How does the Chinese Communist Party govern the country?

Chapter 14

Political consultation refers to consultations on major national and local policies and important issues in political, economic, cultural and social life before decision-making and on important issues in the process of decision-making implementation.The National Committee and local committees of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference may, on the proposals of the Communist Party of China, the Standing Committee of the People's Congress, the people's government, democratic parties, and people's organizations, hold meetings attended by leaders of various parties and organizations and representatives of people from all walks of life. Meetings and consultations may also be suggested to the above-mentioned units to submit relevant important issues for consultation.

In political consultation, a very important aspect is to negotiate major personnel arrangements.In addition to the eve of the election of "one government, two houses", the CCP will hold a democratic consultation meeting to listen to the opinions of the Democratic Party on the list of candidates and absorb their reasonable suggestions and opinions, including the selection of the leaders of the National People's Congress and the CPPCC after democratic consultation.CPPCC members themselves are the product of political consultation, and the generation of deputies to the National People's Congress is also inseparable from consultation. In the first half of 1981, the list of deputies to the Sixth National People's Congress entered the stage of democratic consultation. Hu Yaobang, then general secretary of the CPC Central Committee, specially convened discussions on the number of deputies on May 5 and June 30.When discussing the candidates for the vice chairman of the National People's Congress, more than 6 candidates on the list encountered opposition.Xu Deheng, a well-known scientist and the chairman of the Jiusan Society, and Mao Yisheng, a scientist, proposed that at least one representative of scientists should be included in the vice-chairmen of the Standing Committee, and the proposal was approved.Yan Jici, a famous scientist and vice-chairman of the Central Committee of Jiusan Society, was included in the list.

After entering the 21st century, in response to the complicated situation at home and abroad, the frequency of political consultations between the CCP and various democratic parties has increased, the content has become richer, and the results have become more remarkable. In February 2005, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued the "Opinions on Further Strengthening the Multi-Party Cooperation and Political Consultative System Construction under the Leadership of the Communist Party of China", which pointed out: "Incorporate political consultation into the decision-making process, and conduct consultations on major issues before decision-making and during decision-making implementation. , is an important principle of political consultation.” Subsequently, the CPC Central Committee and party committees at all levels adhered to the principle of conducting consultations on major issues before making decisions and during the implementation of decisions, and established and improved major decision-making and important personnel consultation systems and important information reporting systems .

According to statistics, since the 2002th National Congress of the Communist Party of China in November 11 to April 2012, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the State Council, and relevant departments entrusted with it held a total of 4 democratic consultation meetings, symposiums, and briefings on political, economic, and social development. The major issues, among which, 189 meetings were held under the chairmanship of General Secretary Hu Jintao.The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China has successively consulted drafts of many important documents such as the "Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Strengthening the Party's Governing Capacity Building" and "The Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Several Major Issues Concerning the Construction of a Socialist Harmonious Society". Amendments to the Constitution and drafts of several legal documents such as the Legislative Law, the Anti-Secession Law, the Supervision Law, and the Property Law, as well as medium and long-term plans for national economic and social development such as the Outline of the No. 46 Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development of the People's Republic of China , The construction of a new socialist countryside, the reform of the national financial system, the reform of the health system, the reform of the education system and other major issues related to the national economy and the people's livelihood, carefully listen to the opinions and suggestions of various democratic parties and people without party affiliation, many of which have been adopted by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the State Council and relevant departments .At the same time, the central leadership of the democratic parties can also use the "through train" method to directly communicate with the leadership of the CPC Central Committee. They can have direct interviews or send written opinions directly to the leadership of the CPC Central Committee.

For example, the large-scale implementation of the new rural cooperative medical system across the country is inseparable from the consultation proposals of the democratic parties.

In July 2003, the country officially launched the pilot project of the new rural cooperative medical system. In mid-June 7, Jiang Zhenghua, vice chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress and chairman of the Central Committee of the Peasants and Labor Party, and Li Meng, vice chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and executive vice chairman of the Central Committee of the Peasants and Labor Party, led a delegation of "building a harmonious society and developing new rural cooperative medical care" to Jiangxi for investigation research.On the basis of in-depth research, on November 2005, 6, at the symposium for non-Party people held by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Jiang Zhenghua reported to the leading comrades of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on the investigation of the new rural cooperative medical care, and put forward opinions and suggestions, which aroused the attention of the State Council. Leaders and relevant departments attach great importance to it. On December 2005, 11, Premier Wen Jiabao gave instructions to the investigation report submitted by the Central Committee of the Peasants and Labor Party. On January 22, 2005, the Ministry of Health issued the document "Several Opinions of the Ministry of Health on the Construction of the New Rural Cooperative Medical System", pointing out that: on the basis of in-depth investigation and research, the Central Committee of the Peasants and Workers Party proposed to establish and improve the rural cooperative medical system from different aspects. The ideas and suggestions of the medical system, the suggestions put forward are comprehensive, systematic, very targeted and instructive.On the basis of the pilot program, in 12 the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council decided to implement the new rural cooperative medical system on a large scale across the country.

For another example, the reform of income distribution is related to the basic livelihood of the people and the sustainable and healthy development of the economy and society. It is a key area for the party and the government to deepen reform in the new stage of development, and it is also a hot spot and focus of deep concern of hundreds of millions of people. The 2010 Government Work Report clearly stated the task of "reforming the income distribution system". From May 2010th to 5th, 19, Jiang Shusheng, chairman of the Democratic League Central Committee, and Zhang Baowen, executive vice chairman, led a research team to conduct field investigations on the subject of "improving the income distribution mechanism and promoting harmonious development of society" in Guangdong Province.

At the same time, the Central Committee of the NLD also entrusted the committees of NLD Shanghai, Henan Province, and Guizhou Province to conduct research on income distribution. The three provincial organizations held symposiums and distributed and returned nearly 2000 questionnaires.The Central Committee of the Democratic League has successively listened to the opinions and suggestions of experts and scholars inside and outside the League.On this basis, he wrote the "Suggestions on Improving the Income Distribution Mechanism and Promoting Social Harmonious Development" to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council.The proposal has been highly valued by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council, and has received important instructions from the leaders of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council.The Central Committee of the NLD has also put forward relevant opinions and suggestions on income distribution in the form of speeches at high-level consultation meetings and the Standing Committee of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference four times.In the proposal submitted to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on the formulation of the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan", the Central Committee of the Democratic League also specifically elaborated on the issue of income distribution.

Chapter 2012 of the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan” compiled in 32 is dedicated to “reasonably adjusting the income distribution relationship”, which is divided into “deepening the reform of the wage system”, “improving the capital, technology, management and other factors to participate in the distribution system”, “accelerating the improvement of redistribution Adjustment mechanism", "rectification and standardization of income distribution order" and other aspects have been planned, and the opinions and suggestions put forward by the NLD have been absorbed.

For another example, the international financial crisis has provided opportunities and challenges for the adjustment of the global economic structure, and the Democratic National Construction Association, which gathers economic circles, has a duty-bound responsibility to advise on this. In 2010, the Central Committee of the Democratic National Construction Association took "vigorously developing strategic emerging industries, promoting industrial restructuring, and accelerating the transformation of economic development mode" as an annual key research topic, and Chen Changzhi, chairman of the Central Democratic Construction Association, was personally in charge. On March 3, some experts in Beijing held a demonstration meeting for opening a topic and formulated a special research plan. From April 19th ​​to 4th, the special group went to Guangdong to conduct field research in Guangzhou, Foshan, Dongguan and Zhuhai. From May 9th to 15th, the special group went to Shaanxi and conducted research in Baoji, Yangling, Xi'an and Xianyang. On June 5, the special group visited the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and solicited the opinions of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology on the proposed draft to be submitted to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council.On this basis, the Central Committee of the Democratic National Construction Association formed the "Suggestions on Vigorously Developing Strategic Emerging Industries, Promoting Industrial Structure Adjustment, and Accelerating the Transformation of Economic Development Mode", which was submitted to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council in July, and was approved by the leaders of the State Council.At the same time, on July 4, the Central Committee of the Democratic National Construction Association made a special oral speech at the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. On October 8, the State Council issued the "Decision on Accelerating the Cultivation and Development of Strategic Emerging Industries".

In March 2012, at the Fifth Session of the Eleventh CPPCC National Committee, Jia Qinglin, chairman of the CPPCC National Committee, pointed out in his work report that during the Fourth Session of the Eleventh CPPCC National Committee, members focused on strengthening and improving macro-control, expanding domestic demand, especially resident consumption. Actively discuss and make suggestions on major issues such as demand, optimization of industrial structure, development of modern agriculture, promotion of scientific and technological innovation, and deepening of reform and opening up. A total of 3 proposals were submitted, and 6076 speeches were made at the conference. Many opinions and suggestions were included in the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" and related special plans and policy documents are adopted.Lin Wenyi, chairman of the Taiwan League, pointed out in the report on the proposal work since the Fourth Session of the Eleventh CPPCC: CPPCC members, participating units and special committees of the CPPCC submitted a total of 774 proposals in the past year.Among them, 6076 proposals were made during the plenary session and 5762 were proposed during the intersessional period.

After review, 5603 cases were filed.Among them, there were 5288 proposals from committee members, 279 proposals from the central committee of the eight democratic parties and the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce, 5 proposals from people's organizations, 29 proposals from sectors and groups, and 2 proposals from special committees.As of February 2012, 2, 20 proposals have been processed and answered, accounting for 5583% of the total number of cases filed.Among them, 99.64% have been resolved or adopted, 28.26% are included in the plan to be resolved or adopted, and 58.69% are used for reference.It can be said that the CPPCC proposal has made an important contribution to achieving a good start of the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" and accelerating reform, opening up, and modernization.

(End of this chapter)