How does the Chinese Communist Party govern the country?

Chapter 39

It was the Italian economist Pareto who first proposed the planned economy in the world.In his two-volume "Socialist System" published from 1902 to 1903, he proposed for the first time the idea of ​​establishing a "Socialist Ministry of Production" to implement economic planning.The Soviet Union was the first country in the world to combine the above-mentioned theory and practice, and link it with the socialist system to form a planned economic model.Due to the great achievements of the Soviet Union in a short period of time, especially the defeat of the invading German fascists in the Second World War, many countries learned from it, established a socialist system, and implemented a planned economy.At the same time, a fixed thesis gradually formed in the world: socialism equals planned economy, market economy equals capitalism.

After the founding of New China, the Communist Party of China learned from the Soviet Union and implemented a strategy of giving priority to the development of heavy industry. In the process of establishing a single public ownership system, a highly centralized planned economic system was formed.As the scale of economic construction expands day by day, the quantity of products and people's demands increase and fluctuate day by day, and the drawbacks of the planned economic system are gradually exposed.One is the single ownership structure.One-sided pursuit of one big and two public, and pure and pure public ownership. In some places, farmers raise a few more chickens and engage in individual transportation, all of which are regarded as capitalism.Second, the economic decision-making power is too concentrated, and enterprises become subordinate units of the administrative department, lacking autonomy.The director of a factory has only 500 yuan of autonomy on hand, and even to buy a typewriter, he must ask the higher-level administrative department for instructions.The guest houses of various ministries and commissions in Beijing were full of business personnel who came to ask for instructions and approval.

The third is to rely on mandatory plans to allocate resources, and the market mechanism is completely excluded.The rigid planned economic system has resulted in low economic and social development benefits, and people's lives are increasingly in distress.Clearly, the old path of the planned economy is no longer feasible.

After the "Cultural Revolution" ended, Deng Xiaoping came back again, and he vigorously promoted reforms.In this context, economists also became active. Aiming at the shortcomings of the planned economy in restricting the role of the market, they proposed that economic construction should follow the law of value and give full play to the role of the market. On October 1984, 10, the Third Plenary Session of the Twelfth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China passed the "Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Economic System Reform", which broke through the traditional concept of opposing the planned economy and the commodity economy, and clarified that the socialist economy is based on public ownership. A planned commodity economy. In 20, the 1987th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed to implement an economic system with internal unity of planning and market. In February 1991, when Deng Xiaoping went to Shanghai to celebrate the Spring Festival, he pointed out: "Don't think that the planned economy is socialism, and the market economy is capitalism. Serving.” In January 2, the 1992-year-old Deng Xiaoping set out for the south, walking and talking all the way, promoting his own ideas: the market economy is not equal to capitalism, and the planned economy is not equal to socialism, and both are economic means.The 1th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, in accordance with the spirit of Deng Xiaoping's speeches in the south, defined the goal of economic system reform as establishing a socialist market economic system.

Sometimes, foreigners and Chinese watch the same scene, but they see different scenes.After the innovative Communist Party of China put forward the goal of reforming the socialist market economic system, many foreigners believe that this is another "language smokescreen" of the Communist Party of China.Because the market economic models in the world mainly include the free market economic model of the United States, the planned market economic model of France, the social market economic model of Germany, the welfare state market economic model of Sweden, and the government-led market economic model of Japan. , while China's socialist market economy does not belong to any of the above.

Some people have doubts about the formulation of the socialist market economy. Does the market economy still have capitalism and socialism? It doesn't matter whether you want the word "socialism" or not.

In this regard, Jiang Zemin once explained that socialism itself means planning, and adding the word socialism to the market economy is not a "superfluous addition" but a finishing touch.Economist Samuelson said that China's long-term implementation of the Soviet-style central planning economy in the past has caused widespread inefficiency and caused a large number of state-owned enterprises to lose money.However, if a completely free market economy is implemented, it is also a very big mistake.He believes that the important role of the government in the economy should be maintained.At this point, the word "market" in the formulation of the socialist market economy should be properly balanced when the government leaves the old economic system full of problems.In this sense, socialism has real meaning, and it is completely different from the old Stalinist concept of the past.

In fact, the attributive of socialism, as Jiang Zemin said, points out the goal and nature of China's market economy. China's market economy is closely related to the basic economic system of socialism, that is, an economic system based on public ownership and coexistence of multiple ownerships. Combined.

The market economy in Western countries is carried out under the capitalist system, while China's market economy is carried out under the conditions of the socialist system. This is an unprecedented exploration. The creativity and characteristics of the socialist market economy are here. .The purpose of the Communist Party of China is to serve the people wholeheartedly, and socialism itself contains the meaning of fairness and justice.

Planning can correct the externality problems of the market economy, and can solve the problem of market failure through macro-control.The Chinese party and government attach great importance to the use of economic, legal and even administrative means to regulate market operations and ensure the healthy development of the market.When the financial crisis raged around the world and the economies of many countries suffered severe setbacks, the market economy with Chinese characteristics showed strong cohesive power, and could concentrate energy, time, and resources to jointly deal with the financial crisis. The superiority of this political system and the superiority of the market The full combination of these factors is the envy of many capitalist countries.

The Chinese Communist Party has expanded the role of the market without ignoring the positive value of planning.The magic of the market has been brought into full play, and China's economic system reform has made great achievements, which can be called a world economic miracle. The Neue Deutsche Zeitung published an article on May 2010, 5, saying that Beijing achieved stable economic growth with its planned economy.Western countries "so far believe that they alone have the only governance model to reduce poverty and promote economic development", but China's realistic planned market economy poses a challenge to Western countries.According to the United Nations and the World Bank, two-thirds of the achievements of all mankind in poverty alleviation in the past 22 years should be attributed to China.

Of course, the CCP believes that the socialist market economic system still has some problems and needs to be improved. The Seventeenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China held in November 2007 regarded the improvement of the socialist market economic system as the key to achieving the goal of future economic development, and put forward the task of further improving the socialist market economic system.Hu Jintao, General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, pointed out at the 11th anniversary of the founding of New China: "The Chinese people have the confidence and ability to build their own country well, and they also have the confidence and ability to make their due contributions to the world." Socialist market economy The success of China should be regarded as a contribution of the Chinese people to the world.

(End of this chapter)