How does the Chinese Communist Party govern the country?

Chapter 24

Although "one country, two systems" first achieved a breakthrough on the Hong Kong issue, the initial focus of this idea was on the Taiwan issue.The smooth return of Hong Kong and Macao and the prosperity and stability after the return have turned "one country, two systems" from a concept into a reality.This undoubtedly has important reference significance for the settlement of the Taiwan issue, and shows a bright prospect for the great cause of the reunification of the motherland.

As early as 1978, Deng Xiaoping said in several conversations with foreign guests: "If the motherland is reunified, our policies in Taiwan will be handled according to the reality of Taiwan." The investment in Taiwan can not be changed, and the way of life there can not be changed. But it must be unified.” On New Year's Day in 1979, the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress issued the "Message to Compatriots in Taiwan", solemnly announcing the Chinese government's major policy of peacefully resolving the Taiwan issue, calling on both sides of the Taiwan Strait to negotiate an end to the state of military confrontation, and pointing out that when resolving the issue of the reunification of the motherland, the "Respect the status quo in Taiwan and the opinions of people from all walks of life in Taiwan, and adopt reasonable policies and measures so as not to cause losses to the people of Taiwan." On January 1, Deng Xiaoping announced during his visit to the United States that the term "liberate Taiwan" would no longer be used in the future. As long as Taiwan returns to the motherland, we will respect the reality and current system there. In December, when he met with Japanese Prime Minister Masahiro Ohira, he put forward the idea of ​​"three constants": "For Taiwan, our conditions are very simple, that is, Taiwan's system and way of life remain unchanged, and Taiwan's relationship with Taiwan remains the same. Foreign people-to-people relations remain unchanged, including foreign investment and people-to-people exchanges in Taiwan. As a local government, Taiwan can have its own self-defense and military forces." So far, the idea of ​​​​using "one country, two systems" to solve the Taiwan issue has begun form.

On September 1981, 9, Ye Jianying, chairman of the NPC Standing Committee, delivered a speech to Xinhua News Agency reporters, further clarifying the nine guidelines for Taiwan's return to the motherland and the realization of peaceful reunification.The talk specifically pointed out that after the reunification of the country, Taiwan can enjoy a high degree of autonomy as a special administrative region, and can retain the military. The central government will not interfere in Taiwan’s local affairs. Economic and cultural relations remain unchanged. In June 30, when Deng Xiaoping met with Yang Liyu, a professor at Seton Hall University in New Jersey, the United States, he also said: "After the reunification of the motherland, the Taiwan Special Administrative Region can have its own independence and implement a system different from that of the mainland. The judiciary is independent, and the power of final adjudication is not required. To Beijing. Taiwan can still have its own army, but it cannot pose a threat to the mainland. The mainland does not send personnel to Taiwan, not only the army, but also the administrative personnel. Taiwan’s party, government, and military systems are all controlled by Taiwan. Take care of it yourself. The central government will also set aside quotas for Taiwan.” In June 1983, he said to Hong Kong guests: “China has Hong Kong and Taiwan issues. What is the solution to these issues? Socialism swallows up Taiwan. Or is the "Three People's Principles" advocated by Taiwan swallowing up the mainland? No one is good enough to swallow up anyone.... Realizing national reunification is the desire of the nation. If there is no reunification in 6 years, it will be reunified in 1984. How to solve this problem, I think only Implement 'one country, two systems'." In October, Deng Xiaoping also said: "The settlement of the Hong Kong issue will directly affect the Taiwan issue. It will take time to resolve the Taiwan issue, and it is too urgent." He also said, "'One country, two systems ' way, you don't eat me, I don't eat you, isn't that good? A foreigner asked me recently, is the policy for solving the Taiwan issue the same as for Hong Kong? I said wider. The so-called wider , that is, in addition to applying these policies to resolve the Hong Kong issue to Taiwan, it also allows Taiwan to retain its own military.”

In December 1984, the Sino-British joint statement on the Hong Kong issue was issued, which undoubtedly gave a great boost to the resolution of the Taiwan issue.Liang Bowen, president of the China Association for the Promotion of Peaceful Reunification headquartered in New York, believes that the concept of "one country, two systems" to solve the Hong Kong issue "sets a good example for solving the Taiwan issue, and it will promote the peaceful reunification of the motherland."

Hong Kong's "Sing Pao" also pointed out in an editorial that although the two sides of the Taiwan Strait still have differences on how to reunify, "it seems worth considering to adopt the Hong Kong model during the 50-year or even 100-year transition period."The smooth return, prosperity and stability of Hong Kong and Macao have shown the world that the Chinese government has the confidence, sincerity, and ability to successfully implement two different social systems in one country, thus greatly arousing the attention of Taiwan compatriots on "one country, two systems" .Professor Wu Yi, vice president of Taiwan Christian International College, was a staunch anti-communist in the past, but in recent years has also made positive comments on "one country, two systems".He said that judging from the return of Hong Kong and Macao, "one country, two systems" is definitely a great solution to the Taiwan issue. The system of "one country, two systems" will remain unchanged for 50 years. Taiwan not only enjoys economic and political development, but also is superior to Taiwan. Hong Kong and Macau can retain their own troops and officials, and they have what they should have, and what they didn't have before. This is a very good situation. On the eve of the first anniversary of Hong Kong's return to China on June 1998, 6, Taiwan's "China Unification Alliance" also stated: "One country, two systems" has been successfully realized in Hong Kong, and "One China, Taiwan people governing Taiwan" can also be successfully realized in Taiwan.

In the same month, the Hong Kong Cross-Strait Relations Research Center conducted telephone interviews with 1004 Hong Kong citizens. 57.4% of the respondents also believed that if Hong Kong’s implementation of “one country, two systems” was successful, Taiwan should or very much should implement “one country, two systems.”

In 1992, Jiang Zemin stated in the report of the 1995th National Congress of the Communist Party of China: "Under the premise of one China, any issue can be discussed." The basic policy, and for the first time used the words "Chinese people do not attack Chinese people", expressing "full respect for the way of life of Taiwan compatriots and their desire to be masters of the country, and protecting all legitimate rights and interests of Taiwan compatriots", "for Taiwan compatriots due to special The mainland side of the motherland also understands and understands the unique thoughts and feelings formed by historical circumstances.”This speech fully demonstrates the sincerity of the Chinese Communist Party to realize the reunification of the motherland through peaceful negotiations, and reflects the wisdom and flexibility of the third generation central leadership of the Chinese Communist Party in dealing with the Taiwan issue.During this period, Jiang Zemin also said many times that the successful practice of "one country, two systems" in Hong Kong and Macau will set an example for the final settlement of the Taiwan issue, which is conducive to the final settlement of the Taiwan issue and the realization of the complete reunification of the motherland.

Since the 2005th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, with Hu Jintao as the general secretary, has made major decisions and deployments on Taiwan, put forward a series of new propositions and new measures, and endowed Taiwan policies with new connotations. In March 3, the National People's Congress passed the "Anti-Secession Law", legalizing the major policy of completing the reunification of the motherland in the form of legislation. Will and determination.In April of the same year, the leaders of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party achieved historic talks and reached a "common vision for peaceful development across the Taiwan Strait." In December 4, Hu Jintao delivered an important speech at the symposium commemorating the 2008th anniversary of the publication of the "Message to Compatriots in Taiwan", putting forward six opinions on promoting the peaceful development of cross-strait relations.He advocated serious thinking and pragmatic solutions to major issues in the development of cross-strait relations with a broader vision, richer wisdom, greater courage, and more pragmatic thinking, and called for negotiations to formally end the state of cross-strait hostility on the basis of the one-China principle , reach a peace agreement, and build a framework for the peaceful development of cross-strait relations.

Thanks to the joint efforts of both sides of the strait, the economic, trade and cultural exchanges between the two sides have made great progress in recent years. In 2005, the mainland allowed Taiwanese fruits and agricultural products to enter the mainland market, and implemented a zero-tariff policy. In 2008, the three direct flights between the two sides of the Taiwan Strait were officially launched. In 2010, the "Cross-Straits Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement" (ECFA) was officially signed, marking the entry of cross-strait economic and trade cooperation into an institutionalized track. In 2011, the mainland allowed some urban residents to go to Taiwan for "individual visits".In this situation of close exchanges, people on both sides of the strait are mostly optimistic about the future development of relations. In 2009, the results of three polls conducted by Taiwan’s Vision magazine, including the “Cross-Strait People’s Cross-Strait Interaction Value Survey,” showed that 67% of respondents in Taiwan and 84% in mainland China believed that cross-Strait relations would tend to ease.In addition, 78% of the respondents believe that the mainland's policy towards Taiwan is stable and well-intentioned.Therefore, there is reason to believe that with the continuous strengthening of the mainland's economic strength, in accordance with the basic policy of "one country, two systems", through the demonstration effect of the return of Hong Kong and Macao, and through the joint efforts of all Chinese people, the complete reunification of the motherland will eventually be realized.

(End of this chapter)