Interpretation of Lao Tzu's Tao Te Ching

Chapter 4

【If you don't honor the virtuous, the people will not fight;】

Yan Kejun said: "Shang" in each book is "shang".

Luo Zhenyu said: The Dunhuang work is "not a treasure".

The case of modesty: it is also "upper". The word "bao" is suspicious. "Shang" is the same as "Shang".Huainan Qi custom: "Thus Lao Tzu said, "If you don't go up to the virtuous", your words will not make fish like trees, and birds will sink into the deep." The quotation is also called "Shang", which is the same as Jinglong, Dunhuang, and Suizhou."People" in Suizhou is used as "people", the same as in the next sentence.

[Not expensive and hard-to-find goods, so that the people will not steal;]

Qian's case: Heshang, Wang, Fu, and Fan's editions all have the word "for" under "Piece", and the Suizhou, Dunhuang, and Yuzhu editions are in the same province as this stone.Beitang Book Note [-] quotes "Not expensive goods, so that the people will not steal", so there is no word "for" in the original.

【If you don't see what you want, keep your mind from being confused. 】

Yan Kejun said: "Make your mind not to be confused", and Wang Bi's "shi" has the word "min".

Bi Yuan said: Heshang Gong wrote "to keep the mind from being disturbed", without the word "people".There is no "people" in Huainan Ziyin's case.

Yi Shunding said: The biography of Wu Yin in the book of Jin said: "If you don't see what you want, you can keep your mind from being disturbed." The two quotations of Anthology Tokyo Fu Annotation and Shen Xiuwen Zhongshan Poetry Annotation also do not have the word "people".There is no word "min" in Wang Bing's note on Su Questionnaire [-] to quote Lao Tzu.

Ji Yun said: "There is no word "min" in the original and other editions, but it is in the Yongle Grand Canon.According to Bi's annotation "so you can not see it if you want to see it", and it is said that "no life is a thief", so the scriptures have the word "people".

Liu Shipei said: "The Anthology of Anthology Tokyo Fu" is quoted as "keep the mind not disturbed", and Yi Gen Gua Kong Shu quoted this article without the word "min", because the word "min" was avoided in the early Tang Dynasty and deleted.The ancient version actually has the word "min", which is the same as the above two "min".

The case of modesty: Ji and Liu Zhi said it was wrong.Wang Bi's note: "Wearing a stick to explore the suitcase, stealing without life, so if you want to see it, you will have nothing to worry about." It is Wang Ben who does not have the word "min".The Yongle Grand Dian Gai followed Wu Cheng's version and added the word "Min" indiscriminately.Liu's claim that there is no word "min" was deleted in the early Tang Dynasty to avoid taboos. I don't know that there is no word "min" in the ancient version, and there is no word "min" in the quotation 34 of the important volume of governance in the early Tang Dynasty.If this is related to taboo, why not add two sentences of "min" and delete it?This is not to delete indiscriminately, but to increase ears indiscriminately.But Wu Cheng also has a copy. Chu Suiliang's 15-year postscript to Wang Xizhi's postscript, "People's Hearts Are Not Disturbed", is the same as Fu and Fan's copies. I know it has been wrong for a long time.Although Fu and Fan are known as ancient editions, they were actually modified by later generations, and their words and sentences are more complex than his editions. This is one example.

【The Rule of Saints:】

Yan Kejun said: Each of the original sentences has the word "Yi" on it, and Wang Bi has the word "Zhi" under "Ren".

Wu Yun said: Fu Ben has the word "Ye" under "The Rule of Saints"; Li Daochun doesn't have the word "Zhi Zhi".

The case of modesty: the word "zhi" is.

【Empty your heart, strengthen your belly, weaken your will, strengthen your bones. 】

Luo Zhenyu said: Explanation: "'Qiang' is also called 'qiang'." The Dunhuang version is "qiang".

Qian's case: Lou Zheng's version is also written as "qiang".You Qun Shu Zhi Yao Volume 34 quotes "It is the rule of saints that often makes the people ignorant and desireless", missing four sentences of "empty their hearts".

【Often make the people ignorant and desireless,】

Yan Kejun said: "Often envoys to the people", the imperial note is "envoys to people".

Luo Zhenyu said: "People" is taboo in the imperial annotations.

The case of Qian: Wang Xizhi does not have the character "Chang" in its origin, and Suizhou does not have the character "Min" in its origin.

[If those who know do not dare to act, everything will be cured. 】

Yan Kejun said: "The person who makes the knower" has the word "husband" under the word "shi" in each book. "Don't dare to do anything", there are three characters "doing nothing" under each sentence, and Wang Bi has the four characters "also doing nothing".

Luo Zhenyu said: "Zhi", today it is written as "Zhi", and the word "Zhizhe" is written in the interpretation, and the phonetic word is "Zhi", and Zhiwang is originally written as "Zhi".Jinglong, Yuzhu, and Dunhuang are also called "Zhi".In addition, Jinglong, Yuzhu, Dunhuang, and Jingfu have no word "ye" under "wei".

Qian’s case: According to Luo’s photocopy of the Dunhuang edition of Zhensongtang’s secret books in the west of the border, there is a word “no” under the word “dare”, and Luo Kaoyi missed the school.In addition, the Suizhou stele is also written as "Dare not not to do it".Qiang Siqi quoted as Xuan Yingshu: "Before, I gave up desires and had no desires, and I am afraid that those who have no desires will stagnate in empty views, and take no desires as the way, and those who dare not do nothing in terms of words will send no desires. Fear of holding on If you don’t do this, you will not dare to do it.” It is also written as “Dare not not to do it” in Cheng Shu’s edition.However, Gu Bencheng wrote "Those who dare not do what they say will be sent without desire", and the word "no" is removed.In this case, "dare not" and "not doing it" are two different things. Compared with the previous article "ignorance and no desire", "dare not" is the punctuation sentence.In the thirty chapters of the scriptures, "Do not rely on strength", each version has the word "dare" under "no", and the word "dare" is a derivative of the word.But Chapter 67 "Dare not to be the first in the world", Chapter 69 "I dare not be a guest for the master, dare not advance an inch and retreat", and Chapter 73 "Be brave and dare not live", with "dare not" and "not "For" Yes, I know that Gu Bencheng's scriptures are misunderstood.Lao Tzu originally meant that the general people are often made ignorant and desireless, and the few who know do not dare to do anything.

And if you don't dare to do it, if you don't do it, you can't cure it.Lunheng Natural Chapter said: "Zi Boyu ruled Wei, Zi Gong asked people: 'How to rule Wei? .Based on Lao Tzu's intention, he thought that there was no cure for being too high.In the so-called rulers of the world, people will fight for meritorious service; if rare goods are valued, people will be thieves;Today, it is the opposite, so that the people do not see worthy people, valuable goods, and desirable things.If so, it will be chaotic and chaotic, anti-plain and mellow, and often make the people ignorant and desireless, so they will be naturally calm, without fighting, stealing, or chaos, so those who know dare not do nothing.In the world of supreme virtue, the top is like a branch, the people are like a wild deer;This is the person who is too ancient to do nothing and the people transform themselves, soaring through nature and governing everything.

[Phonetic Rhyme] Jiang's rhyme in this chapter has no rhyme.Gao Benhan uses belly, bone and desire as rhymes, and Chen Zhu agrees.Chen You thought, Zhiyun, Yun: "The sound of Gaige has changed." Qian Zhi's case: "Desire" and "belly" in the ancient rhyme spectrum of Chu Ci in Wang Nian, Sun Mao's Poems, all enter the secluded part, and the music is recorded as "a gentleman finds his way" [-] In the sentence, Tao and desire are rhymes.The four chapters of Liao'e in the Book of Songs are rhyme: 鞫, storage, education, complex, and abdomen.Chu Ci Tian Wen Yu, the belly is the rhyme.Another case of modesty: "Xian" and "struggle" rhyme.Kong Guangsen's poem sound class Eryang sound [-] out of the word "jian" says: "Xingwei: "Dun's bow is strong, the four bows are strong, the arrows are equal, and the preface is virtuous." The case of "firm" follows "口". , '口' is the ancient Chinese 'Xian', and now there is a word '礥' in the [-]th, and '礥' is the correct pronunciation of 'Xian'. Duxian.' Xingwei sees 'jian'." The sound of "Xian" and "Zheng" in the case are similar, and the old Indian translation of "Xiandou" can be used as circumstantial evidence.Wang Niansun's ancient rhyme spectrum and "Jian" enter the Zhenbu together, and "Zheng" (sound true) enters the Gengbu, which is the proof of the rhymes of Zhen and Geng.

There are 57 characters in the Youjinglong stele version, 58 characters in the Dunhuang version, 66 characters in the Heshang version, 67 characters in the Wang version, 68 characters in the Fu version, and 69 characters in the model version.Heshang's title is "An Min No. [-]", Wang's title is "Three Chapters", and the model title is "Bushang Xian Chapter No. [-]".

(End of this chapter)