve halls" in total, symbolizing the twelve months of the year; there is also a hall on each side of the middle floor; There is a pavilion with five rooms of gold, wood, water, fire and earth, where five emperors of heaven are worshipped.The four-sided terrace between the five rooms is used to observe the sky.This is a five-room hall.

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At the beginning of the resurgence of Emperor Guangwu, he quickly restored Mingtang, Piyong, Lingtai and other ritual buildings to show his recognition of Confucianism and help him implement the policy of "cultivating culture and suppressing martial arts".

Emperor Guangwu made full use of these ceremonial buildings to carry out ceremonial activities. He held sacrifices in Mingtang, held shooting and drinking ceremonies in Piyong, and distinguished clouds and objects and observed rest signs in Lingtai, which greatly promoted the integration of Confucian ceremonial buildings and Confucian ceremonial activities. , realized the dream of the Confucian scholars for hundreds of years since the founding of the dynasty
Emperor Guangwu was originally a Confucian student, and he was familiar with the classics. He first learned from Wang Mang's reform of the ancient system, and later became emperor with the help of amulets. Therefore, his understanding of Confucianism is different from the "decoration" of Emperor Xiaowu and Emperor Xiaoxuan. , Also different from Wang Mang's Nigu, he effectively combined ethics and state affairs.At the same time, many of Emperor Guangwu's Zhongxing ministers studied the scriptures. They combined the Confucian theories of morality, rites and music, and education with the way of governing the country, and took Confucian academic thoughts as the guiding basis for state affairs.Sanyong occupies an important position in Confucianism, and it also occupies an important position in state affairs.

Emperor Guangwu attached great importance to Sanyong, indicating that he was willing to use Confucian rituals and music to govern the country. This was in sharp contrast to Emperor Xiaowu and Xiaoxuan's emphasis on martial arts dominance. Emperor Guangwu believed that Sanyong not only represented that the architecture of the dynasty was in line with rituals It also means that the imperial court should emphasize "ruling the king by virtue", pay attention to the education of ritual and music, and oppose focusing on martial arts hegemony, so the Mingtang system he adopted is completely different from the past. He adopted the nine-room Mingtang system.
Today, the ministers in the DPRK request to rebuild Sanyong in the same way as Luoyang Mingtang, and to continue to implement the nine-room Mingtang system. It is self-evident what their intention is.

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"Sanyong is not a building, it is the ritual system, the ritual system is the foundation of Confucianism, and Confucianism is the soul of state affairs, and its impact on the government is immeasurable." Zhao Song said solemnly, "General, if the court adopts With the Nine-Room Mingtang System, it is obvious that the imperial court's Zhongxing strategy will gradually develop in the direction of "repairing culture and suppressing martial arts". In the future, perhaps decades later, the current Zhongxing strategy is very likely to be completely overthrown, and the big man may repeat the same mistakes. Going down to ruin again."

Li Hong suddenly realized that, after talking for a long time, it was still a battle of ZTE's strategy.

"It seems that this court is about to change." Li Hong sneered, "Some people are too old, and the gap between their ideas and ours is getting bigger and bigger. It's time to go home and enjoy the happiness."

"Tomorrow, Master Cui and Master Xi are invited to come over, let's have a good talk and come up with a countermeasure."

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(End of this chapter)