How does the Chinese Communist Party govern the country?

Chapter 16

Participation in and discussion of state affairs is to carry out investigations and research on important issues in political, economic, cultural, and social life, as well as issues of general concern to the people, to reflect social conditions and public opinions, and to conduct consultations and discussions.Provide opinions and suggestions to the Communist Party of China and state organs through research reports, proposals, proposals or other forms.Participation in and discussion of state affairs is an important aspect of promoting scientific and democratic decision-making by the ruling party.Today, the annual report on the work of the government made by the Premier of the State Council states, "All members of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference are invited to offer their opinions."

As "critical friends" of the CCP, the enthusiasm and enthusiasm of the democratic parties and people without party affiliation to participate in and discuss state affairs has always been very high.

In January 1979, at the beginning of the reform and opening up, when Deng Xiaoping met with people from the business circles and democratic parties, he hoped that Rong Yiren and others could do some practical work around the reform and opening up and play their role.The Rong family once founded a well-known family-owned national enterprise in modern China.

On the eve of the founding of New China, when other members of the Rong family left the mainland, Rong Yiren decided to stay. In 1956, he handed over his business empire to the state free of charge, made outstanding contributions to the industrial revitalization of New China, and was known as a "red capitalist". In early January 1957, Shanghai held the first meeting of the Second Municipal People's Congress. Chen Yi, the former mayor of the State Council who was the vice premier of the State Council, came here on a special trip from Beijing to support Rong Yiren's successful election as vice mayor. In 1, Mao Zedong considered choosing several non-Party figures to take on leading positions in the central government. He entrusted Deng Xiaoping, then general secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, to recommend candidates.Deng Xiaoping recommended two people, one of whom was Rong Yiren.Therefore, the conversation between Deng Xiaoping and Rong Yiren 1959 years later was not a whim.At that time, Rong Yiren, vice chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, member of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, vice chairman of the China Democratic National Construction Association, and vice chairman of the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce, was also unrestrained in front of Deng Xiaoping. He immediately proposed the use of foreign capital to establish industries. Deng Xiaoping agreed.Deng Xiaoping said: "Comrade Rong Yiren, the China International Trust and Investment Corporation you preside over must stipulate a rule: Accept the tasks given to you if you think they are reasonable, and reject those that are unreasonable. You... The so-called full responsibility includes the use of human rights. As long as you do a good job in socialist construction, don’t hesitate.” In June of that year, the State Council formally approved the establishment of China International Trust and Investment Corporation (referred to as CITIC or CITIC). The chairman and general manager once again gave full play to his expertise and directly stepped into the front line of reform and opening up.

Those who are capable must have their place. On March 1993, 3, the first meeting of the Eighth National People's Congress elected a new national leader, "Rong Yiren was elected as the country's vice president"

The news spread to every corner of the world through satellite and radio waves.The overseas relatives of the Rong family all celebrated together. More than 40 years ago, when they emigrated overseas, they never dreamed that Rong Yiren would have what he is today!Rong Zhimei, Rong Yiren's niece in Germany, said: "I have been worried outside: whether the Communist Party can regard the fourth uncle as one of our own." The facts dispelled all doubts.The German "Berliner Zeitung" pointed out in a commentary ""Red" capitalists enter the leadership of China": "It is the first time to promote a businessman and millionaire to the position of vice president of the country, which is not only symbolic. Especially to the millions of overseas Chinese seeking their investment to show the Chinese leaders' determination to take reforms and the transition to a market economy seriously. Foreign journalists said, 'He seems to be a natural representative of China's dealings with the West.'” It is clear that Rong Yiren's political participation , directly promoted the development of China's reform and opening up.

The well-known "20 Plan" that China started to implement in the field of science and technology in the 80s is related to the participation of members of democratic parties in the initiative.Wang Ganchang, former director of the Central Advisory Committee of the Jiu San Society and honorary chairman of the 863th Central Committee of the Jiu San Society, is a well-known expert in experimental nuclear physics and has repeatedly put forward insights on the development of China's science and technology.

In March 1986, in the face of the severe challenges of the vigorous development of high-tech in the world and the increasingly fierce international competition, Wang Ganchang and three other veteran scientists put forward "Suggestions on Tracking and Researching Foreign Strategic High-tech Development" to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. Deng Xiaoping read Afterwards, he made an important instruction that "make a quick decision on this matter without delay". On the basis of full demonstration, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council approved the "Outline of High-tech Research and Development Program" (referred to as "3 Program") in November 1986. China's high-tech development has created a new situation.

After entering the 21st century, various democratic parties and personages without party affiliation have successively conducted in-depth investigations and studies on hot and difficult issues such as the development of the western region, environmental protection, education reform and development, and the construction of a new socialist countryside, actively offering advice and suggestions; Since the founding of the Communist Party of China, the democratic parties have focused on serving the theme of scientific development and accelerating the transformation of economic development methods, focusing on the "three rural" (agriculture, rural areas, farmers) issues, social security system, education development, technological innovation, strengthening and innovating social management and Contributed to major issues such as cultural development and prosperity, and put forward a total of 2007 opinions and suggestions, including 266 instructions from the central leadership.

Many suggestions and opinions of the central government of various democratic parties have been scientifically demonstrated, and some of them have been upgraded to national strategies, which have effectively promoted the sound and rapid development of the country's economy and society.

For example, the Jiusan Society has played an important role in promoting the construction of an economic zone on the west coast of the Taiwan Strait. In March 2008, the situation in Taiwan underwent major positive changes. The Central Committee of the Jiusan Society decided to promote the construction of the Haixi Economic Zone as a key topic for participating in and discussing state affairs in 3, and made specific arrangements. In May, Chen Kangfu, executive vice chairman of the Central Committee of the Jiu San Society, led a research team composed of the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Taiwan Affairs Office of the State Council and the relevant leaders of the Central Committee of the Jiu San Society to conduct a special investigation on promoting the construction of the Haixi Economic Zone in Fujian.On the basis of research, the Central Committee of the Jiusan Society formulated the proposal of "Speeding up the construction of the West Sea Economic Zone and Promoting Cross-strait Exchanges and Cooperation".After the proposal was submitted to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council, it was highly valued by the central leadership. In April 2008, the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference held a consultation meeting on the proposal. In May, Premier Wen Jiabao of the State Council presided over an executive meeting of the State Council, discussed and passed in principle "Several Opinions on Supporting Fujian Province in Accelerating the Construction of the Economic Zone on the West Coast of the Taiwan Strait".

Another example is the Zhigong Party’s suggestion to strengthen the construction of independent innovation capabilities, build the Central Plains Economic Zone, and promote the development of the Central Plains region; the Peasant and Labor Party proposed to increase the comprehensive development and utilization of Qaidam resources in Qinghai, and promote the economic and social development of Qaidam, etc. Opinions and suggestions from various aspects; Jiusan Society’s suggestion to increase the ecological protection and construction of the Sanjiangyuan area 1; the Taiwan League’s suggestion to promote the "Farmers’ Professional Cooperative Law"; and the propositions of paying attention to the construction of the housing security system and urging the legislation of housing security; the proposals of the Democratic Progressive Party to implement the green development strategy and promote the transformation of the economic development mode; It presents the important actions and achievements of the democratic parties in participating in and discussing state affairs.

As the ruling party, the Communist Party of China attaches great importance to strengthening ties with democratic parties, broadening channels for democratic parties and people without party affiliation to play their role in participating in and discussing state affairs, and actively creating conditions for democratic parties and people without party affiliation to play their role in participating in and discussing state affairs.

In 2005, the "Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Further Strengthening the Construction of the Multiparty Cooperation and Political Consultation System under the Leadership of the Communist Party of China" focused on the basic points of the democratic parties' participation in politics, their role in the state power organs and the CPPCC, and the forms, contents and methods of participating in and discussing state affairs. Channels and other channels have been clearly stipulated. For example, in terms of state power organs playing a role in participating in politics, it is necessary to ensure that members of democratic parties and people without party affiliation occupy an appropriate proportion of deputies to the people's congresses at all levels, members of the standing committees of the people's congresses, and members of the special committees of the people's congresses. There should be an appropriate number of members of the leadership team; in the standing committees of the national and provincial people's congresses, there should be members of democratic parties or people without party affiliation as deputy secretary-generals; local governments at or above the county level should select members of democratic parties or people without party affiliation to take leadership positions; Focus on selecting members of democratic parties and people without party affiliation from among the leading groups of government work departments that involve administrative law enforcement supervision, are closely related to the interests of the masses, have close ties with intellectuals, and are highly professional and technical.Those who meet the conditions can take up the post; the leading groups of the relevant ministries and commissions of the State Council must pay attention to the selection of members of the democratic parties and people without party affiliation; Do a good job in the selection and matching of leadership positions in provincial courts and procuratorates.Another example is that in terms of the role of the CPPCC as a democratic party, it is necessary to ensure that members of the democratic party and people without party affiliation account for a relatively large proportion of the CPPCC at all levels. Among them, at the time of re-election, no less than 60% of the members of the CPPCC, and no less than 65% of the Standing Committee members of the CPPCC. %, the CPPCC vice-chairman shall not be less than 50% (this requirement does not include ethnic autonomous areas); a certain number of members of the democratic parties and non-party personages shall hold full-time leadership positions in the CPPCC organs, and at least one full-time vice-chairman in the CPPCC National Committee secretary general.

According to statistics, as of the end of 2010, 3.1 people from democratic parties and people without party affiliation held leadership positions above the county level, and 19 people held deputy leadership positions in the Supreme People's Court, the Supreme People's Procuratorate, and the State Council's ministries, commissions, and bureaus. Wan Gang, chairman of the Party Central Committee, and Chen Zhu, a person without party affiliation, respectively serve as Minister of Science and Technology of the State Council and Minister of Health; 30 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) have members of democratic parties and people without party affiliation as vice governors (vice chairmen, vice mayors); There are 359 directors and deputy directors (bureaus) of provincial government departments, including 35 directors.

Strengthening the construction of representatives of the democratic parties is a basic project for upholding and improving the multi-party cooperation system, and it is of great significance for strengthening the construction of participating parties and improving the quality of participating in and discussing state affairs. In August 2010, the General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued the "8-2010 Outline for Education and Training Reform and Development of Non-Party Representatives". The overall requirements, operating mechanism, content and methods of team education and training, strengthening practice and training, and organization and leadership are clearly stipulated. In February 2020, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued the "Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Strengthening the Construction of the Team of Non-Party Representatives under the New Situation", which made a comprehensive deployment of strengthening the team of non-Party representatives. This is the first time in the history of the Communist Party of China. . The "Opinions" focus on the general requirements for the construction of non-Party representatives under the new situation, the discovery and reserve of non-Party representatives, education and training, selection and appointment, management, etc., and the strengthening of friendship and friendship with non-Party representatives. The "Opinions" also specifically emphasize that the party committees at all levels of the Communist Party of China should include the strengthening of the team of non-party representatives on the important agenda, into the overall planning of talent and cadre team building, and into the assessment content of the leadership team and cadre team building. It is necessary to improve the working mechanism, Efforts should be made to improve the working mechanism of unified leadership by the party committee, leadership by the united front department, and close cooperation between relevant departments and social groups.

In short, the democratic parties and members of the CPPCC exercised their functions of political consultation, democratic supervision, and participation in and deliberation of state affairs, and made remarkable achievements.However, it goes without saying that compared with the functions of political consultation and participation in and deliberation of state affairs, the democratic supervision function of the CPPCC is relatively weak. It still needs to make new explorations and make new progress in the aspects of democratic supervision method innovation, system improvement, sound mechanism, and smooth channels.

(End of this chapter)