Big data in China

Chapter 28 Big Data and Management Change (3)
To make a prediction, you need to know what you are trying to predict.In fact, the application of big data can be divided into several categories, and the classification will not be too complicated, on the contrary it is very simple.For example, people, things, and others are generally these three categories.What is data about people?For example, when we make search recommendations, we need to predict the degree of interest. You need to know where the user's interest is and how to predict it. This is human data.What is the object data?For example, traffic statistics and a summary of weather patterns.Only by understanding these can we do a good job of forecasting.

Now, for prediction, the use of big data has been very extensive, and its accurate prediction is based on the premise of fully understanding users.I found that many people imagine big data as very mysterious. In fact, this is a manifestation of their ignorance of their prediction objects.

No matter what stage of development, big data is just a tool.As a tool, it serves people, not controls them.When we use big data to make predictions, the most important thing is to understand the object of our prediction, and to collect and analyze the data related to it on the premise of fully understanding.

☆Security analysis and management
The management control of big data is often reflected in information security and crisis prevention.The biggest change it brings to information security is that through automatic analysis and processing and in-depth mining, it has turned the previous in-process and post-event processing into automatic evaluation, prediction, and emergency response in advance, making security protection more active. , instead of passively becoming a compensation mechanism that can only deal with the aftermath.

In specific applications, it represents a trend to prepare for a rainy day.We should take advantage of this trend and combine our own management solutions with big data analysis to form a complete set of security analysis and management solutions from data collection and analysis to security management strategies to effect evaluation, so as to truly improve Its own enterprise management and security control play a qualitative role.

Capturing the problem: the focus is on what is going to happen

In the era of big data, people do not focus on the data itself, because no matter how large the data is, if the value of the data cannot be realized, it will have no positive meaning for us.Sometimes small-scale data can also bring us a lot of knowledge and provide a certain degree of value.

That's why some people say that what is really important in this era is what can be obtained from the data, and how much the data will tell us about what will happen.If the data cannot provide you with a judgment about the future, no matter how large it is, it can be defined as "invalid data".

Not long ago, a material unsealed by the US Central Intelligence Agency showed that there was an organization called "Predicting the Future" within the CIA.Their task is to predict future technological development trends as accurately as possible, and also analyze whether these possible new technologies can be applied in warfare.The function of this department is to "predict", to judge what will happen in the future through forecasting, and to maintain a high degree of accuracy.

In their work, there is a more shocking task, which is to use big data to analyze human behavior.A special agent of the department said: "When the computing speed and storage capacity of computers are greatly improved, then in theory we can compile human behavior into data, or we can collect a large enough amount of data and then centralize them. Save them, and use mathematical analysis methods to analyze the changing laws of these data, so as to realize the prediction of human group behavior.”

Are the results accurate?The CIA has released no further information, but the service has been operating for decades.This fully shows that the application of big data in macro management has already been carried out in some elite institutions, and its main application direction is to judge what will happen in the future, rather than to record what has happened in the past and today.

Coincidentally, there are still many people and institutions studying this work.For example, Eric, a professor at MIT, said: "I think a very interesting thing will happen in the future, that is, big data will replace human thinking and think about the world instead of human beings."

His hypothesis is very reasonable, and it is based on the basic characteristics of big data, that is, people's web browsing records, various data transmission and sensing devices, and the development of technologies such as GPS positioning and the surge of social network data.In fact, this possibility has already been established. If we can analyze it accurately, we can draw corresponding conclusions, that is what is happening in this world.All kinds of things are becoming more and more intelligent, and people make more reasonable decisions, and this is the contribution of big data analysis and management.Some companies have begun to use this to manage their departmental employees. A company in New York has incorporated big data thinking into the management system and established a forecasting model to accurately predict employees in the future based on past and current data. working conditions during the time.

What about other fields, like finance?A branch manager of a domestic bank said to me: "Big data has come to this time. After the emergence of the Internet, through cloud computing, especially the integration with online shopping malls, social platforms, and mobile terminals, it has now brought data storage and data. Analysis, this series of accumulation will eventually lead to the generation of accurate predictions. We can gradually achieve accurate control of the future, analyze data to judge upcoming problems, and then nip crises in the bud. That is to say, big The advent of the data age and the development of industries will greatly reduce the possibility of the financial crisis happening again."

How to solve the problem of accurate prediction and control?First, we must have a sufficient amount of data for analysis; second, we must find an effective analysis method.Just like in the financial field, people have the most urgent demand for the precision of big data.Of course, it is not easy to realize, and only through effective analysis methods can it be accurate.For example, which customers are your service targets, and what kind of service products should you provide to customers to get more satisfactory results.

The role of the government

In the booming Internet era, big data is not just a ladder, people can use it to get rid of the old management model and move towards a bright future.Moreover, big data also means that transparency is inevitable, which means that at the global level, the government and the country must also make more efforts for this transparency, make more powerful attempts, and play an important guiding role.After all, compared with enterprises and individuals, the government has the decisive power to promote social progress and technological innovation.

The Chinese government has done a lot of work to this end, and is still launching further positive measures.For example, in 2013, President Xi Jinping met with Robin Li, CEO of Baidu.The Chinese government also paid great attention to the topic of "what kind of future big data can realize", and asked entrepreneurs about their ideas.

Regarding this issue, Li Yanhong said: "Big data has shown the most important value in two aspects, promoting information consumption and paying attention to social and people's livelihood." In addition, the role that the government can play also includes social management, such as "real-time Monitoring and early warning”, which includes the monitoring of public events, the improvement of the public health field, the statistics of economic data and the promotion of big data infrastructure construction, etc., so that the government’s powerful hands can participate in the construction of big data China.Whether in the economic field or the political field, the role of the government is crucial and cannot be ignored.

In fact, as early as April 2007, the Chinese government introduced new regulations for the disclosure of government information, taking the first step towards data transparency.This policy stipulates that starting from May 4, 2008, the government will publish information on land use, public health surveys, and other official activities on the Internet, and citizens and enterprises can conduct inquiries and supervision.Now, the world's major powers have realized the importance of big data for the future development of the country.

Big data is becoming a powerful force to promote enterprise efficiency improvement and management change, and it is also becoming a catalyst for sustained economic prosperity.Because of this, the U.S. government has raised big data to the height of national strategy, believing that it is a new strategic weapon for the United States to continue to dominate the world, even more important than oil.

Therefore, if big data wants to really develop in China and form a world-leading industry, the government's strategic positioning of big data is very critical and plays a fundamental role.The government must grasp the five key elements of big data development: infrastructure, industrial chain, talent, technology and legislation, and play a key role as a promoter and guide among them.It is particularly worth mentioning that these five elements are beyond the reach of ordinary enterprises, and the government can fill this gap and play the role of providing strong support.

☆Infrastructure field of big data
A country's infrastructure in terms of information and storage determines whether massive data in the era of big data can be collected, communicated, stored, and applied.For example, high-speed network architecture, large-scale data centers, commercial data hosting centers, and neutral operator data centers, etc. These undertakings require huge investment and involve a wide range of areas. Individual enterprises cannot complete them, and the government must lead the construction.

☆Industrial chain layout field of big data
The industry chain of big data is not a single industry chain, but spans many industries including data providers, storage providers, analysis and mining providers, and application companies. project".For enterprises, they often only have application capabilities, but lack the ability to acquire, store, analyze and mine big data.In this regard, of course, we must rely on the corresponding service providers in the industrial chain, but the government has played a key role in the construction of the industrial chain. It can guide the strategic layout and formulate corresponding policies to encourage enterprises to invest in those areas that need key development. , to promote the rapid and healthy growth of the industrial chain.

☆The field of data mining of big data

The government can set up data mining and analysis platforms and innovation platforms to enhance the government's data analysis capabilities in the field of public management; it also encourages enterprises to set up data analysis centers to form a good situation of government-enterprise alliances and public-private cooperation.

☆Providing field of big data: transparency of government data

In the industrial construction of big data, the transparency of government data is very important, because after all, the government is the largest data owner.But we all know that it is not easy for the government of any country to open up its own data.Therefore, this work has a long way to go and is a long-term process.But at this stage, the government can provide enterprises with an open data platform, such as traffic data, administrative resource data, etc., for enterprises and citizens to conduct real-time inquiries according to their own needs.

☆Talent field of big data

Now, what Chinese companies lack the most in the process of applying big data is professional data talents, such as big data engineers.Cultivating this type of talent often requires huge investment, so it is also necessary to play the guiding and promoting role of the government.

The government can work with business and local tertiary institutions to ensure our graduates acquire the necessary professional knowledge and skills.For example, we can focus on offering some undergraduate and master courses in the field of data analysis, provide multidisciplinary research methods focusing on specific industry applications, accelerate the cultivation of talents, and strive to accumulate a group of high-quality big data talents in a relatively short period of time.

☆Technical field of big data

In the field of big data storage, analysis and mining technology and products, the investment is often very large, especially in the initial stage, it is a big project that burns money and requires huge investment.However, ordinary enterprises cannot afford such investment, and the role of the government is particularly important at this time.In the field of technology investment, the government cannot be absent, and must occupy a dominant position, and carry out technology research and development and accumulation with a long-term perspective.

☆Legislation field of big data

We know that the development of big data is always accompanied by conflicts with personal privacy rights. This is an unavoidable "dead spot" in the development of the big data industry. It cannot be avoided but can only be faced.Therefore, whether the right to privacy of individuals can be explicitly protected through legislation is the key to the healthy development of China's big data industry.The government should be based on preventing the abuse of domestic data and personal data from abroad, and help citizens better understand the use of personal data; at the same time, in the process of personal information processing, the government should also strengthen the relationship between enterprises and customers. The role of trust to regulate the big data market in the form of legislation.

☆The public health field of big data

In the field of public health, since the role that enterprises can play is relatively limited, the government should lead the process.The government should discuss the new model of public health information system and integrated application, the application of health emergency data collection technology, the mining and display of health emergency management information data, and standardize the development of public health with a macroscopic thinking of big data.It is necessary to strengthen the technology of data collection, and ensure the integrity, standardization, accuracy, safety and timeliness of data in the process of data collection and data analysis, so as to promote the development of public health.

For example, according to the collected data, if fever patients with certain symptoms are suddenly found in several places, the government will have to consider whether a certain infectious disease is about to break out at this time.This is something that companies cannot do, and it cannot be handled by hospitals alone. It requires a professional management department and government professionals to conduct data analysis and real-time early warning.

In this process, of course, the participation of enterprises is also required, such as companies like Google.At the same time, the government should also provide corresponding financial strength, make some budgets based on these data, and use data analysis to determine whether it is necessary to increase resources for certain medical and health service points, carry out relatively large financial tilts, and even mobilize urgently to prevent potential public health crisis.

☆Essence--the change of the government's thinking mode

If the Internet has reshaped the way we humans communicate and changed the ecology of human civilization, then big data marks a change in the way society processes information.The era of big data belonging to the government has also come, and it will inevitably lead to changes in the government's thinking mode.The previous outdated management methods, systems or decisions should be changed to adapt to the social characteristics of the new form.

For governments, big data is a huge asset.It is an economic asset, a political asset, and an intellectual asset.The government not only needs to absorb its nutrition at the macro level and improve governance thinking, but also obtain technological progress at the micro level to realize the transformation from data to knowledge, the transition from knowledge to action, and the display of action to effect.

How can China gain a real competitive advantage in the era of big data?It depends on whether our managers are ready for a change in thinking.If the mind does not change, everything remains the same; if the mind changes, everything changes.This principle must be kept in mind and used as a guiding ideology for the layout of the big data industry.

The government must be prepared to meet the impact of the big data era and respond to changes in the business model and management model of the whole society.For the government, this requires great wisdom and courage to master, use and open data to benefit people at every level of society, and thereby promote the progress of the whole society.

(End of this chapter)