This is the most effective way to learn

Chapter 13 Kung Fu is more outside the classroom - extracurricular learning methods for top students (2)
Before the stage review is over, the results of the review should be recorded.The results of review can include systematic knowledge acquired through review, new experience, new problem-solving methods, own difficulties and weaknesses, and so on.Review notes are not a copy of class notes, but should be concise and highly generalized.As a guide for you to enter the field of knowledge, it can lead you into every corner of knowledge.In other words, looking at the review notes can recall the relevant content in the textbook one by one.

The basic requirements of stage system review.

①Before the review, you should seize the usual study time and make preparations.It is necessary to use the usual sporadic time to prepare relevant notes, books, homework, test papers and reference books around the content of the review center.

②The review is carried out around a central content.When reviewing, we must first determine the central content of the review, and this central content should be determined according to the knowledge system.

When reviewing, from the content point of view, try to choose the content that is most closely related to the new lesson to review. In this way, not only the review task is completed, but also the learning of the new lesson can be promoted. In addition, the content of each review should not be too much , To be appropriate, we must pay attention to the alternation of arts and sciences.

③ We must insist on using the method of circular review.The so-called "circular review method" is: after learning part of the content, conduct a review in time.Then it's time to learn the next part.After finishing the study, do a second review.The latter review should include the content of the previous review.It goes on like this, one ring after another.At the same time, after learning a certain stage, the entire review content should be divided into several units, and a big cycle should be carried out after each unit review.If there is a lot of content, loops can also be interspersed.

④ Do some comprehensive questions.The purpose is to test the effect of the review, deepen the understanding of knowledge, and cultivate the ability to use knowledge to solve problems.What questions to choose should be determined around the center of the review, and the key point is to do some comprehensive exercises.The types of comprehensive exercises should be the same as the scope of knowledge involved in the review, and they should be used as comprehensive questions to further improve and systematize knowledge, and to cultivate one's ability to comprehensively use knowledge.

⑤ There must be concentrated time and a quiet environment.When reviewing, you have to deal with more knowledge, you need to see, think, write, check information, design system tables and comparison tables, and so on.This is more time-consuming mental work, so it requires a more concentrated time and a quiet environment without distractions.Otherwise, the normal review thinking will be interrupted due to time and environmental problems, which will affect the review effect.

⑥Make review notes.When reviewing, you have formed a complete and systematic knowledge through arduous thinking. You should cherish this learning result and record it in the form of notes in time for future use.Pay attention to reviewing notes, grasp the essence of knowledge, and you will definitely achieve excellent results in the exam.

A common method of stage system review.

time management method.

The method of time management refers to the method of objectively formulating the goal plan, which is the art of arranging time.Time planning includes long-term behavior, medium-term behavior, and short-term behavior.Most of the methods used in the review are medium-term operations and short-term operations.

The mid-term operation method refers to taking months and years as the unit, and is limited to the time arrangement for completing a review goal.The specific review plan for each part also adopts a short-term operation method.

The short-term operation method mainly refers to the review method of arranging the time for learning in units of weeks, days, and hours.This method has the following aspects:
① Focused operation review method: refers to putting the difficulties that must be overcome in the review into the time of the day when the mind is the most flexible and the energy is most abundant.Or put the difficult review on the days when the time is relatively concentrated.

②Insulated operation method: refers to the review method that is isolated from the outside world for a period of time and studied behind closed doors.In order to review some content or knowledge suddenly in a period of time, it is necessary to prevent unnecessary interference from the outside world so as to concentrate on reviewing.

③The method of double-track operation refers to putting together another knowledge that can be reviewed at the same time during the time of reviewing one knowledge.This saves time and increases efficiency.For example, students majoring in Chinese, when reviewing the development of free style poetry in modern literature, also review many works of contemporary writer Ai Qing, and compare the artistic characteristics of the three stages of Ai Qing's works and the ideological changes caused by them.It is conducive to deepening the understanding of contemporary literature and modern literature.

④Interleaved operation method, during the review process, exchanging the review content can reduce the brain's fatigue on a certain content, so as to maintain the best efficient working state.There are two cases of interleaved planning: one is the mutual conversion of different review contents, but attention should be paid to maintaining the relative integrity of the time and not splitting a large block of time into inefficient fragments.You can use two hours to review Chinese knowledge, and then use two hours to review mathematics knowledge.This is a reasonable staggered operation method.The second is to stagger the review and rest.In order to fully adjust the mechanism of the brain, you can review for a while when the review efficiency is high, and take a rest for a while when the review efficiency is low, or change it to other content.After a tense review, relax properly.

In short, time planning plays a regulatory role in the macro aspect, and it is interrelated with other review methods, and sometimes they are inseparable, so it should be grasped correctly from a macro perspective.

Distributed review method.

Decentralization refers to time dispersal, content dispersal, and location dispersal.Everything is inseparable from time and space.Scattered review time is like savings, you can use the scattered time to save up the broken down content. "Accumulate over time" will become a "rich man".

Distributed review method is especially suitable for content with less close knowledge connection.The scattered review method should pay attention to overcoming the influence of forgetting.Due to the scattered time and the interference of various environments, the impression is not deep, and it is easy to forget. It must be revisited constantly in order to consolidate the memory.The decentralized review method is not to blindly grab time to learn, but to learn in a planned, purposeful and targeted manner.That's how it works.Therefore, the scattered review method is best combined with the overall layout method and the time management method.

Concentrated review method.

The concentrated review method refers to the concentrated review for a long period of time.Like end-of-term review, exam review, self-study review and so on.

This kind of concentrated review is characterized by a lot of content, concentrated time, and less external interference.If you arrange yourself properly, it is easy to settle down and do a good job of review.So how to master the method of concentrated review?It is to make full use of time for comprehensive review, integrate the main points of various knowledge, compare them, find out the similarities and differences, connect the knowledge, and understand the outline of the development of knowledge in order to make a leap.Due to the concentration of time, intensive review, sorting out the knowledge you have learned, re-recognizing their connections, finding out the key points, deepening the impression, it is very helpful to get good grades in the corresponding test and form a permanent memory.Concentrated review should be used in combination with the time operation method.

Overall layout method.

When we write an article, after the title comes out, we must first carry out the overall conception, which is the so-called "planning the article".Make an outline, refine the theme, sort out the materials, plan the paragraphs, and then form the structure and expression of the article, and then officially start the "opening".The same is true for the review of the overall layout method.In terms of content, what to review first, what to review later, the proportion of each subject content, the order of review, and the overall layout.In this way, the overall consideration of the review time and the proportion of the content can not only highlight the key points but also take care of the overall situation, which is conducive to ensuring the smooth completion of the review task.

Easy first and then difficult.

As the name suggests, it is a step-by-step review method that reviews the easy ones first, opens up a breakthrough, and gradually contacts the difficult ones or hard-to-remember ones.From a psychological point of view, people's ability to bear is limited.As far as spiritual strength is concerned, positive factors must be mobilized to complete the review task. As the saying goes: the joy of victory inspires people, and the pain of failure depresses people.A person's success in his career, especially the first success, has a great spiritual stimulating effect.According to this principle, arranging simple content for review first can gradually eliminate the fear of difficulty, avoid self-interference during review, reduce mental stress, and easily achieve complete success.Arrange the review content according to the difficulty of memory, which is very suitable for the corresponding test. Review the hard-to-forget things first, and review the hard-to-remember things later, and arrange the easy-to-forget things to review before the exam, and you will get good results.

The principle of putting the easy before the difficult is that breaking the easy is the step and the weapon for attacking the difficult, just like climbing a mountain, climbing the gentle slope first, and finally climbing the steep mountain, which greatly inspires people's spirit and is easy to succeed.

Difficulty and ease are relative. The composition of each subject of knowledge follows the rule of first easy and then difficult. Break through the easy first, and take the easy as the step and breakthrough to attack the difficult.But pay attention: first, don't cut off the continuity of knowledge; second, you must firmly grasp the transition from "easy" to difficult.

Outline diagrammatic method.

Summarize and refine knowledge in the form of compendium, reduce complexity to simplification, reduce more to less, so as to be easy to grasp and remember, that is, the diagrammatic method of outline.Using the outline graphic method to summarize the review knowledge can prevent partial forgetting.

The graphic method is characterized by being intuitive, simple and easy to remember.But it should be noted that: ①The knowledge learned must be sorted out, processed, and understood before the outline or graphics can be extracted. ②The level must be clear and accurate.The graphic method cannot cover everything, and it cannot take care of all factors and conditions when considering all aspects. It can only be the skeleton of knowledge, and the filling of flesh and blood must be accompanied by review by other methods.

cross penetration method.

Cross penetration method is a special case of systematic review method.It has its own special purpose.

Psychologists have done such an experiment: Stimulate the nerve cells of the brain with electric pulses of the same frequency, and they start to respond quickly.This experiment shows that reviewing a knowledge for a long time will produce a kind of self-control shielding inhibition and reduce efficiency.When the brain power and energy permit, insert some review of other irrelevant content, which is conducive to regulating the excitement center of the brain.For example, the intersection of thinking methods, from abstract thinking to image thinking; from calculation review to problem-solving reasoning, etc.The cross-penetration of the review content often changes the way of thinking and the excitement center of the brain, so that the brain body has work and rest.

Using the cross penetration review method can adjust the boring and monotonous review of a certain knowledge for a long time.At the same time, it is also beneficial to infiltrate and rely on each other's interconnected knowledge, deepen the understanding and application of knowledge, and enhance the ability to solve problems.Even in the cross-penetration review, you will be inspired and achieve unexpected results.

strong stimulus.

The strong stimulation method is one of the review methods to help memory from the psychological point of view.That is, the memory formed after a strong psychological stimulation will produce an unforgettable impression for life.In study review or other experiences, things that cause drastic changes in spirit and emotions and shocks in emotions leave a particularly deep impression.For example: the questions that were not answered correctly in the exam have a deep impression afterwards, and they will be remembered better than other questions after understanding.Strong stimuli are sometimes imposed by the outside world, but self-generated often unconsciously.For example: suddenly enlightened, suddenly enlightened, suddenly enlightened, etc., are all incomprehensible, on the basis of one's own efforts, the changes that occur immediately after receiving external guidance. In literature, it is called inspiration, and in psychology, it is called neural communication. , the ancients called epiphany.This kind of strong stimulation generated during review is benign, and it is a reflection of the full activation of the brain mechanism.Intense stimulation often occurs in a state of high concentration and tension during review. The method of reviewing such an efficient review is called intense stimulation.The high efficiency generated in this kind of review, accompanied by spiritual excitement, makes all kinds of related knowledge come in one after another, which is very beneficial for solving difficult problems, clarifying the essence, and analyzing thoroughly.Once there is a strong stimulus, it is a good time to review as soon as possible.

Top students take summary as a compulsory course.

Look at those top students who don't seem to have done more questions than you, but their grades are all the way ahead.After observation, it is not difficult to find that one of their strengths is that they are good at summarizing.Because they are good at summarizing, they will do the same amount of homework, but can learn more knowledge.

After the top students finish their homework, on the basis of the inspection, they have to think again patiently, thinking about what concepts, principles, and formulas are used to do this homework problem?What is the relationship between this question and the sample question, which questions are related to it, what characteristics and rules can be followed, and what kind of question can be changed into a little change?Are there other solutions to the problem?etc.

After thinking again and again, they will integrate the knowledge they have learned to achieve the purpose of systematic mastery, analogy and inference.

Top students will carefully analyze the corrected homework.

(End of this chapter)