Interpretation of Lao Tzu's Tao Te Ching

Chapter 32

【A good soldier, an ominous weapon,】

Yan Kejun said: There is no word "Zhe" on the river. "Ominous weapon", there is no word "zhiwu" in the ceremony.

The case of modesty: the word "beautiful", Fu Yi's original "beauty", Muromachi's original "decoration", Shiji Canggong biography quoted as "beautiful is an ominous tool", all of which are literal.Song Xiangfeng said: "'A good soldier is an ominous weapon'. According to the 'good soldier', it should be a 'soldier'. Dadai Li's article on using soldiers said: 'The reason for using soldiers is ominous!' And:" The public said: "Chi You To fight with? ” The son said: “No.Chi You, the greedy man of the common people, what weapon can he do? "'This' is a proof of being a soldier. Or take 'jia' as '隹', and the ancient character is connected with 'wei'. The seal character 'jia' is similar to 'zuo', but far from '隹', so it is not regarded as '隹'." The case of modesty: the meaning of "being a soldier" is also unclear, and it is also true to be "隹".In the third year of Dade in the Yuan Dynasty, the word "Jia" in the building of Tao Te Ching in Fenxi Palace, Baoji County, Shaanxi Province, was changed to "隹", which can be proved (see the rubbings of the ancient edition of Tao Te Ching).Also, neither Wu Cheng's nor Wu Mianxue's two characters of "Zhi Qi" exist.

Wang Niansun said: The interpretation is "good, good", He Shangyun said: "decoration."The so-called soldiers in ancient times all refer to the five soldiers, so it is said: "Soldiers are unlucky weapons." If those who use soldiers say it, it can be called ominous, not "unlucky weapons".Today, "jia" is regarded as "隹", which is a typo. "隹", the ancient word "Wei" ("Wei" or "Wei", or "Wei").Only soldiers are an ominous weapon, so those who have the way will not go there.The upper part says "Wu Wei" and the lower part says "therefore", the meaning of the text is exactly the same.The eighth chapter says: "The husband does not fight, so there is no preference." The fifteenth chapter says: "The husband cannot know, so he is forced to tolerate it." And it says: "The husband is not full, so it can cover up what is not new."22 Zhang Yun: "Husbands are the only ones who do not fight, so nothing in the world can compete with them."The word "Wei" in the ancient Zhongding script is "隹", and the same is true in the Shigu script.And the four-tone rhyme of Xia Song's ancient prose contains the word "Wei" in the Tao Te Ching as "隹".According to this, the word "Wei" in this book is all changed by later generations. If the word "隹" is not mistaken for "Jia", later generations must also change it to "Wei".

Ruan Yuan said: Lao Tzu "a husband who is a good soldier is an ominous weapon", and "good" is a falsehood of "隹" (same as Wei).Lao Tzu's word "Fu Wei" is connected to many words. If you think it is "good", it should be "unlucky thing" instead of "vehicle" (according to the order of words).

[Things may be evil, so there is no way. 】

Yan Kejun said: Each book has the word "Zhe" under "Tao", and the great canon has the word "Ye" under "Chu".

Luo Zhenyu said: Neither Jinglong nor Dunhuang has the word "Zhe".

The case of modesty: There are no such two sentences in Chen Xiang's interpretation of the ancient moral scriptures.

[The left is more expensive for a gentleman to live in, and the right is more expensive to use soldiers. 】

Zhongjing Luxuan said: "The ancients all valued the right, so the descendants called the left move, but there is no evidence that the left is valued, and it was still the case in the Han Dynasty."And later, the officials who value the left, since the beginning of Wuhu cunning Xia.Hu Zegui is on the left, as the saying goes (Lao Tzu's carved inscription).

Qian's case: This is not true.In the eighth year of Zuo Chuanhuan's reign, "Chu people favor the left", which coincides with Lao Tzu's custom that "the left is the most important place for a gentleman to live in" and "the left is favored for auspicious things".In addition, the Suizhou original work "Guizuo" is a mistake in the word "Zuo".Youfu and the model version "Gentleman" have the word "Yi" on it, which is the same as Wang Xizhi's version and Muromachi version.

[A weapon that is an ominous weapon for a soldier, not a weapon for a gentleman, use it as a last resort,]

Wang Dao said: This chapter starts from "The Ominous Weapon of the Soldiers", which seems to be an ancient meaning and sparse language, but it has been passed down for a long time, and it has also been mixed into the scriptures.

Ji Yun said: From "unlucky weapons for soldiers" to "dealing with funeral rites", there seems to be some annotations mixed in, but the annotations of Heshang Gong and each of them are scriptures, and they are still there today.

Liu Shipei said: There is no commentary on this section of the case, but the ancient commentary and Wang's commentary are mixed into the main text, such as "an ominous weapon, not a gentleman's weapon". An ominous instrument" also.This article is regarded as "soldiers use it as a last resort", and the following nine characters of "soldiers" are all extensions.

Ma Xulun said: Ji and Liu Zhi said it is true.Wenzi Shangren quotes: "Soldiers use unlucky weapons as a last resort." Shi Huijiao, an eminent monk, said: "Soldiers' unlucky weapons are used when they are not obtained." Gai Laozi wrote: "A man who is only a soldier is an ominous weapon, and he has to use it as a last resort." The two sentences of "things or" are wrong slips in Chapter 24; It is also interpreted as "the instrument of ominousness".

[Tian Dian is the best,]

Yan Kejun said: "Tian Dan" in the imperial annotation, "Tan Hui" on the river, "Tian Ran" in the first, and "Tan Dan" by Wang Bi.

Luo Zhenyu said: "Tian", and the interpretation: "This book may be written as '栝'." "Dan", the current Wang's version is "Dan", which is the same as the imperial annotation version and Guangming version.The Heshang version is written as "Hui", while the Jianwen, Jinglong and Dunhuang versions are all written as "惔".

The case of modesty: Suizhou version is also written as "惔", while Fu version is written as "憺".The interpretation comes out of "Dan", which says: "'Dan', originally also called '惔'." Bi Yuan said: "Said the text: '憺, An Ye, Cong Xin, Zhan Sheng.'' Dian, worry also, Cong Xin , Yan sound.' The poem said: 'Worry is like 惔.' According to it, it is wrong to say '惔'."

[It is not beautiful, if it is beautiful, it is a person of Lekou. 】

Yan Kejun said: "It is not beautiful, but it is beautiful." Yu Zhu, He Shang, and Wang Bi wrote "Winning is not beautiful, but beautiful." There is no word "and" in the encyclopedia. "It is Lekouren", each book is "Killing", and there is the word "Ye" under "Ren" in the grand ceremony.

Luo Zhenyu said: "Victory is not beautiful", and Jinglong's and Dunhuang's editions are both "so not beautiful". "Those who are beautiful", Jinglong's work "If it is beautiful", and Dunhuang's work "If it is beautiful, it must be joyful". "It is music to kill people", Jingfu's version has the word "ye" under "people".

The case of modesty: Fu Ben wrote each sentence: "It is not beautiful, if it is beautiful, it must be happy, and if it is happy, it is also happy to kill people." The model version has the word "zhi" under "Ruomei", which is the same.Muromachi's original work: "Victory is not beautiful, but beautiful people are happy to kill people." The Suizhou version is the same as the Dun version, but the word "口" is the same as Fu's version for "kill", and Dun's version is "口".The case "口" is also a common word for this stone.Guangyun said: "'口' is a popular word for 'killing'. This word is seen in Baihutong." You Heshang and Wang Bi wrote "Victory but not beauty", and the word "Sheng" has a good meaning.Li Daochun said: "'Victory is not beautiful', or it is said that 'it is not beautiful', no." In addition, the four sons of Zhongdu have no following two sentences under "Victory is not beautiful".

[Those who are happy with their mouths should not be proud of the world. 】

Yan Kejun said: "You can't be proud of the world", the imperial commentary reads "Get Zhi", He Shang and Wang Bi wrote "You can't get your ambition in the world", and there is no word "ze" in the canon.

Luo Zhenyu said: In the Wang version, "Whoever is happy to kill someone cannot succeed in the world." Neither the Jinglong version nor the Dunhuang version has the word "ren".None of the three copies of Yuzhu and Yuzhu have the characters "Ze" and "Yi".And there is no word "任" in the English editions. "Dezhi", both Jinglong and Dunhuang's "zhi" are "meaning".

Qian’s case: Suizhou’s version of this sentence reads, “Those who are happy with their husbands should not be proud of the world”, and Fu’s version is “Whoever is happy with people who kill people, should not be proud of their ambitions in the world.”The template is the same as Fu's, except that there is no first word "person".

[Therefore, good things are on the left, and bad things are on the right.Therefore, the partial general is on the left, and the top general is on the right. 】

Yan Kejun said: "The auspicious things are on the left", and there is no word "Gu" in each edition. "Jizuo", "Zhuzuo" in imperial notes and Dadian, and "Zhuyou" below.

Wei Jiasun said: "Yi Yi is partial to the general", and there is no word "Yi Yi" in the imperial notes.

Luo Zhenyu said: Jinglong and Dunhuang have the word "Gu" on the word "Ji", and Jingfu's "Shang" is "Shang", the same below. "Fierce" is "mourning" in Dunhuang's original work. Under "Shangyou", both Jinglong and Dunhuang have the word "Yi".

Qian's case: Heshang and Wang Bi did not have the word "Yi", but Wang Xizhi's, Fu and Fan's editions did.And Fu, Fan "ju" and as "place".

[There are many people in the mouth, weeping with sorrow;]

Yan Kejun said: Heshang and Wang Bi are "murderers".In this sentence, there are six characters on the imperial annotation and on the river that "deal with funeral rites", and the words in the annotation are inserted into the main text, which has nothing to do with the grand ceremony.

Yi Shunding said: "Wang Bi's book alone has no commentary on this chapter, so Chao Jingyuan suspects that Wang Bi's chapter is not what Lao Tzu said."According to this chapter, I agree with Lao Tzu's eloquent words, "If the resistance is added, the mourner will win." I don't understand why Chao made such a fallacy?However, the language in this chapter is quite redundant, and it is suspected that an ancient commentary was mistakenly included in the main text, "words are treated with funeral rites", looking at the word "words", it seems to be the words of a commentary.

Tan Xian said: In the past, people said: "After a big soldier, there must be a bad year", the horoscope was mistakenly entered.It is also annotated with three sentences as "the general is on the left, the general on the right is on the right, and the funeral is used to deal with it". Neither Yizhou Shiben nor Yulan Yin have the sentence "say it with funeral rites".

Yan Kejun said: "sorrow", Wang Bi said "sorrow".

Qian's case: Daozang King's original work "Sadness" can be revised accordingly.

"Crying" again, and when it is said, it is regarded as "come".Luo Yunxian said: "weeping" should be regarded as "come".There is no word "Li" in the text, and the cover is "口" (Chapter 32 of this book, Zhou Guan, Zuo Zhuan, and Zhuangzi also have the word "Li", and it is said that the cover of the text has not been collected, and "Li" and "口" are the same. Huainan Chu Zhenxun Annotation quotes Lao Tzu as "reaching the world with Tao", and "Come" is literally "口").Said the text: "口, Lin Ye." "Lai Zhi" is the same as "Chu Zhi" in the next sentence.Shen Jian's political system "describes likes and dislikes, expresses joy and anger, expresses sorrow and joy", and "expresses sorrow and sorrow", the grammar is correct.

[Victory, deal with mourning. 】

Yan Kejun said: "Sorrow Rituals", each book is "Funeral Rituals".

The Case of Qian: Zhang Taishou of Daozang collected and engraved the annotations of four scholars. At the end of this chapter, he quoted Wang Bi's annotation "It is doubtful that this is not the work of Laozi".Heshang’s commentary was added to the sentences from “the unlucky weapon of the soldier” to “the words are used to deal with it with funeral rites”.Although there are many ancient annotations in this chapter, there are such words as "the unlucky weapon of a husband who kills soldiers", "killing many people, and mourning them", "victory, dealing with them with mourning", etc., which are all ancient sayings. Non-Lao Tzu did not dare to speak, could not speak.Now try to delete the redundancy, and formulate the scriptures as follows: A husband who is a soldier is an ominous weapon, (a weapon that is an ominous weapon for a soldier, not a weapon for a gentleman.) Things may be evil, so those who have the way should not be treated. (Use it as a last resort, tranquility is the most important thing.) When a gentleman lives, he pays more attention to the left, and when he uses soldiers, he pays more to the right. (Auspicious things are on the left, and bad things are on the right, so the partial general is on the left and the top general is on the right.) There are many murders, and they are mourned. (Victory is not beautiful. If it is beautiful, it is joy to kill. If you are happy to kill, you should not be proud of the world.) Victory should be punished with mourning. (If you say that you live in the world, you should deal with it with funeral rites.) Qian Zhi’s case: Wang Xizhi’s version, Fu’s, and model versions “say that you should deal with it with funeral rites”, and under “words” there are four characters of “jushangshize”.Cheng Dachang Yi Laotong quoted "shi" as "shi", which is suspected to be an ancient annotation, but it is supplemented today.

[Phonetic Rhyme] The old sayings in this chapter are mostly confusing, so the rhyme is not mentioned.In fact, in this chapter, the rhyme (the part of the fish) is the part, the device, the evil, and the part, and the rhyme (the part) is the right part, the part, and the part.The person, the ancient sound Zhu, the right, the ancient sound Yi.The knowledge and text are multi-related, and only the inserted comments in the middle can be deleted.

The Youjinglong stele version is not divided into chapters, with one hundred and seven characters, the Dunhuang version has 110 four characters, the Heshang version has 110 six characters, the Wang version has 110 seven characters, the Fu version has 130 three characters, and the model version has 130 four characters.Heshang's title is "Yanwu No.30-31", Wang's title is "Chapter 30", and the model title is "Fujia Bing Chapter No.[-]-[-]".

(End of this chapter)