Problems that are difficult for scientists to understand

Chapter 21 The Flames of War (2)
The French Guards in a phalanx resisted desperately while retreating slowly, and Napoleon had no choice but to get out of his car and ride away.His face was pale, with tears streaming down his cheeks, and he ran across battlefields full of corpses and ghostly shadows in the dim morning light.He tried to collect the remnants of the army, but was unable to do what he wanted. There were 2.5 dead and wounded Frenchmen lying on the battlefield. Russian troops were also soon to arrive - all of which left Napoleon in a utterly hopeless situation.He had to announce his abdication and began his life in exile towards death.

The reasons for the defeat at the Battle of Waterloo in France have aroused great interest among historians and military commentators.

Some people believe that Marshal Grouchy's delay in arriving destroyed the entire French army, because at that time Napoleon's army had 7.2 troops, and the British army also had 7.

It is also believed that if all had gone according to Napoleon's original correct strategy, the battle would have ended long ago and the decisive battle of Waterloo would not have happened.However, Marshal Nei X, who was ordered to occupy an important position in Brussels to contain the British army, was slow and hesitant, which prevented this operation from being completed as scheduled.Later, when the two sides were fighting fiercely, Napoleon ordered his subordinate Dellon's army to carry out a pincer attack from Frasney to the rear of the Prussian army, but Dellon did not understand the order clearly, and mistakenly moved towards Fleurette, who was behind the French army. The decisive blow was delayed by nearly two hours.And when Delron rushed back to the rear of the Prussian army, he was ordered by Nei X, who did not know the situation of the battle, to send them away. The French army fell short on the verge of victory, and the British army escaped the fate of being wiped out.

People often attribute the above argument to Napoleon's mistakes in using troops. At that time, he lacked capable generals who could attack and fight. Dama was besieged in Hamburg, Murat failed to return from Naples, and Massena was fighting in Spain. It is undoubtedly a tragedy that a group of generals cannot be loyal to them at a critical moment.

Some people attribute Napoleon's failure to his personal reasons.They believe that Napoleon is indeed a master of modern military art no matter in terms of the beginning or the end of the battle, but he has lost another thing, which is even more important to a military commander than genius , It is the confidence in the victory of the war, which led to the fiasco of Waterloo.Perhaps Napoleon realized that his own time was coming to an end. When talking about the Battle of Waterloo, he said, "I no longer have the self-confidence I used to have."Some people try to explain this with the state of Napoleon's health at that time. They think that Napoleon had serious signs of mental and physical exhaustion before the war. I was depressed and fell asleep several times."

Another version links Napoleon's defeat to the weather.The day before the Battle of Waterloo, when Napoleon was chasing the British army, it suddenly rained heavily. In an instant, the road was washed away and the fields were muddy. .In the early morning of the next day, the heavy rain that didn't stop all night still prevented the French army from launching the offensive on time. Napoleon, who was good at maneuvering tactics, was unable to play the mobile role of artillery and cavalry.The battle was postponed until noon, giving the British more breathing room.

Finally, listen to Napoleon's own explanation."It was meant to be because, for all the reasons, I should have won that fight," he said.

There are different opinions about the reasons for Napoleon's defeat, and it is still a historical mystery.

Why Hitler didn't attack Switzerland
Hitler was a destroyer, so people in the world can only mention him with resentment. In World War II, the murderous king gave up the attack on Switzerland for some reason.

In mid-July 1941, Rui Ge Mason, the leader of the Swiss intelligence agency, received information from the A-7 team that Hitler had planned to attack the small neutral country of Switzerland after taking control of the entire Western Europe.Rigo Mason's information about the high command of the German army was obtained from Rodoff Roesler.Roesler, a staunch anti-Nazi, opened a bookstore in Lucerne as a cover for his intelligence work.When he was still in Germany in the early years, Rosler met a group of senior German generals and established a deep friendship with them.For a long time, these officers risked their lives to provide top-secret information to Rosler, who emigrated to Switzerland.The purpose of these officers is to eradicate Hitler and Nazism in their homeland.In the end, Switzerland was indeed lucky enough to escape the clutches of the Nazis, but what exactly happened?
It is said that after receiving the intelligence, Colonel Mason ordered his subordinates who had been lurking in southern Germany for a long time to collect information about the deployment of the German army.Feedback information shows that the German army has 6 divisions, 2 of which are mountain divisions, which have been deployed on the Swiss border and are ready to launch an offensive.

In fact, there are far more German spies per square kilometer in Switzerland than in any other country in the world.That said, Hitler's counterintelligence had been preparing to attack Switzerland for some time.A man known as Uncle Frank was in charge of the German spy network in Switzerland. He sent more than 1000 spies to sneak into the industrial and political fields of Switzerland.Another German counterintelligence chief, Fritz Heylander, equipped the spies with money, false identification, radios, and cameras.As the countdown to the operation began, Heinrich Himmler's Gestapo was called in.Their task was to stir up trouble and find a reason for Germany to invade the small neutral country.

In June 1940, 6 people boarded a train at a place called Weinfelden, and they were seated in two compartments.Railroad workers found all 10 men were carrying the same brown canvas bag.This had to arouse his suspicion. These people noticed the strange eyes of the railway workers, so they quickly got off the train at a small station.The workers then reported their concerns to the police.

Colonel Mason immediately organized the police to conduct a rigorous search.Two days later, nine people carrying the same brown canvas bag were arrested, seven of them German and two Swiss.Each had 9 French francs in his pocket, 7 pounds of explosives in his canvas bag, pistols, hundreds of rounds of ammunition, and various daggers. One of the 2 people confessed that this group came to Switzerland specifically to carry out sabotage. Air Force airport runway. In the early hours of September 500, 6, a car marked with a red cross was parked under a road and railway bridge in Switzerland, on which the Amnes-Lary railway crossed a deep gorge .

Some people jumped out of the car and got to work under the tarpaulin in the car.Meanwhile, several other men planted 200 pounds of TNT under the piers, and the car drove away. Three hours later, with a loud bang, the entire bridge collapsed and fell into the canyon.This bridge is the only way for the Swiss army to fight back against the enemy.By 3, the German spy agencies had been implementing crowd tactics against Switzerland. For every German spy who disappeared, at least 1941 spies replaced him.

In July 1941, six elite divisions of the German army were stationed on the northern border of Switzerland, while infiltration, sabotage and subversion continued.Clearly, all of this is preparations for a massive offensive.But why didn't Hitler give the order to attack as he did to destroy small countries like Denmark, Norway, Luxembourg, Holland and Belgium?
Therefore, according to relevant experts' speculation, it may be that the war against the Soviet Union launched a month ago made Hitler reluctant to spend 6 divisions and a large number of combat aircraft in a small country like Switzerland, but this is obviously not the style of Hitler, a war madman. .Therefore, why Switzerland was able to survive the ravages of the Nazis is still a mystery.

How many people were killed in Normandy?
The Normandy landings changed the situation of World War II. It was a tragic battle. Too many people sank in the sea forever, but how many people never returned to their homes?

The Normandy landing campaign was a large-scale landing campaign carried out by the US and British coalition forces against the German army on the Normandy peninsula in northwestern France in the latter part of World War II. The landing began on June 1944, 6, and the landing field was established on July 6. On July 7, it began to switch to a land offensive, and on August 24 it occupied Paris and along the Seine River.The Battle of Normandy was a large-scale offensive launched by the Allied forces on the Western Front in Europe in World War II.The Battle of Normandy remains by far the largest sea landing in the world, with close to 7 million soldiers crossing the English Channel to Normandy, France.The Normandy landing campaign played a major role in launching a large-scale attack by the US and British coalition forces in Western Europe, accelerating the collapse of Nazi Germany and determining the post-war situation in Europe; it provided useful experience for organizing and implementing large-scale landing operations.The victory of the Normandy landing campaign was of decisive significance for the US and British coalition forces to open up a second battlefield in Western Europe.

The German army set up numerous anti-tank obstacles along the coastline of Normandy. The entire landing campaign was carried out by the US and British coalition forces under the condition of absolute command of the air and sea.The United States and the United Kingdom invested about 150 million ground troops.

Four to five hours before the assault landing of the landing troops, the U.S. and British coalition forces used three airborne divisions to airborne deep in Normandy, creating a precedent for large-scale airborne.It is said that in this battle, the US and British troops suffered 4 casualties, and the German army suffered 5 casualties and captured.But the fighting was chaotic at the time, and now we only know that thousands of people died in the Normandy landing on June 3, 12.2, to defeat the defenses of Nazi Germany and liberate Europe.

It was difficult to identify the bodies that had been torn apart by shells and bombs, and many soldiers fell into the water and disappeared.The soldiers responsible for counting the casualties were also killed.Records are lost and everything is thrown into chaos.Exactly how many people died is still a mystery.

According to the analysis of the researchers, the most authoritative statistics on the death toll will never be available. Even now, some remains from the wars of that year can still be excavated.So how many bodies are still undiscovered?How many victims are unknown?

Estimates of coalition casualties have long varied, ranging from 2500 to more than 5000 killed that day.To this must be added those recorded in the D-Day books, including the number of wounded, missing, and captured.

According to the website of the Normandy Landing History Museum in Portsmouth, England:

An estimated 2500 Allied soldiers died.The Center for American War History records 6036 American casualties, including missing and wounded.An estimated 4900 people died, according to the Washington-based Heritage Foundation.However, according to historical data, in order to weaken the defense of the German army, more than 19000 Normandy civilians were killed in the large-scale artillery fire of the coalition forces.According to the Normandy History Museum, the Allied forces lost around 1944 men during April and May 4 to pave the way for Operation Normandy.

According to preliminary estimates by researchers, the first wave of Nazis who invaded France had 3 paratrooper divisions and 6 infantry divisions, as well as tanks and command troops, totaling about 16 people.The invasion fleet is unique in history, with more than 5000 ships and landing tools.Counting German casualties is more difficult.Statistics show that although the number is unknown, it is estimated to be between 4 and 9.Many records were destroyed when the Allied forces attacked Berlin.

The current data is that a total of more than 42.5 coalition and German troops were killed, injured or missing.A total of 9383 soldiers and four other women are buried in the Omaha Beach cemetery.

So when will the truth of the Normandy landing casualties be revealed?I'm afraid it will take a long time.

The Unsolved × Rak War Mystery

This war was Saddam's tragedy. He lost most of his relatives in this war. Of course, he also lost his life and dignity in the end-when he was dragged out of the cave by the US military.

美国东部时间2003年3月19日晚10时15分，美国总统布什在白宫椭圆形办公室发表电视讲话，正式对×拉克宣战。美国策划已久的“倒萨”战争正式打响。×拉克战争是人类社会进入21世纪以来离我们最近的一场战争。

Whether it is the change of combat theory, the use of weapons and equipment, or the innovation of combat methods, this war has shown different characteristics from previous wars.Although the United States, the United Kingdom and other countries bypassed the UN Security Council under the pretext that X Lak has hidden weapons of mass destruction and secretly supported terrorism, they openly and unilaterally decided to carry out large-scale military strikes on X Lak.However, the Xlark War was still questioned and opposed by most countries and people.So, what prompted the United States to launch a war against the opposition of most countries in the international community?According to expert research, the reasons may have the following points.

The first point is that Laq is a major country in the region, located in the center of the Middle East, with the second largest oil reserves in the world, and occupies an important position in the geopolitics and economy of the Middle East.In this region of great geopolitical and economic significance, it is in the long-term strategic interests of the United States to eradicate a regional power that is strongly anti-American. Of course, the United States will not miss this opportunity.The Asia-Pacific region is the region with the most concentrated geostrategic forces in the world. The United States has extensive and huge political, economic, military and security interests in the Asia-Pacific region.The United States has always believed that it has very important strategic interests in the Middle East. In the summer of 2002, in the National Defense Report submitted by the US Department of Defense to President Bush and Congress, the Middle East was listed as one of the key areas for US protection.After the "9" incident, the United States took eradicating the hotbed of fundamentalism in the Middle East and containing the threat of terrorism as another strategic goal it pursued in the Middle East.With the establishment of the Bush administration's international security strategy centered on maintaining America's "sole superpower" status, the position of the Middle East in America's foreign strategy has further risen.Some US officials have publicly claimed that X Lak is the best location for the US to establish military bases in the Middle East.

The second point is that after World War II, the United States was encouraged by its success in transforming Nazi Germany and militaristic Japan.The Bush administration even made the promotion of American democracy and values ​​a fundamental national policy of his administration, and included it in the "National Security Strategy of the United States" published in September 2002.

In the report, Bush himself has an almost religious enthusiasm for promoting American democracy.Before the start of the war, Bush declared that his purpose was to set up a model of "democracy" in the Middle East, and then radiate democracy to the entire Arab world, paving the way for the establishment of a new world order under American rule.

The third point is that the real purpose of the United States in launching the war is to control the oil outlets of Lark and the Middle East, clamp down on European oil sources, weaken the European economy, and deter European capital from entering the United States in large quantities, thereby hitting the euro, and even making it bankrupt. Maintain the dominance of the US dollar in the international financial system. × The cost of the Iraq war and post-war economic reconstruction, although the estimates of various parties are very different, but the highest estimate is 2000 billion US dollars.To defeat the euro through the Lark war, from the perspective of cost-benefit, the motive of assassinating the euro can indeed be established.

The fourth point is an important step in implementing global strategic expansion.After the end of the Cold War, the balance of international power was seriously out of balance. The United States has superior advantages in many fields such as military, technology, and economy, and has become the only superpower. It has established a national security strategy with the overall goal of maintaining American hegemony, namely the hegemony strategy.

In the name of anti-terrorism, the United States entered Central Asia for the first time through the war in Afghanistan, increasing its influence on the situation in South Asia.This war against Iraq is another important step for the United States to pursue its global strategic expansion. In Bush's mind, launching this war is related to the immediate and long-term security of the United States, as well as its hegemony or quasi-hegemony status in the world.

There is another reason, and that is to control the oil in the Middle East.As we all know, Lak is rich in oil resources, second only to Saudi Arabia, ranking second in the world, accounting for about 10% of the world's total proven reserves.Assistant Secretary of Defense Wolfowitz, one of the representatives of the White House hawks, publicly stated that the main purpose of using force against X was oil.

In addition, launching the Clarke War can also help Bush Jr. gain political capital. He probably wanted to use the Clarke War to improve his prestige so that he could be re-elected in the 2004 presidential election, which was exactly what he wanted.After all, wars are complicated, and the political situation is even more unpredictable. No one can explain why the × Lark War was launched.

The Mystery of the Battle of Midway
(End of this chapter)