This is the most effective way to learn

Chapter 69

Zhu Ziqing who advocated "reading"

Zhu Ziqing is a famous modern essayist, poet and literary researcher.His prose is meticulous and touching; his new poems are pure and fresh, expressing his heart directly.Representatives of his prose are "Back View", "Moonlight in the Lotus Pond" and "Qinhuai River in the Shadow of Oars and Lanterns".

He received enlightenment education from his parents since he was a child, and he liked to recite the poems of famous Tang and Song dynasties, and laid a good foundation in classical literature since he was a child.Zhu Ziqing has been engaged in Chinese language teaching in middle schools and universities for a long time, and he is deeply aware of the shortcomings of students' reading methods, so he attaches great importance to the research of reading methods and guides students to read.

Zhu Ziqing has a lot of expositions on the theory and method of reading.He not only pays attention to the quantity and quality of reading, but also pays more attention to the method of reading. In the method of reading, he strongly advocates the method of thorough reading and emphasizes the effort of "reading".In the article "On Reading aloud", he praised Yao Nai of the Qing Dynasty for "reading loudly, and self-realization for a long time" and Zeng Guofan for "unless reading aloud, you can't get its majestic generality, and you can't explore its profound interest without secret chanting." the opinion of.This is true for reading ancient Chinese, and it is also true for reading vernacular Chinese.He believes that reading is of course for understanding, and "reading" texts to extract meaning and interpretation "includes the degree of understanding and the degree of appreciation" ("How to Learn Chinese").Therefore, we must pay attention to reading, "because thoughts also exist in vocabulary, words, chapters, and tones."He pointed out: "Familiar reading is indispensable. Reciting is closely related to understanding, and it is a necessary step for appreciation. When reciting, the meaning of the dead language written on paper can be obtained from the sound and become alive. tone."

Zhu Ziqing regards recitation as an important method of understanding and appreciating original works, and advocates that not only reading poems and other literary works requires recitation, but also rereading classic works.He pointed out in the article "On Hundred Readings": "The classics give people knowledge and teach people how to be a human being. There are many topics in language, history, and self-cultivation, and there are many annotations. In addition, there are many related textual researches. Read Hundreds of times, it may not be able to penetrate everywhere, it is reasonable to teach people to read more."

Zhu Ziqing studied hard and wrote diligently throughout his life. He wrote nearly 30 kinds of works with more than 200 million words, mainly including the collection of poems and essays "Trace", the collection of essays "Back View" and "Miscellaneous Notes on Traveling to Europe", the collection of literary and artistic treatises "Poems and Zhizhi" and "Zhu Ziqing Essays on Classical Literature, etc.

An Effective Means to Cultivate Language Ability in Reading Aloud
Reading aloud, the ancients in our country attached great importance to it. "Reading a hundred times, the meaning will be self-evident", "Reading three hundred Tang poems well, you can chant even if you don't know how to write poems", which shows the importance of reading aloud.

Mr. Ye Shengtao once said: "It turns out that Chinese is the same as English. It is a language subject. It should not be learned only with the heart and eyes; it is better to use the mouth and ears in addition to the heart and eyes." It can be seen that reading aloud is undoubtedly an improvement. Effective means for students' language proficiency.Regrettably, due to the influence of exam-oriented education, reading aloud, the most basic training method of Chinese teaching, is often replaced by some explanations with half the effort, which makes the current students' reading aloud unsatisfactory: or like Lushan waterfall, flying down; or Such as sawing back fiber, rubbing pimples.This kind of light and sour reading will definitely not achieve the effect of reading aloud.

The ability of language sense is the core of language ability, and the training of language sense is a time-honored and ever-new subject in the research of Chinese teaching.Mr. Lu Shuxiang pointed out: "The primary task of Chinese teaching is to cultivate students' language sense ability in all aspects." Chinese teaching must pay attention to the cultivation of students' language sense.How to make students have keen language sensibility, with the continuous deepening of Chinese teaching research, this problem has been paid more and more attention by the Chinese teaching circle.This article wants to talk about some views on the understanding and cultivation of language sense.

Cultivate students' sense of language by reading aloud and trying to figure it out.In the words of Zhu Guangqian, an old man of aesthetics, it means "read a few good poems and proses by heart, chant them repeatedly, and ponder them carefully, not only to understand the exact meaning of each word and sentence, but also to figure out the momentum and voice of the whole text. The rhythm makes it immerse in one's heart and muscles, and when one writes, one unconsciously dominates one's thoughts and momentum." Mr. Zhu's incisive description is the essence of reading aloud and pondering.

reading aloud is good for your health
There are many other benefits of reading aloud. Health experts believe that: reading aloud is like singing, which can enhance lung function; It is self-evident that the spiritual joy brought by the elderly recalling the good times of Ai Ai is self-evident; reciting is also a kind of "thinking gymnastics", which helps the elderly slow down memory decline and even prevent the occurrence of Alzheimer's disease.

The latest medical evidence shows that when a person reads aloud, the parasympathetic nerve will work harder, the brain will be relaxed, and the mood will be refreshed.Reading aloud can lower blood pressure.According to the determination of experts, reading aloud for 20 minutes can increase the calorie consumption of the whole body by 10%, and if you persevere, you can get weight loss effect.Hypertensive patients will lower their blood pressure when reading aloud.

The health benefits of reading aloud lie in the fact that abdominal breathing causes a series of beneficial changes in the body.Reading aloud will cause the diaphragm between the chest and abdomen to move up and down substantially, thereby prompting the lungs to breathe in more air. This is abdominal breathing.Usually, people usually use chest breathing, which is a superficial breathing method. The movement range of the diaphragm is very small, and it is inevitable that there will be residual air in the lungs that cannot be fully discharged.When reading aloud, especially when encountering long sentences, the lungs will be completely emptied, and more fresh air can be inhaled when turning to the next inhalation movement.Increased movement of the diaphragm also sends a signal to the brain to relax.After receiving this signal, the brain will send instructions to muscles and blood vessels to relieve tension, resulting in a drop in blood pressure.

Reading aloud can improve back pain, and at the same time, the blood circulation in the stomach and intestines will be smoother, and the coldness in the abdominal cavity will be relieved.As the voice of the reading increases, the posture of the body will naturally become more and more correct, because it is impossible to let go of the volume without raising the chest and tucking in the abdomen.In the same way, people who usually suffer from shoulder soreness and low back pain can improve their symptoms of discomfort by mobilizing the back muscles through deep breathing.Long sentences are most beneficial when read aloud

During abdominal breathing, the waist should be slightly tightened, and the degree of tightness should be suitable for smooth vocalization.There is no certain standard for choosing the purpose of reading aloud, but there must be more long sentences in the article, such as lyrical prose, narrative poem, etc., in order to mobilize more abdominal breathing.Even ordinary reading aloud has such an effect,
A trend of reading aloud is now sweeping the Japanese archipelago, and non-governmental organizations related to reading aloud have sprung up like mushrooms after rain.When people read aloud, more than 70% of the nerve cells participate in brain activities, surpassing silent reading and literacy, which is equivalent to "warm-up gymnastics" for the brain.If you persist for a long time and practice reading aloud repeatedly, you can strengthen students' memory and improve their attention, enter an excited learning state, and enhance the learning effect.

Health scientists believe that recitation is like "gymnastics", which can make the inhibition and excitement of the cerebral cortex reach a relative balance, and the regulation of blood flow and nerve function is in a good state; recitation is like singing, which can increase lung capacity, make the whole body unobstructed, The unique function of pleasing emotion and nourishing nature; recitation is also a kind of "thinking gymnastics", which is especially helpful for people's mental pressure of "upward thinking", and exercises old memory and expression.Of course, reading aloud can also enhance the friendship between people.With so many benefits, why not do it?
(End of this chapter)