This is the most effective way to learn

Chapter 17 Are you afraid of Chinese? ——Chinese learning method for top students (3)
Let me give another example of an artistic conception poem: "Withered vines, old trees, dark crows, small bridges and flowing water, people. The ancient road is windy and thin, the sun is setting, and the heartbroken people are at the end of the world." Different from the previous one, this poem is mainly still life. The plot is missing.You can imagine it like this: a desolate village on the screen, withered and remnant vines hanging on the trunk of the old banyan tree, an old crow squatting motionless on the withered yellow tree, occasionally a little wind blows the yellow leaves Shake, shake, shake and fall.Under the wooden bridge, there is shallow flowing water, and there is a crooked thatched hut at the head of the bridge.The camera moves forward, and there is a loess road on the side of the hut, which seems to be a path for delivering letters in the past. It is desolate and desolate, and there is no one there.Not far away, a skinny horse was pulling an old cart slowly forward, and the setting sun was setting in the sky.From the other end of the road, an old man came in the wind and dust: he was walking there, walking.He is just a dot in the whole picture.This is a set of shots you envisioned, a desolate scene and then compare it with the verses, you will find that you can look back at the desolate scenery and imagine the author's sadness about himself wandering in the end of the world and missing his hometown, while singing out This ancient poem.

Using the method of touching the scene to generate emotion, you must pay attention to the imagination of the details. The clearer the details are imagined, the better the effect of memory, and you must use your senses comprehensively.For example, in the previous poem, you can imagine the general’s red shirt, which is a detail, and you can also imagine the fragrance of the wine, which mobilizes your sense of smell.The yellow leaves in the second poem tremble and fall with the wind, which is also a detail that is not in the poem, but it can deepen your feeling for the old vines and old trees, and you can also imagine the skinny horse pulling the cart, making a creaking sound , This can mobilize your hearing organs, and you can more and more realize how thin the horse is, how small it is on this desolate path.

Another example is when studying the poem "Chile Song", if you use words to describe the vastness and magnificence of the grassland, it will appear empty and powerless.So you can first play a song "The Sun That Rises and Never Sets on the Grassland" to stimulate your thinking.The quiet environment and melodious singing will bring you into the magnificent scenery of the vast prairie that stretches as far as the eye can see.Then read the text aloud and watch the video at the same time, showing the pictures of the towering Yinshan Mountains, the vast green grassland, herds of cattle and sheep, and herders galloping on the grassland with their horses and whips. These pictures can fully display the artistic conception of the four lines of poems.After reading it, you will soon be able to understand the free and unrestrained feelings of this poem and the admiration for the magnificent scenery of the northern grassland.Under the atmosphere provided by specific images, coupled with your feelings, the images in the lyrics and music will naturally enter your mind, and then you can taste the artistic conception in the poems and understand the artistic realm of the deep connotation contained in the images.

Copying and writing to learn Chinese.

Is there any way to learn a language by listening?

Have!Just copy and write.A method of learning by copying books.

People say that Su Shi, a famous litterateur in the Song Dynasty, was gifted and could "remember the memory".In fact, this is not the case, but there are other mysteries.

One day, a friend went to see him. After waiting for a long time, Su Shi came out to meet him.The guests were not happy.Su Shi explained: "I am copying "Han Shu". The guest did not understand it.With Su Shi's talent and the ability to "recite from memory", is it still necessary to copy books?Su Shi said: "I have read "Hanshu" and copied it three times. The first time I copied three characters per paragraph, the second time I copied two characters per paragraph, and now I only need to copy one character. After picking out a few words for a try, Su Shi was able to recite the relevant passages in response, word for word. Su Shi's "remembering from memory" turned out to be the result of hard work and hard work.

Su Shi not only copied "Hanshu" three times, but also copied several other masterpieces with hundreds of thousands of characters such as "Historical Records" over and over again.Su Shi called it "the obtuse method".

In modern times, this method is still applicable.

The language master Hou Baolin only went to elementary school for three years. Because of his diligence and studious, his artistic level has reached the level of proficiency and he has become a famous language expert.Once, in order to buy a Ming Dynasty joke book "Jian Lang" that he wanted to buy, he ran all over the old bookstalls in Beijing, but failed.Later, when he learned that the Beijing Library had this book, he decided to copy it back.It happened to be winter, and he braved the strong wind and heavy snow, and went to the library to copy books for 18 consecutive days. A book with more than [-] words was finally copied by him.

Mathematician Wang Zikun is good at copying.When he was in middle school, whenever he had time after finishing his homework, he would visit the library.He borrowed good books and was really reluctant to return them, but he couldn't buy them and couldn't afford them, so he made up his mind to copy them by hand.Copying, he thought it was still affordable.He successively copied "Advanced English Method" written by Lin Yutang, "Encyclopedia of English", and "Sun Tzu's Art of War". He couldn't put it down, so he copied two copies at once.Wang Zikun believes that people only know the pain of copying books, but they don't know the benefits of copying books.

From ancient times to the present, no matter what age, writing an article is not an easy task.But there is an old saying that "if you are familiar with three hundred Tang poems, you will be able to recite them even if you don't know how to write them."Transcribing can improve writing skills.Some people are still in the third year of high school, and it is still very difficult to write. They can only write two to three hundred words in 45 minutes, and there are quite a lot of wrong sentences and typos.There are also some students who are not of the nature of make-up lessons. Some students have already written quite well, but they still hope to write better. This method can also be used to teach.It's just that the selection of materials must be appropriate, and only the articles that are both loved by the scribe and really suitable for his study will be selected to copy, so that significant results will be achieved.

This method is also very effective in improving the reading ability of classical Chinese.If you really understand the content of the classical Chinese texts you have learned, and you can read them aloud, then copy them carefully again, and the accuracy of your cognition of common words will be greatly improved.If a high school student copies 500-700 words a day, it will take less than one semester to finish copying the classical Chinese that he has learned in three years in high school. After one semester, most of the students' classical Chinese reading ability has improved significantly.

No matter how effective a method is, it is entirely possible to become useless or even harmful, and copying is no exception.If "one size fits all", if you copy indiscriminately regardless of the actual situation of your mother tongue application, I am afraid it will not work.If you don't care how you copy it, and think that you can achieve your goal as long as you collect the copy book, it will probably be counterproductive in the end.In order for transcription to be effective, there must be clearly understood training specifications and specific guidance must be strengthened.For example, reading first and then copying, this requirement must be repeatedly emphasized; another example is to strive to copy the whole sentence, instead of copying each word, which is also crucial to ensure the effect; of course, the choice of materials is also important. must be carefully considered at the same time.

Reading notes method.

Many ancient Chinese celebrities had the good habit of "not using pen or ink or reading books".In the process of reading and reading, they habitually record their gains, impressions, or opinions, opinions, supplements, evaluations and questions on the content of the readings. This kind of record is called reading notes.Notes are often not limited to the books you read, but you can record what you hear, remember what you see, and post what you feel, regardless of the form. It is also a method of fragmentary practice.

Notes should choose the right target and accumulate in a targeted manner. It is best to combine your main attack direction, develop a habit, and persevere. "One thread a day, ten years to weave into satin".Notes should be read and reviewed frequently, "reviewing the past to learn the new", and also be good at using, drawing inferences from one instance, and making innovations.Before explaining this method, let's talk about the relevant knowledge of reading notes.

Reading notes are the most flexible type of reading notes.It is to extract the relevant materials in the book or article after reading a book or article, so as to express one's own experience, experience or impressions and doubts after reading.The reason why reading notes are called the most flexible is that it can not only express thoughts on the content of the whole book, but also research or annotate famous sentences.Therefore, there is a clear difference between reading notes and reading summaries. It can clearly reflect the author's point of view and understanding, and at the same time save the materials he quoted in the notes.

Reading notes are not only flexible in content, but also in various forms.Reading notes can be more or less. If there are words, it will be long, and if there are no words, it will be short.Although there is no fixed format for reading notes, they can be roughly divided into two types: one is scholarly notes.Generally, it is the author's new discoveries and cognitions on some small issues in the process of academic research, and generally does not involve major topics in academic research; the author's opinions can be expressed in the form of assertions, or can be inspired by hypotheses, conjectures, doubts, etc. The reader is left to explore the conclusion of the question for himself.When writing such notes, the incision should be small so that readers can easily grasp the problem; the materials should be new to make readers interested in reading; the language should be plain and natural to make readers feel friendly.The other category is reading notes.It generally does not involve academic issues, but only talks about ancient and modern events, social vicissitudes, ideological and moral cultivation, etc. The purpose is to inspire readers with specific facts, so that readers can distinguish right from wrong and know what to do.

Since we are learning by using the reading notes method, the key point is how to write good reading notes. The knowledge we want to master is written in the notes.As mentioned earlier, writing reading notes is expensive in comments.Since you want to comment, you must be good at understanding the meaning of the article, be good at using your imagination and creativity, and be good at questioning.These three are the prerequisites for writing good reading notes.Doing this will greatly improve your writing skills.To sum up, writing reading notes should be divided into the following steps in order.

Familiarize yourself with the original work and grasp its main points.

From ancient times to the present, "talking about wars on paper" has been a big taboo, and the same is true for writing reading notes.Without familiarity with the original work, it is impossible to write good notes.Because reading notes require us to write down our knowledge and feelings about what we read, it must be based on intensive reading of the original.After intensive reading, start from the key words in the original work, conduct in-depth research, and strive to accurately grasp the main content of the original work.On this basis, master the content of the original work and have a deep understanding.Thus, the first requirement is fulfilled.It should be noted that after familiarizing with the article, one must be brave enough to surpass the views in the book, and avoid copying what others say, so as to avoid deviations in the understanding of the original work.

Connect with reality and express your own views and feelings.

One of the taboos in writing argumentative essays is to post empty arguments, which are far-fetched.The same is true for writing reading notes.When writing specifically, you should grasp the key words or sentences in the text that make you feel the most.Otherwise, the comments of the notes will become empty and have no value at all.In addition, when writing reading notes, you should also pay attention to grasping the sparks of thought that come out inadvertently, even if they are immature ideas or fragmented ideas.Because they are our truest reflection of the article, they are very valuable.Record these fleeting sparks at any time, and it will be a very good casual feeling after processing.

Organize and analyze the summarized viewpoints and reveal the philosophy

The range of reading notes is very wide, and there are many objects.Therefore, when we write reading notes, we should use the correct analysis method to grasp the essence of the original work.In other words, you should write on the basis of a full understanding of the original work, and write what you have.Don't write hard if you don't have experience.

All in all, when using the reading notes method to study, you must base yourself on the whole text, think carefully, express your feelings, and highlight the philosophy.It can be regarded as the sixteen-character "mantra".

(End of this chapter)