How does the Chinese Communist Party govern the country?

Chapter 33

As the ruling party in contemporary China, the Communist Party of China pays special attention to the selection and management of cadres.Mao Zedong said, "After the political line is determined, cadres are the decisive factor." The most important thing for leading cadres is to do two things: "give ideas and use cadres."Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, especially since the reform and opening up, China's cadre and personnel system has been continuously reformed, strict selection and appointment standards have been formulated, classified management and legal management have been adopted, continuous education and training of cadres, and strict supervision of cadres have been formed. The distinctive cadre management model ensures the efficient implementation of the CCP's policies.

In the revolutionary era, the Communist Party of China focused on ability when selecting and employing personnel, and those who could lead the army to fight tough battles and win battles were promoted faster.At the same time, it depends on whether you are loyal to the CCP and whether you have firm beliefs.Unlike the cronyistic tendencies of ancient Chinese society, the Chinese Communist Party emphasizes meritocracy.Mao Zedong attended the First Congress of the Communist Party of China at the age of 28 and became one of the founders of the Communist Party of China.In the practice of struggle, he realized that the Chinese Communist Party can only achieve revolutionary success if it stands with the peasants who account for the majority of the Chinese population and takes the road of encircling the cities from the countryside.Not only was his great talent not recognized at first, but some central leaders who thought they were 100% Bolsheviks believed that Marxism could not come out of the valley.Mao Zedong was thus alienated and left the center of power.He said that he was relatively unlucky at that time, and even ghosts did not come to the door.On the eve of the Long March, he was almost left in the base area.But the revolutionary practice proved that Mao Zedong's idea was correct.The Communist International specially sent people to the CCP's base areas to deliver a message to the then CCP leaders, saying that Mao Zedong's leadership should be recognized.Mao Zedong relied on his talents to eventually become the leader of the CCP.

Mao Zedong had profound insights into the selection and appointment of cadres.He emphasized: "The cadre policy of the Communist Party should be based on whether they can resolutely implement the party's line, obey the party's discipline, have close ties with the masses, have independent work ability, be active and willing to work, and not seek personal gain. It is the line of 'appointing people on merit'." In October 1938, he pointed out at the Sixth Plenary Session of the enlarged Sixth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China: "The Chinese Communist Party is a party that leads a great revolutionary struggle among a large nation of tens of millions. Cadres with both morality and morality cannot complete their historical tasks. It is precisely because of the strict selection criteria that the CCP laid the organizational foundation for defeating the Kuomintang and winning the revolution.

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, economic construction became the central task. Many cadres faced panic.At this time, the CCP had a new term for the selection and appointment of cadres, that is, "both red and expert".Mao Zedong pointed out: "Politics and business are the unity of opposites. Politics is the main and the first. We must oppose the tendency not to care about politics; Comrades, no matter those engaged in industry, agriculture, commerce, or culture and education, they must learn a little technology and business. I think a ten-year plan should also be formulated. Our cadres in all walks of life should strive to be proficient in technology and Business, make yourself an expert, red and expert.” This idea of ​​cadre selection not only plays an important guiding role in the construction of cadres, but also promotes economic construction.

At the Eighth National Congress of the Communist Party of China in 1956, Deng Xiaoping and Chen Yun, who were young and vigorous, were elected as members of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee and became important members of the leadership of the Communist Party of China.Mao Zedong commented:
Deng Xiaoping was more fair and kind, more talented, able to handle affairs, more considerate of the overall situation, and more fair in dealing with problems.Chen Yun is from the working class.He is more reasonable, capable, and more stable, and he has a vision for seeing problems. "Don't look at him as peaceful, but he sees issues sharply and can grasp the main points." These comments actually reveal the CCP's standards for using cadres.

In the early days of reform and opening up, Chen Yun, an older leader of the Communist Party of China, proposed to vigorously select young and middle-aged cadres in response to the aging of cadres and the lack of success.This suggestion was supported by Deng Xiaoping.Furthermore, Deng Xiaoping put forward new criteria for the selection and appointment of cadres that are "revolutionary, youthful, educated, and professional."In this spirit, the Twelfth National Congress of the Communist Party of China in 1982 elected a group of outstanding young and middle-aged cadres to join the Central Committee. Jiang Zemin and Hu Jintao, who later became the top leaders of the Communist Party of China, were all elected members of the Central Committee at this meeting.At that time, Hu Jintao was 39 years old and the youngest member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.In his Southern Talks in 1992, Deng Xiaoping further emphasized the "four modernizations" policy of building cadres: "If there is a problem in China, it will still come from within the Communist Party. We must be sober about this problem, pay attention to training people, and follow the" Revolutionary, youthful, educated, and professional' standards, select people with both ability and political integrity to join the leadership. We say that the party's basic line will be governed for 100 years, and long-term stability depends on this.

What really matters is this matter. "Each aspect of the "four modernizations" policy of cadre team building has specific connotations. Among them, revolutionization mainly refers to the political attitude, political quality and moral conduct of cadres, especially leading cadres; Leading cadres at all levels must be young and energetic, full of energy, and be able to do heavy work; knowledge-based, requires cadres to master the relatively rich scientific and cultural knowledge required for their work; experts in the field.

After Jiang Zemin was elected as the top leader of the CCP, he proposed to build a team of high-quality cadres. On June 1996, 6, at the symposium to commemorate the 21th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China, he delivered a speech titled "Strive to Build a High-quality Cadre Team", and proposed five political and professional qualities that party cadres, especially leading cadres, must possess: first First, we must have lofty ideals of communism, adhere to the correct political direction, firmly follow the road of building socialism with Chinese characteristics, and resolutely implement the party's basic theories, basic lines, and various principles and policies; The purpose of serving the people is to closely contact the masses, especially the workers and peasants, and resolutely safeguard the interests of the people; third, to emancipate the mind, seek truth from facts, proceed from reality, be good at pioneering, and have materialist dialectical thinking methods and working methods; Fourth, model law-abiding, maintain integrity, carry forward the spirit of hard work, consciously resist corruption and prevent change, and resolutely oppose negative corruption; fifth, study hard, work diligently, continuously strengthen knowledge accumulation and experience accumulation, and have the ability to do your job well expertise and capabilities.

Hu Jintao was in charge of party building for a long time after he was elected as a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee in 1992, and he is quite familiar with the selection of cadres.After being elected as the general secretary of the CPC Central Committee, on February 2008, 2, he clearly stated at the National Organizational Work Conference: "The selection and appointment of personnel must adhere to both ability and integrity, put morality first, adhere to the correct orientation of employment, and truly put those Cadres who are politically reliable, capable at work, hard-working, and trustworthy by the people are selected to leadership positions at all levels." At the Fourth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee held in September 2009, Hu Jintao formally proposed " Adhere to the standard of having both ability and political integrity, and putting morality first."At the meeting to commemorate the 9th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China in 2011, he also proposed that "with a broader vision, a higher realm, and a greater courage, we must broaden the way to become talents, and promptly discover outstanding cadres from all aspects, and rationalize them." To use it. We must insist on putting the morality of cadres in the first place, select and appoint those cadres who are politically firm, have real talents, have outstanding achievements, and are recognized by the masses, so as to cultivate morality, serve the public with morality, lead talents with morality, and cultivate talents with morality. The employment orientation of embellishing talents and having both ability and political integrity. We must insist on employing cadres based on their actual performance, so that those who can do things have opportunities and those who achieve success have a stage. Contribute to the party and the people."

In addition to continuously enriching and innovating the standards for cadre selection and appointment, the Communist Party of China has also promoted the institutionalization and standardization of cadre selection and appointment. In 2002, the "Regulations on the Selection and Appointment of Party and Government Leading Cadres" was issued.This regulation has distinctive features: First, it insists on advancing with the times, endowing the principles, standards, procedures, methods and disciplines of cadre selection and appointment with new connotations of the times, fully reflecting the new era of cadre selection and appointment work. Second, adhere to the basic direction of expanding democracy, and have new measures to develop inner-party democracy and implement the masses' right to know, participate, choose and supervise the selection and appointment of cadres; More clear and specific regulations have been made in all aspects of the cadres, and new progress has been made in promoting the scientific and standardized selection and appointment of cadres; the fourth is to insist on system innovation, incorporating the open selection of cadres, competition for posts, pre-appointment publicity, and probationary period systems. The system of appointment, dismissal, resignation and demotion has been improved, and new breakthroughs have been made in promoting outstanding talents to come to the fore and clearing the channels for cadres to go up and down. The accountability system and the supervisory responsibility system for the selection and appointment of cadres have taken a new step in establishing a scientific supervision and management mechanism.

The "2009-2010 Plan Outline for Deepening the Reform of the Cadre and Personnel System" issued by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in 2020 requires that the deepening of the reform of the cadre and personnel system must adhere to the principles of democracy, openness, competition, and merit selection.In this spirit, the Ministry of Public Security tried for the first time to openly select three bureau chiefs from among 311 candidates.The Ministry of Land and Resources expands the scope of democratic recommendations in the form of recommendations, statements, and differences based on the characteristics of different positions at the bureau level and deputy director level.These explorations have promoted the competition among cadres, which is conducive to the formation of a cadre selection competition pattern in which the capable go up and the mediocre go down.After years of experiments and summaries in various places, the Organization Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China promulgated and implemented the “Examination Outline for Public Selection and Competitive Employment of Party and Government Leading Cadres” in 2010, providing a new yardstick for the two reforms of public election and competition for posts.

In order to prevent corruption in the selection and appointment of cadres, in March 2010, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued the "Accountability Measures for the Selection and Appointment of Party and Government Leading Cadres (Trial)" and issued a notice requiring all regions and departments to implement it conscientiously.In order to strengthen the supervision of the process of cadre selection and appointment, the Organization Department of the Central Committee formulated the "Reporting Measures for the Selection and Appointment of Party and Government Leading Cadres (Trial)", "The Standing Committee of the Local Party Committee Reports to the National Committee on the Selection and Appointment of Cadres and Accepts the Democratic Appraisal Measures (Trial Implementation), "City and County Party Committee Secretaries Perform Duties of Cadre Selection and Appointment Exit Inspection Measures (Trial Implementation)".These three pilot measures are connected with the responsibility investigation measures, and together constitute a cadre selection and appointment supervision system that requires reporting beforehand, deliberation afterwards, inspection upon resignation, and accountability for violations of regulations and failures.These measures also clearly stipulate that party and government leaders who take the blame and resign shall not take up positions equivalent to their original positions within one year; party committee leaders who select cadres who are obviously low in satisfaction with the masses will be held accountable; Responsibility.

According to John P. Burns, a professor of politics and public administration at the University of Hong Kong, "the Chinese Communist Party has a leadership selection system that controls public institutions." Able to select the country's top leader with little to no dissent."

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